Objective: To explore the role of mucosal immunity in the pathogenesis of asthma and allergic rhinitis and to search for common materials for the two conditions, so as to reveal the relationship of asthma and allergic rhinitis. Methods: A total of 82 patients with acute asthma, including 44 with asthma alone and 38 with asthma complicated with rhinitis, were included in this study. Another 30 patients with allergic rhinitis alone and 30 healthy controls were also included. The saliva, sputum, and nasal secretions (all 2 ml) were collected to observe the secretory immunoglobulin-A (sIgA) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Flow cytometry was employed to observe CD4 -, CD8+ lymphocytes in blood samples (2 ml) obtained from the elbow vein. The levels of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and serum total immunoglobulin E (T-IgE) were assessed by fluorescent enzyme immunoassay. Results: Sputum sIgA levels in the asthmatic group, combination group, and rhinitis group were significantly lower than that in the normal control group (P<0. 01); saliva sIgA levels in the asthmatic group and combination group had a decreasing tendency but had no significant difference compared with that in the normal control group. sIgA levels in the nasal secretions in the asthma group and combination group were significantly higher than those in the normal control group (P<0. 05) and rhinitis group (P<0. 01), and there was no significant difference between the rhinitis group and the control group. Blood CD4+ cells in the asthmatic group and combination group were decreased than that in the normal control group (P<0. 05). Blood CD8 + cells were similar in all the groups. CD4+/CD8 + cells in the asthma group was significantly more than those in the normal control group and rhinitis group (P<0. 05). Serum T-IgE-levels in the combination group and rhinitis group were significantly higher than that in the normal control group (P<0. 01). Serum ECP was hardly detected in the normal control group; that in the asthma group was significantly higher than that in the rhinitis group (P<0. 05), and that in the combined group was not significantly different with those in the asthma group or the rhinitis group. ECP and T-IgE levels were positively correlated (r=0. 467, P<0. 05) in the asthma group, and not correlated in other groups. Conclusion: The asthma and allergic rhinitis are both closely related to mucosal immunity, which is the manifestation of asthma and rhinitis in different sites. The sIgA, CD4 +, CD8+, ECP, and T-IgE may be the material bas for mucosal immunity.

Objective To investigate the effect of spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury on hindlimb dysfunction in rabbits.Methods Twenty-eight health adult rabbits were distributed into normal control group (n =4) and model group (n =24) according to the random number table.The modelof spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury was established by selective occlusion of lumbar arteries.The model group were submitted to ischemia for 30 min (Group Ⅰ),60 min (Group Ⅱ) and 90 min (Group Ⅲ) before the reperfusion with 8 rabbits each.Jacobs score,Reuters score and Rivlin inclined plane test were used to evaluate the hindlimb function in each Group at days 1,3 and 7 after reperfusion.Changes in nerve conduction function in each group were observed using the cortical somatosensory evoked potential (CSEP).Results At days 1,3 and 7,the paraplegia rates in group Ⅰ were 50％,38％ and 38％ respectively,in Group Ⅱ were 75％,88％ and 100％,and in Group Ⅲ were all 100％.Paraplegia rate differed significantly among the three groups at 1 d and 3 d (P ＜ 0.01).Paraplegia rate differed significantly in Groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ when compared to that in Group Ⅰ at 7 d (P ＜ 0.01),but there was no significant difference between Groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P ＞ 0.05).With the prolongation of reperfusion,the Reuters score in Group Ⅰ dropped but not differed from that in control group (P ＞ 0.05);the Reuters score in Groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ increased and differed from that the control group (P ＜0.01),but the difference between Groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was insignificant (P ＞ 0.05).Critical angle and obstacle rate of the inclined plane in control group were (68.4 ± 3.0)° and 0％.One day after reperfusion,critical angles of the inclined plane in Groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were (58.8 ± 4.1) °,(38.5 ± 2.8) ° and (29.8 ± 1.8) °,and the obstacle rates were (14.5 ± 0.9) ％,(43.6 ± 2.4) ％ and (56.0 ± 2.9) ％.There were significant differences compared to control group (P ＜ 0.01).Slight decrease in critical angle of the inclined plane but a minor increase in the obstacle rate was detected in Groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ at 3 d and 7 d after reperfusion,and the differences were significant compared to control group (P ＜ 0.01).Three days after reperfusion,critical angle of the inclined plane raised and obstacle rate of the inclined plate fell in group Ⅰ,not significantly different from these in control group (P ＞ 0.05).Latencies of CSEP N1 and P1 waves in Group Ⅱ [(33.1 ± 1.8) ms and (58.6 ± 4.0) ms] were longer than these in control group [(23.7±0.5)msand (48.1±4.1)ms]andgroup Ⅰ [(26.2±0.7)ms and (50.2±4.2)ms] (P＜ 0.01) 7 days after reperfusion,but the differences between control group and Group Ⅰ were insignificant (P ＞ 0.05).While the CSEP wave disappeared in Group Ⅲ.Conclusions Severity of spinal cord inschemia/reperfusion injury is related to the duration of ischemia.Hindlimb dysfunction caused by ischemia/reperfusion injury is characterized mainly by spastic paraplegia.

refer to the cases with pression caused by both posterior and anterior matters, the posterior-anterior surgery is better.

To investigate the effect of compound Chinese traditional medicine PC-SPES II I in inhibiting proliferation of human prostate cancer cell LNCaP based on the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway. The effect of PC-SPES II on LNCaP cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay. According to the findings, at the mass concentration of 180-1 440 mg x L(-1), PC-SPES II significantly inhibited the proliferation of LNCaP cells; the IC50 of PC-SPES II at 24 h and 48 h were 311.48, 199.01 mg x L(-1), respectively. The flow Cytometry detection showed 240 mg x L(-1) PC-SPES II arrested cells in G2/M phase, and an obvious apoptotic peak appeared before G0/G1 peak and rose over time. Meanwhile, Hoechst 33258 staining revealed apoptotic cellular morphology. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining manifested an increase in apoptotic cell ratio at the PC-SPES II concentration of 480 mg x L(-1) in a dose dependent manner. The prostate specific antigen (PSA) secretion of LNCaP cells was tested by PSA ELISA kit. Besides, compared with 25 mg x L(-1) Bic, 480 mg x L(-1) PC-SPES II significantly reduced the cell secretion of PSA. The AR and PSA mRNA and protein expressions were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. According to the results, after the induction of LNCaP cells with synthetic androgen 25 μg x L(-1) R1881, 240-480 mg x L(-1) PC-SPES II notably down-regulated the AR and PSA mRNA and protein expressions and inhibited the translocation of AR from cytoplasm to nucleus. In summary, PC-SPES II significantly can inhibit the in vitro proliferation of LNCaP cells and arrest cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase. Its mechanism may be associated with the down-regulation of the AR and PSA expressions and the inhibition of AR nuclear translocation.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; genetics ; metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Receptors, Androgen ; genetics ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects

Objective To evaluate the image quality and registration accuracy of a three?dimensional ( 3D ) dynamic phantom in four?dimensional computed tomography ( 4DCT ) and four?dimensional cone?beam computed tomography ( 4DCBCT) . Methods The Computerized Imaging Reference Systems Dynamic Thorax Phantom Model 008A was scanned to get 4DCT and 4DCBCT images. Two balls with different diameters ( ?= 1 cm and ?= 2 cm) were used to simulate tumors with different sizes. The motion mode of the balls was 3D sinusoidal motion at 0?25 Hz ( the amplitudes along the x, y, and z axes were ±1?0 cm, ±0?4 cm, and ±0?2 cm, respectively). Gross target volumes (GTVs) from 10?phase bins, internal gross target volumes (IGTV), and target volumes on maximum intensity projection (MIP) and mean intensity projection (MeanIP) images were contoured and calculated. Target volumes on 4DCT or 4DCBCT images were compared with the static and dynamic volumes of the balls ( VS and VD ) . The matching index ( MI) of target volumes between the 4DCT and 4DCBCT images was analyzed after rigid image registration. Results The GTV in each phase of the image was larger than VS . The difference between the average GTV derived from 10 phases of 4DCT or 4DCBCT images and Vs of the small ball was larger than that of the large ball ( 35?03% vs. 22?66%;32?62% vs. 17?00%) . All the IGTVs and target volumes on MIP images were slightly larger than VD , but target volumes on MeanIP images were smaller than VD . The average MI of 10?phase bins of the small ball was smaller than that of the large ball ( 66?76% vs. 82?21%) . Moreover, MIs of IGTV,MIP, and MeanIP of the small ball were also smaller than those of the large ball ( 77?39% vs. 90?29%;75?90% vs. 89?28%;74?47% vs. 82?74%) . Conclusions In the case of a relatively small tumor volume and a relatively large motion amplitude, 4DCT and 4DCBCT should be used with caution for comparison of image registration.

【Objective】 To study the differentiate expression genes and regulation signaling pathways related to the occurrence and development of dilated cardiomyopathy with heart failure, we used bioinformatics methods to explore gene chip in gene expression omnibus(GEO) and genes related to dilated cardiomyopathy in online mendelian inheritance in man(OMIM) . 【Methods】 GSE21610 and GSE29919 chip gene sets sequenced by Herz- &Diabeteszentrum NRW laboratory of the University of Bochum, Germany with myocardial biopsy specimens from clinical cases under the platform GPL570 and uploaded to GEO public database were selected to perform our study. Myocardial biopsy specimens from dilated cardiomyopathy with heart failure and normal cardiac function were regarded as the experimental group(14 and 21 cases, respectively) and the control group(12 and 8 cases, respectively). Up-regulated expression genes with the criteria: P < 0.05, were screened in GEO2R with the selected samples of two chips, which were then used to perform kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) pathways analysis, gene ontology(GO) function analysis, and protein-protein interaction(PPI) analysis, and the results were displayed through Volcano map, Venn map, Heat map, and Bubble charts with enrichment pathways drawn by R language packages. Meanwhile, KEGG pathways with the criteria: NOM. P < 0.05, and core genes relating to dilated cardiomyopathy with heart failure were performed through gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). All candidate genes were then intersected with the reported genes in the OMIM, respectively, and clinical significance of these candidate genes was explored in relevant literatures. 【Results】 A total of 173 up-regulated expression genes with P < 0.05, were obtained by GEO2R, which are mainly related to inflammatory signals, cell proliferation and differentiation regulating, and classical apoptotic signaling pathways. These genes were intersected with the 754 reported genes in OMIM, and three reported up-regulated expression genes were obtained: NPPA for diagnosis of heart failure, APOA1 that associates with cytokine action, and COL6A1 that regulates lateral tubular remodeling. 158 and 46 core genes from KEGG pathways with NOM. P < 0.05 were obtained by GSEA, respectively, which were then intersected with the 754 reported genes in OMIM, and two core genes were obtained: PRKCA, enhancing myocardial contractility, and BMP2, promoting the development of heart failure. 【Conclusions】 Based on bioinformatics analysis, we found that the candidate genes PRKCA, BMP2, NPPA, and COL6A1 are likely to be closely related to the occurrence and development of dilated cardiomyopathy with heart failure, which can be used to reveal meaningful therapeutic clues and directions for the clinical treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy with advanced cardiac dysfunction.

AIMTo investigate the properties of cationic nanoparticles composed of poly (ethyleneimine)-g-poly (methyl methacrylate) (PEI-PMMA) as gene delivery carriers and explore the mechanism of PEI-PMMA nanoparticles mediated gene transfer.

METHODSPEI-PMMA nanoparticles were synthesized by free radical polymerization. The morphology of nanoparticles was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The particle size and zeta potential were measured by zeta sizer. The complex between pGL3 plasmid and nanoparticles was analyzed by gel electrophoresis; and PEI-PMMA nanoparticles mediated gene transfer into HeLa cells was observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy.

RESULTSPEI-PMMA nanoparticles are spherical shape and monodispersity. The particle size and zeta potential are 172 nm and +50.3 mV, respectively. When pGL3 plasmid complexed with nanoparticles at N/P ratio of 5: 1 and 20: 1, the particle size of pGL3/nanoparticle complex are 133 and 139 nm and zeta potential is + 21.4 and + 33.7 mV, respectively. pGL3 plasmid complexed with nanoparticles completely at N/P ratio of 5: 1. PEI-PMMA nanoparticles can deliver pGL3 plasmid into HeLa cells by endocytosis and release pGL3 into the cytosol.

CONCLUSIONPEI-PMMA nanoparticles effectively transferred DNA to target cells and it is a promising non-viral carrier for gene delivery.

DNA ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Endocytosis ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Vectors ; HeLa Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; Imines ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Nanoparticles ; Particle Size ; Plasmids ; Polyethylenes ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Transfection

Objective To establish a rat skin organ culture model to study the initiation of hair follicle morphogenesis, and the dynamic expression of Wnt10b/β-catenin in the developing hair follicle. Methods The dorsal skins of SD rat at embryos 14-17 (E14-E17) were cultured on a gelatin sponge-supported tissue culture system at the air/liquid interface of DMEM with 10 % fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 3-6 days, some of which removed from El5 were cultured in DMEM with FBS of different concentrations. HE staining and fluoroimmunoassay were adopted. Results The model we established allowed skin tissues isolated from E14-E15 to develop in a manner that was histologically and temporarily similar to the process in vivo. However, the developing hair follicle ceased to continue when their morphogenetic process reached the forth stage, and the concentration of FBS did not show any significant effect on the development of hair follicle. Expression of Wnt10b/β-catenin was induced in culture, as it also occurred in vivo,but grew weak till it disappeared in culture for 6 days, which was accompanied by development halt of hair follicle. Conclusions A rat skin organ culture model is established in which the morphogenesis of hair follicle takes place in a manner similar to in vivo, and Wnt10b/β-catenin probably has a close connection with the early morphogenesis of hair follicle.

Recent research based on various animal models has shown the neuroprotective effects of erythropoietin (EPO). However, few studies have examined such effects of EPO in the clinic. In this study we enrolled patients with spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury to investigate the clinical application of EPO and methylprednisolone (MP) for the neuroprotection against spinal cord I-R injury. Retrospective analysis of 63 cases of spinal cord I-R injury was performed. The Frankel neurological performance scale was used to evaluate the neurological function after spinal cord injury (SCI), including 12 cases of scale B, 30 cases of scale C, and 21 cases of scale D. These cases were divided into 2 groups: group A (27 cases) got treatment with both EPO and MP; group B (36 cases) got treatment with MP only. The neurological function of patients after treatment was evaluated by American Spinal Cord Injury Association (ASIA) index score, and activity of daily living (ADL) of the patients was also recorded. All patients got follow-up and the follow-up period ranged from 24 to 39 months (mean 26 months). There was no significance difference in neurological function between groups A and B before the treatment (P>0.05). However, the neurological function and ADL scores were significantly improved 1 week, 1 year or 2 years after the treatment compared to those before the treatment (P<0.05), and the improvement was more significant in group A than in group B (P<0.05). It is suggested that the clinical application of EPO and MP provides the neuroprotection against spinal cord I-R injury.

This study left flavonoids and alkaloids Chinese herbal monomer with common parent nucleus as cream base carriages drug respectively, cream base were prepared with stable span 60-tween 80 emulsification system. The near-infrared stability analysis technology was performed to quantitatively characterize the physical stability of cream. Base on the theory of gel network structure, theory of emulsification, theory of solubility parameter and theory of double layer, the influence mechanism of Chinese herbal monomer on physical stability of cream was discussed. The results showed that tetrahydropalmatine, matrine and naringenin had similar solubility parameter value with cream base material, creams prepared with those Chinese herbal monomer have higher Zeta potential value and stronger physical stability, and that those creams had similar microstructure information with cream base. However, a larger solubility parameter difference exists between baicalin, baicalein, berberine, palmatine and cream base material. Creams prepared with those Chinese herbal monomers had lower Zeta potential value and poorer physical stability, and that those creams had great different microstructure information with cream base.
Drug Stability ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Emulsions ; chemistry ; Kinetics ; Skin Cream ; chemistry ; Solubility