Objective: Simulating the photon transport process, recording the distribution of the dose which is caused by various of interactions and secondary particles, summarizing and analyzing the weightiness of each contribution. Methods: The PENELOPE package provides the basic Monte Carlo(MC) code which simulates the processes of photon and electron transport Considering the concerned physical problems, the author modifies the PENELOPE program to simulate the track of photon transport process, meanwhile records the contribution of dose which is provided by various of interactions and secondary particles in this article. Results: Firstly, in the same condition, recording the distribution from 4 source different energies(30 keV, 40keV, 50 keV, 60 keV), the distribution of the central axis total dose and the distributions which are caused by secondary Soft collision and secondary hard inelastic collision, and the distribution of the central axis dose provided by secondary particles. Secondly, in the same condition, recording the distribution of the central axis dose caused by secondary Compton scattering and secondary Photonelectric scattering. Conclusion: In different source of energy, the distribution of the central axis dose proffered by secondary soft collision play a major role; the contribution of secondary Photonelectric scattering decreased with the ascent of energy; the contribution from the first generation secondary particles is stronger than others.

Animals ; Glutathione ; therapeutic use ; Guanidines ; therapeutic use ; Ischemic Postconditioning ; methods ; Male ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Sulfones ; therapeutic use

Objective To investigate the expression of CK19mRNA and CD44mRNA in peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer for forecasting micrometastasis. Methods Expression of CK19 and CD44 were detected in 107 patients by RT-PCR method. Results CK19 and CD44 were positive in 31.8%(34/107) and 32.7%(35/107) of patients with breast cancer 24 hours before surgery respectively,which were statistically different from that of 12 days postoperatively and that of normal controls (all P

Objective To study effects of multimodal analgesia on postoperative delirium (POD)in elder patients with hip fracture.Methods One hundred and eight elder patients with hip fractures were gathered in a prospective study.Fifty-nine cases were included in the group of multimodal analgesia (25 males,34 females),with an average age of 72.91±5.42 years,and 35 were treated with hip replacements,the other 24 were internal fixations.Forty-nine cases were in the group of conventional analgesia (22 males,27 females),with an average age of 72.14±4.93 years,29 were treated with hip replacements,20 were internal fixations.Assessments of delirium were based on confusion assessment method.Local infiltrated anesthesia,patient control intravenous analgesia,and intravenous nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug were applied in the group of multimodal analgesia.For the other group,morphine would be given only when patient complained pain or there was POD.Postoperatively,visual analogue scale (VAS),onset of delirium,other correlative data were recorded by an independent researcher.All patients underwent POD were managed with intensive pain management,and then reevaluated.Results VAS in multimodal analgesia group [Day1:2.10±1.43(resting),4.74±1.45 (active) and Day 3:1.01±0.92 (resting),3.31±1.36 (active)] were significandy lower than that in the other group [Day1:4.67±1.33 (resting),7.44±1.59 (active)and Day 3:2.24±1.39 (resting),5.06±1.46 (active)].PODs were detected in 15 (30.6％) in group of conventional analgesia; while in group of multimodal analgesia,there were 7 (11.9％).All POD were given intensive pain managements by injection of 10 mg morphine and achieved relief of deliriums.Conclusion Postoperative multimodal analgesia may reduce the incidence of POD.First aid of intensive pain management may help to control POD.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of infliximab plus methotrexate combination therpy in Chinese with rheumatoid arthritis patients.Methods This was a double-blind placebo-controlled phaseⅢclinical trial,173 patients who had active rheumatoid arthritis were randomised to placebo(n=86)or infliximab(n=87)group on a background of a stable dosage of methotrexate.Patients were assessed at weeks 0,2,6,14 and 18.Results At week 2,the American College of Rheumatology(20)response criteria,which represent a 20% improvement from baseline,the same results with swollen joint count,tender joint count,du- ration of morning stiffness,VAS score,CRP,ESR were achieved in 52.9% of patients,compared with 14.0% of patients receiving placebo plus methotrexate.A 20% improvement was achieved in 75.9% of infliximab plus methotrexate at week 18,compared with 48.8% of patients on placebo plus methotrexate(P=0.0003).A 50% improvement was achieved in 43.7% of infliximab plus methotrexate at week 18,compared with 25.6% of pa- tients on placebo plus methotrexate(P=0.011).Infliximab was well-tolerated;withdrawals for adverse events as well as the occurrence of serious adverse events or serious infections were similar to those in the placebo group.There was only one case of tuberculosis in the treatment group.Conclusion Treatment with infliximab plus methotrexate is more effective than methotrexate alone in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis.It has rapid onset of effect and the efficacy is persistent.

Objective To describe the clinical, neuroimaging and genetic profiles of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with frontotemporal lobe degeneration ( ALS-FTLD).Methods From August 2011 to May 2015, patients with FTLD or other types of neurodegenerative dementia were physically examined in detail and electromyography was performed to those with suspected dysarthria, limb atrophy or weakness.Cognitive and behavioral screenings were performed to all ALS patients.Patients with ALS-FTLD entered further analysis of neuroimaging and genetics.Results Among the 8 patients diagnosed as ALS-FTLD, 4 patients began with personality change or amnesia, while diseases in the remaining 4 cases began with limb weakness or dysarthria.Dementia type of 7 cases was behavioral variant FTLD ( bvFTD) and 1 case was diagnosed as semantic dementia.Electromyography of all the 8 patients showed diffuse neurogenic changes.Constructional neuroimaging of 6 patients showed cerebral atrophy predominantly in frontal and temporal lobes.Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography was conducted in 5 patients, indicating hypometabolism mainly in frontal and ( or) temporal lobes.NeuroQ analysis revealed that bilateral frontal lobes were the most hypometabolic areas for ALS-FTLD.Among 4 patients who underwent genetic screening, 1 patient was C9ORF72 mutation carrier.Conclusions bvFTD is the major type of dementia in the context of ALS.Metabolic neuroimaging could assist accurate diagnosis, and it reveals that bilateral frontal lobes are the most hypometabolic areas for ALS-FTLD.C9ORF72 gene mutation is an important pathogenic mutation for ALS-FTLD, although it is rare in Chinese population.

OBJECTIVETo develop a novel scaffolding method for the copolymers poly lactide-co-glycolide acid (PLGA) to construct a three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold and explore its biocompatibility through culturing Schwann cells (SCs) on it.

METHODSThe 3-D scaffolds were made by means of melt spinning, extension and weaving. The queueing discipline of the micro-channels were observed under a scanning electronic microscope (SEM).The sizes of the micropores and the factors of porosity were also measured. Sciatic nerves were harvested from 3-day-old Sprague Dawley (SD) rats for culture of SCs. SCs were separated, purified, and then implanted on PLGA scaffolds, gelatin sponge and poly-L-lysine (PLL)-coated tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) were used as biomaterial and cell-supportive controls, respectively. The effect of PLGA on the adherence, proliferation and apoptosis of SCs were examined in vitro in comparison with gelatin sponge and TCPS.

RESULTSThe micro-channels arrayed in parallel manners, and the pore sizes of the channels were uniform. No significant difference was found in the activity of Schwann cells cultured on PLGA and those on TCPS (P larger than 0.05), and the DNA of PLGA scaffolds was not damaged.

CONCLUSIONThe 3-D scaffolds developed in this study have excellent structure and biocompatibility, which may be taken as a novel scaffold candidate for nerve-tissue engineering.

Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Separation ; Cells, Cultured ; Lactic Acid ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Polyglycolic Acid ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Schwann Cells ; cytology ; Tissue Engineering ; methods ; Tissue Scaffolds

OBJECTIVETo demonstrate the chemical constituents of Alyxia sinensis.

METHODPhytochmical experiment was carried out, using column chromatograph technologies.

RESULTFive compounds have been isolated from the petroleum ether soluble part of the stems of A. sinensis. Their structures have been elucidated respectively as heptatriacontane(1), octatriacontane(2), 20-noatriacontannone(3), 20-nonatriacontanone(4), 20-tetraacontanoe(5), physcion(6), emodin(7), chrysophanol(8), coumarin(9), stigmasterol acetate(10), beta-sitosterol acetate(11), lupeol(12), betulin(13), stigmasterol(14), beta-sitosterol(15), ursolic acid(16), oleanolic acid(17).

CONCLUSIONAll these compounds are firstly been isolated from A. sinensis. And compound 5-9, 10, 11 are also been separated from Alyxiae genus for the first time.

Anthraquinones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Apocynaceae ; chemistry ; Emodin ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

Paeoniflorin is one of the bioactive components of Paeonia lactiflora, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. It is the main monoterpene glucoside isolated from the P. lactiflora in 1963. Since then, researchers have found that paeoniflorin has multifold pharmacological effects. In this review, based on the recent available papers published in PubMed and National Knowledge Infrastructure Data Base, we present the major current approaches in understanding the detection methodology, pharmacokinetics and pharmacology, and toxicology of paeoniflorin.
Animals ; Benzoates ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Bridged-Ring Compounds ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Glucosides ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Monoterpenes

OBJECTIVETo establish chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) for quantitative detection of procollagen III N-terminal peptide (P III NP) in serum.

METHODSA sandwich reaction was preformed with horseradish peroxidase labeled monoclonal antibody of P III NP as the catalytic enzyme and the luminol as the luminescence reagent. Several reactions liquid's concentration and reaction conditions were optimized. The method was evaluated in all aspects such as linear range, sensitivity, specificity, stability and so on. The CLEIA was compared with imported ELISA kits, by detecting clinical serum.

RESULTSThe linear range was 0.8-85 ng/ml. The detection limit was 0.5 ng/ml. Inter-assay and intra-assay RSD were both less than 10%. The recoveries of three different spiked concentration samples were 96.2%, 91.2% and 101.1%. After stored at 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C for 3, 5, 7 days, the analysis showed correlation coefficient higher than 0.99 and RSD lower than 6%. The detected results of clinical sera with CLEIA closely corresponded to those with imported ELISA.

CONCLUSIONEstablished CLEIA for quantity determination of serum P III NP has high accuracy, sensitivity and repeatability.

Adult ; Aged ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; analysis ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; instrumentation ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; blood ; diagnosis ; Luminescence ; Luminescent Measurements ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peptide Fragments ; blood ; chemistry ; Procollagen ; blood ; chemistry ; Sensitivity and Specificity