Objective To study the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)in the kidney tissues of chronic interstitial nephritis(CIN).Methods Expression of bFGF was assayed in 30 patients with CIN and 5 normal persons by SP method of immunohistochemical technique.The average gray value and average optical density of the bFGF positive parts and its ratio with the whole visual field had been measured with video analysis system.Results The expression of bFGF in the kidney tissues of CIN was significantly stronger than that in normal tissues.The average gray value,average optical density and the positive areas were significantly high compared with that of normal cases.Conclusion The bFGF can promote the proliferation of fibroblasts and monocytes in renal interstitial patients and lead to renal interstitial fibrosis in the end.

Objective To analyze the distribution and evolution of the risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) in middle-aging males, and provide the evidence for the prevention and treatment of male patients with CHD. Methods 1639 male people over 45 years old were enrolled in the study. They were divided into non- senile group (45-59 years old) and senile group (60-93 years old).The subjects over 60 years old were further divided into three groups:60-69 years old group, 70-79 years old group, 80-93 years old group. The interrelation between the risk factors of CHD and aging was analyzed. Results The prevalence rates of drinking, smoking, diastolic hypertension and low HDL-C in non-senile group were much higher than those in senile group (x2=28.80,18.35,15.72,17.84,P<0.01). In contrast, the prevalence rates of overweight, systolic hypertension, fasting hyperglycemia,postprandial hyperglycemia in senile group were significantly higher than those in non senile group. The prevalence rates of high triglyceride in non- senile group and senile group were 18.0% and 16.2% respectively(P>0.05). The prevalence rates of high cholesterol in non- senile group and senile group were 36.9% and 31.5% respectively(P>0.05). There was a significant decrease in the prevalence rates of overweight, postprandial hyperglycemia (P<0.05) and drinking,smoking, diastolic hypertension, high triglyeeride (P<0.01) in over 70-year+old males. And the prevalence rates of overweight, postprandial hyperglycemia, high triglyceride of over 80-year-old males were higher than those of over 70-year-old males (x2=10.05,4.16,5.97,P＜0.01). However,the prevalence rates of systolic hypertension of over 80-year-old males were lower than those of over 70-year-old males (X2=21.25,P＜0.01). There was no significant change in other risk factors of CHD at different ages of senile group. Conclusions For non-senile males, the important measures to treat the risk factors of CHD should include stopping smoking, restricting alcohol, eating low fat diet, changing bad life habits, controlling diastolic hypertension and modifying lipid. In contrast, for senile males, more attention should he paid to limiting total energy intake, increasing sports, losing weight, controlling systolic hypertension, hyperglycemia and modifying lipid.

Objective To estimate the uncertainty of measurement in detecting of hepatitis B virus DNA(HBV DNA)by method of fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(FQ-PCR),and discuss the application value.Methods The process of the detection of HBV DNA by FQ-PCR was analysed to confirm and simplify the sources of uncertainties of measurement,which were obtained by disposing the data of methodology validation,internal quality control(type A evaluation of uncertainty)and external quality assessment(type B evaluation of uncertainty);combined uncertainty and expanded uncertainty were obtained by statistical methods.Results The main sources of uncertainties of measurement were:precision within laboratory,precision between laboratory,method bias.The expanded uncertainty of HBV DNA by FQ-PCR was U=0.62(k=1.96,n=2).The uncertainty caused by method bias was found mostly.Conclusion Expanded uncertainty can be compared in different results of HBV DNA by FQ-PCR,and it provides guide significance for observing the cure effect of anti-HBV and choosing the concentration of quality control.

Objective To make a comparison between the plain radiograph, CT, and MR findings of gouty arthritis and to analyse the relationship between clinical data and imaging findings. Methods Fifty-four joints of 33 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of gouty arthritis were included in this study. In the morning, the blood uric acid level of patients was tested before meal. In the afternoon, their clinical data were recorded and joints were examinated by plain radiography, CT, and MRI. The imaging findings were evaluated by tophi, bone erosion, soft tissue swelling, hydrarthrosis, synovial thickness, and bone oedema. The data was analyzed by Chi-square test, indepentdent-samples t test, and logistic regression. Results The Chi-square test was utilized to evaluate number of joints with tophi(CT>plain radiography, MR>plain radiography, P<0. 01), soft tissue swelling (MR>CT>plain radiography, P<0. 01), hydrarthrosis(MR>CT, P<0. 01). In addition, 35 joints had bone oedema and 50 joints had synovial thickness. The course of disease(tophi positive group vs tophi negative group, P<0. 01) was analyzed by indepentdent-samples t test. The tophi's causative agents including bone erosion and course of disease were analysed by logistic regression(P<0. 01). Conclusions MRI is superior to CT and plain radiography on the early diagnosis of gout. Tophi and bone erosion may not affect the blood uric acid level. With the progression of disease, the probability of tophi formation increases. The relationship between the formation of tophi and bone erosion may be interpromotied.

Objective To investigate the relationship between urinary iodine level and thyroid disease.Methods The study used a case-control design.One hundred and nine patients with thyroid disease from the Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Institute for Endemic Disease Control were selected as case group from 2011 to 2012,and these patients were divided into three groups:Graves's disease (GD) group (n =48),chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (HT) group(n =34) and thyroid nodules group(n =27).Sixty-two healthy people from the same region were selected as a control group.Urinary iodine was determined using arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry,thyroid autoantibody (TRAb) and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) was detected using electrochemiluminescence,while iodine absorption rate was measured using thyroid function analyzer,and thyroid volume was measured using type-B ultrasonic method.The relationship between urinary iodine level and patients with thyroid disease was compared with that of control group.Results Urinary iodine levels of patients with GD,HT,thyroid nodules and control groups were 313.95,375.20,220.20 and 196.50 μg/L,respectively.Urinary iodine levels of patients with GD and HT groups were higher than that of control group(Z =3.238,4.275,all P ＜ 0.0125).Urinary iodine level of patients with HT was higher than that of thyroid nodules(Z =3.762,P ＜ 0.0125).Iodine uptakes of GD,HT,thyroid nodules and control groups were (84.20 ± 16.90)％,(23.51 ± 6.72)％,(28.34 ± 8.02)％ and (29.31 ± 8.41)％; TRAbs of patients with GD,HT,thyroid nodules and control groups were (58.57 ± 20.31)％,(2.54± 1.00)％,(2.98 ± 0.83)％ and (3.01 ± 1.21)％; TPOAbs of patients with GD,HT,thyroid nodules and control groups were (117.03 ± 57.21)％,(251.00 ± 98.20)％,(16.81 ± 9.87)％ and (15.00 ± 7.23)％.Iodine uptake,TRAb and TPOAb of GD group were higher than those of control group(P ＜ 0.05).TPOAb of HT group was higher than that of control group(P ＜ 0.05).Urinary iodine levels of GD group and HT group were positively correlated with TPOAb(correlation coefficient were 0.462,0.478 all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Excessive iodine intake is found in patients with GD and HT.Determination of urinary iodine is helpful for individualized iodine supplementation.

Objective To study the feasibility of a simple random sampling on surveys at the community level and to evaluate the quality of samples under survey.Methods A simple random sample of households was taken,based on the electronic listings of community households from Gongshu and Xiacheng districts of Hangzhou city.One of the adults aged 18 to 64 years in the sampled households was identified with KISH method to finish a questionnaire survey.More than 500 people from the sample size was required in each district.Results Of 950 sampled households in Xiacheng district,511 (53.8%) finished the survey while 506 (36.7%) out of the 1380 sampled households in Gongshu district did.The proportions of non-response due to the following reasons as:none with eligible age in the households,relocation of the original household,mass relocation of the community,and errors in the household listings etc.were 38.3% and 43.5% respectively,in the two districts.Proportions attributed to non-response and refusal to response of sampled household or individual were 8.0% and 19.9% respectively.No statistical significant differences in age and gender were found between the surveyed samples and the population in the sampled households,or in gender between the populations in the sampled households and in Hangzhou city.However,the population in the sampled households showed a more aging population structure than the population in Hangzhou city.Conclusion In a geographically limited area,using a simple random sampling method to do the survey is feasible,based on the electronic listings of household.Enough time spent during the household visit guarantees the interviewers to get a representative sample of the sampling frame.There is an urgent need for the timeliness,completeness and accuracy of electronic household listings to be improved.

Yeast strains with improved ethanol yield are important for efficient bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass for fuel ethanol.Candida shehatae CICC1766 was adapted to 4%(v/v)ethanol,and then subjected to UV mutagenesis.One respiration deficient mutant Rd-5 with improved xylose fermentation capability was selected.Protoplasts of Rd-5 were inactivated by UV treatment,followed by the PEG-mediated protoplast fusion with a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain with good ethanol-fermenting capability.The xylose fermenting capability of the fusants was investigated,and the fusant F6 demonstrated good ethanol fermentation performance,producing 18.75g/L ethanol from 50g/L xylose with an ethanol yield of 0.375 or 73.4% of its theoretical value of 0.511.Comparing with its parent Candida shehatae strain,the ethanol yield of F6 was increased by 28%.

BACKGROUND: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an effective method for the end-stage knee osteoarthritis, which can obviously relieve pain and improve function. But a large amount of postoperative blood loss is a serious complication, how to reduce postoperative blood loss is still a difficulty. OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficacy of local application of different doses of tranexamic acid without drainage on the METHODS: 150 patients with osteoarthritis who underwent TKA were randomly divided into three groups (n=50 per group). Group A received the intra-articular injection of tranexamic acid (2 g) plus 50 mL of normal saline; group B received the intra-articular injection of tranexamic acid (1 g) 50 mL of normal saline; group C received the intra-articular injection of 50 mL of normal saline. The drainage tube was not used in all patients. The number of hemoglobin, the number of patients undergoing blood transfusion, intraoperative blood loss, external blood loss, hidden blood loss, total blood loss and postoperative 3 hour-related blood coagulation indexes were recorded and compared among groups. Additionally, the incision infection and deep vein thrombosis were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The difference of hemoglobin among groups was significant (F=7.218-7.516, P=0.000).(2)The number of blood transfusion in the groups A,B and C was 2,5 and 9,respectively,which had significant differences (χ2=25.753, P=0.000). (3) The intraoperative blood loss had no significant difference among groups (F=1.206, P=5.283). The difference in the postoperative external blood loss, postoperative hidden blood loss and total postoperative blood loss among groups was significant (F=14.389, P=0.000; F=7.158, P=0.009; F=6.752, P=0.012). Moreover, the hemostatic effect was in a dose-dependent manner. (4) There were no significant differences in the postoperative 3-hour-related blood coagulation indexes among groups (P > 0.05). (5) There was no deep vein thrombosis at 1 week postoperatively, and no deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism occurred within postoperative 3 months in the three groups. (6) To conclude, topical application of tranexamic acid without drainage can significantly reduce perioperative blood loss, blood transfusion rate, and does not increase the incidence of complications, and the hemostatic effect is in a dose-dependent manner.

The complete chloroplast genome of medicinal plant Asarum caudigerum Hance and its close relative A. cardiophyllum Franchet were sequenced using Illumina Hiseq technology, and assembled, annotated, and characterized by bioinformatic methods in this study. Then phylogenetic analysis of the complete chloroplast genomes of A. caudigerum, A. cardiophyllum, and twelve published species was conducted. The results indicated that the chloroplast genomes ranged from 186 215-186 985 bp in length, with a large single copy (LSC, 89 445-90 169 bp) and two inverted repeats (IRa/IRb, 48 387-48 408 bp). The overall GC content was 37.4%-37.5%. A total of 144 chloroplast genes were annotated, including 98 protein coding genes, 38 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. In addition, complex genomic rearrangements were detected in the chloroplast genome of Asarum. Meanwhile, visual evaluation of the discrete type of the sequence indicated that the variation level of non-coding region was higher than that of coding region. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that A. caudigerum and A. cardiophyllum were clustered into a single clade and A. cardiophyllum, A. sieboldii var. seoulense, A. misandrum and A. maculatum were clustered into another single branch. These two clade were sister species. This study provides a scientific basis for the identification, phylogenetic relationship, molecular breeding of Asarum species.

Objective To evaluate a single step electrophoresis for quantitative determination of cholesterol of high-, low-, very-low-density lipoprotein(HDL, LDL, VLDL) and fast pre-beta lipoprotein [lipoprotein (a), Lp(a)]. Methods Quantification of lipoprotein cholesterol was performed by enzymatic staining of cholesterol in a new agarose gel electrophoresis method that allows the separation of LDL, VLDL, HDL, and Lp(a) by Helena REP system. The results of electrophoresis method were compared with those by traditional method like PTA-Mg2＋ precipitation method for HDL-C, PVS precipitation method for LDL-C, and Immunoturbidimetric assay(ITA) method for Lp(a).Results Within-runs CV were 5.16% ～ 7.46%,1.26% ～ 3.28% and 3.78% ～ 5.86% for VLDL-C, LDL-C and HDL-C, respectively. Between-runs CV were 8.35% ～ 11.25%, 2. 78% ～4. 08% and 4. 23% ～6. 36%, respectively. The linearity of this method was up to 10. 35 mmol/L total cholesterol. The recoveries were 90. 3%, 94. 3% and 89. 6%, respectively. No interference were observed when bilirubin( ＜ 342 μmol/L), hemoglobin( ＜ 20g/L) or triglyceride( ＜ 11.0 mmol/L) were added to pooled serum, respectively. There was good agreement between methods, with r = 0.9557 for HDL-C(electrophoresis method vs PTA-Mg2+ precipitation method),r = 0. 9609 for LDL-C (electrophoresis method vs PVS precipitation method) and r = 0. 9235 for Lp(a)-C (electrophoresis method) vs Lp(a) (ITA method). Conclusions The electrophoresis method offers a simple and inexpensive means of simultaneously measuring HDL-C, VLDL-C, Lp(a)-C and LDL-C.