Objective To choose the bestway of extracting procedure of Rhizoma corydalis. Methods The optimal extraction process is selected with the orthogonal design. The content of corydalis B and the yield of extracts were used to evaluate the factor levels. Results The ideal extraction process is:extracted with 75% alcohol for 2 times, first 6 times amount, soaked 0.5 h, refluxed 1.5 h, then 4 times amount, refluxed 1.5 h. Conclusions This extractive condition is the best way.

This paper employed UPLC-Electrospray Ionization /Quadrupole-Time of Flight-Mass /Mass Spectrometry( UPLC-ESI/Q-TOF-MS/MS) to analyze the chemical constituents in the stems of Nelumbo nucifera. The stems of N. nucifera were extracted with 75% methanol, and we applied an Agilent Zorbax SB-Aq column (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.8 μm) to UPLC analysis with water methanol-water( containing 0.05% formic acid) in gradient as mobile phase. The eluates were then detected by ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Results indicated that 22 benzylisoquinoline alkaloids were indendified. Among them, one alkaloid may be a new compound and a component was found in the Lotus for the first time. We fully identify the composition of the Lotus stems for the first time, Which could provides theoretical foundation for further study and utilization of the medicinal resources.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Nelumbo ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods

To clarify the origin and application development of the traditional Chinese medicine " Zi-hua Qianhu" and " Qianhu", the medicinal literatures of past dynasties and modern researches were analysed. The plant Angelica decursivum was used as a substitute for traditional Chinese medicine "Angelica sinensis Radix" for a long historical period, it is used incorrectly for traditional Chinese medicine "Qianhu" due to origin research in modern times. The plant origin of "Qianhu" is Peucedanum praeruptorum. There are significant differences in clinical applications and chemical composition of the two drugs. The same efficacy description of "Zi-huaQianhu" and "Qianhu" could not stop "Zi-huaQianhu" used as "Qianhu" in practical application. Therefore, we need to further research for the plant A. decursivum, delimit its medicinal attribution.
Angelica ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; history ; pharmacology ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Pharmacopoeias as Topic ; history ; Phytotherapy ; history

To clarify the origin and development of the traditional Chinese medicine "Duhuo" and "Qianghuo" with medicinal literatures. Medical literatures of past dynasties were analysed and combined with the modern material. The "Duhuo" in Herbal writing Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing include traditional Chinese medicine "Duhuo" and "Qianghuo", "Qianghuo" was separated from "Duhuo" due to the distinguish of clinical application. The origin of "Qianghuo" is Notopterygium incisum and N. forbesii, However, The origin of "Duhuo" is very complex, Angelica pubescens f. biserrata as authentic "Duhuo" was used from Song Dynasty. "Qianghuo" was originated from "Duhuo".
Angelica ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Apiaceae ; chemistry ; growth & development ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; Geography ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Research ; Species Specificity

This study provides the candidate sequences in the identification of Radix et Rhizoma Clematidis and its adulterants using DNA barcoding. We amplified and sequenced the region psbA-trnH, with the data of 284 sequences from GenBank, the differential intra- and inter-specific divergences, genetic distance, barcoding gap were used to evaluate five barcodes, and the identification efficiency was assessed using BLAST1 and Nearest Distance methods. The results showed that psbA-trnH barcodes performed high identification efficiency and inter-specific divergences among the five different DNA barcodes. Analysis of the barcoding gap and NJ tree showed psbA-trnH was superior to other barcodes. Based on the identification and PCR amplification efficiency, psbA-trnH can be the ideal barcode to identify Radix et Rhizoma Clematidis and its adulterants accurately.
DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; methods ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; Drug Contamination ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; methods ; Plant Roots ; genetics ; Plants, Medicinal ; classification ; genetics ; Ranunculaceae ; classification ; genetics ; Rhizome ; genetics ; Species Specificity

OBJECTIVETo analyze the correlation between changes of thyroid hormone (TH), dopamine (DA) and Chinese medicine syndrome types by detecting contents of serum TH and DA in insomnia, thus to explore objective indices of Chinese medicine syndrome types.

METHODSInsomnia patients were assigned to four Chinese medicine syndrome types groups, covering depressed Gan transforming into fire, internal disturbance by phlegm-heat, excessive fire due to yin deficiency, and Xin-Pi deficiency. One healthy control group was set up. Each group consisted of 30 patients or subjects. Serum DA content was determined using spectrophotofluorometry. Serum levels of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4) were detected using radioimmunoassay (RIA).

RESULTSThe serum levels of DA and TH showed difference among groups at various levels. The serum DA level was sequenced from high to low as the control group > the depressed Gan transforming into fire group > the excessive fire due to yin deficiency group > the internal disturbance by phlegm-heat group > the Xin-Pi deficiency group. The serum TH level was sequenced from high to low as the excessive fire due to yin deficiency group > the depressed Gan transforming into fire group > the internal disturbance by phlegm-heat group > the control group > the Xin-Pi deficiency group.

CONCLUSIONSSerum DA levels in insomnia patients were in line with the disease course and the dynamic change from sthenia to asthenia in Chinese syndrome types. Serum DA levels, as one of pathological factors constituting the sthenia syndrome or the asthenia syndrome, may be taken as an objective indicator in Chinese medicine syndrome typing.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Dopamine ; blood ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; blood ; diagnosis ; Thyroid Hormones ; blood ; Yang Deficiency ; diagnosis ; Yin Deficiency ; diagnosis ; Young Adult

Anthropometry ; Body Height ; Body Weight ; Breast Feeding ; Child ; Child Development ; China ; Female ; Growth Charts ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Public Health ; standards ; Reference Values ; Sex Factors ; World Health Organization

Objective To compare extravascular lung water index (EVLWI) and oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) in estimation of acute lung injury(ALI) .Methods Sixteen patients with post traumatic ALI (within 48 h) of both sexes, aged 18-80 yr, were studied. The patients were mechanically ventilated. Right internal jugular vein and femoral artery were catheterized and connected to PiCCO monitor (IntelliVue MP50, Philips, Netherlands).EVLWI was monitored with the PiCCO system. PaO2 was determined every 24 h. ALI was diagnosed based on the following criteria:(1)PaO2/FiO2≤300 mm Hg; (2)X-ray chest film-patchy shadows in the bilateral lungs and (3) CVP≤12 mm Hg.Lung injury score(LIS) was recorded. The patients were divided into PaO2/FiO2≤ 300 group and ≤200 group and EVLWI ≥ 10 group and ＜ 10 group. Results There was no significant difference in LIS between PaO2/FiO2 ≤300 group and PaO2/FiO2 ≤200 group at 24 and 48 h of PiCCO monitoring. At 72 h of PiCCO monitoring LIS was significantly increased in PaO2/FiO2 ≤200 group as compared with PaO2/FiO2 ≤300 group, LIS was significantly higher in EVLWI≥ 10 group than in EVLWI ＜ 10 group at 24, 48 and 72 h of PiCCO monitoring. Conclusion EVLWI is more accurate than PaO2 /FiO2 in estimation of severity of ALI.

Objective To investigate Yiqi Huatan Decoction(YHD), a compound recipe with the actions of tonifying Qi and resolving phlegm, on aquaporin 5(AQP5), tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)and mucin 5AC(MUC5AC)in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases(COPD)rats. Methods SD rats were randomized into blank control group, model group, and low-, middle- and high-dose YHD groups(in the dosage of 7.398, 36.99, 73.98 g·kg-1·d-1 respectively). The rat model of COPD was induced by cigarette smoking combined with intratracheal dripping of lipopolysaccharide(LPS). After COPD rats were treated with YHD for 30 days, the histological features of lung tissues were observed after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, the expression of AQP5, TNF -α and MUC5AC in the lung tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry, the concentrations of AQP5, TNF-α and MUC5AC in BALF of rats were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Results Compared with the blank control group, the concentration of AQP5 in BALF of the model group was decreased significantly(P<0.01), while the concentrations of TNF-αand MUC5AC were significantly increased(P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the pathological features of the lung tissue were relieved, and the concentration of AQP5 was increased significantly in low-, middle-, high-dose YHD groups (P<0.01), but the concentrations of TNF-α and MUC5AC were significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the effect of high-dose group was superior to low-and middle-dose groups(P<0.01). Conclusion The therapeutic mechanism of YHD for COPD is probably related with the regulation of fluid transport in aquaporin water channels of rats.

Ictal semiology is essential for the pre-operative evaluation of candidates for epilepsy surgery. We propose an ictal sign of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) termed tonic-automotor (TA), defi ned as contralateral tonic spasm of upper limb associated with ipsilateral hand automotor seizure and often accompanied ipsilateral head turning. We assessed the occurrence and lateralizing/localizing value of TA in TLE, we analyzed 129 seizures in 41 patients with TLE: 90 seizures in 30 patients with TLE of hippocampal sclerosis (TLE/HS) and 39 seizures in 11 patients with TLE of other lesions (TLE/ non-HS). When compared with unilateral automotor seizure and unilateral tonic spasm, TA occurred more frequently in TLE/HS patients (40% vs 10% and 16.7%). In addition, 24 seizures in 12 patients with TA were observed only in TLE/HS patients and contralateral to the seizure focus based on the side of tonic spasm. However, there was no signifi cant difference in the TLE/HS between dominant side and nondominant side. In addition, TA sign occurred relatively early in the ictal phase. Thus, TA may be a more reliable lateralizing sign of epileptogenic zone and a semiologic marker of TLE/ HS patients.