This paper aims to develop a method for the determination of aloe-emodin, rhein, chrysophanol and physcion and study the pharmacokinetic properties of four anthraquinones in rat plasma after oral administration of gardenia and rhubarb decoction. The plasma concentrations at different time points of four anthraquinones were determined by HPLC-FLD method. Plasma samples were extracted with liquid-liquid extraction procedure. Plasma samples were separated on a C18 column (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 μm), using 0.2% acetic acid and methanol as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min(-1) with gradient elution. The excitation and emission wavelengths were set at 430, 525 nm, respectively. DAS 2.0 software was applied to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters. The results showed four anthraquinones can be absorbed. The main parameters of aloe-emodin, rhein, chrysophanol and physcion were as follows: C(max) for aloe-emodin was (0.085 ± 0.058), (3.772 ± 1.152), (0.464 ± 0.267), (0.028 ± 0.008) mg x L(-1) respectively; t(max) for rhein was (1.042 ± 0.510), (0.805 ± 0.307), (1.167 ± 0.283), (0.616 ± 0.162) h respectively; t½ for chrysophanol was (3.557 ± 1.250), (6.879 ± 1.126), (5.196 ± 2.032), (4.337 ± 1.816) h; AUC(0-t) for physcion was (0.504 ± 0.130), (9.558 ± 1.106), (2.545 ± 1.554), (0.052 ± 0.018) mg x h x L(-1). This paper developed a selective, accurate and sensitive HPLC-FLD method for the simultaneous determination of four anthraquiones in rat plasma.
Animals ; Anthraquinones ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; instrumentation ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Purpose To study the clinicopathological features, immunophenotype and differential diagnosis of proximal epithelioid sarcoma (PES).Methods The clinical, radiological and pathological features were reviewed in 6 cases of PES.Results The patients consisted of five males and one female with ages ranging from 32 to 74 years (mean 56 years). Clinically, the tumor mass were progressively-growing solitary nodules with the fuctional disorder and pain. The sites of the tumor involvement were buttock (1 case), thigh (2 cases), iliac spine (1 case), lumbar spine (1 case) and anterior sacrum (1 case). Histologically, the tumors were mainly consisted of epithelioid cells with round or oval nuclei, prominent nucleoli and eosinophilic cytoplasm, some tumor cells appeared rhabdoid features. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for vimentin (6/6), CK (5/6), EMA (6/6),β-catenin (6/6), CD99 (5/6), and CD34 (4/6), but negative for S-100 protein, HMB 45, CD 117 and CD 31.Conclusion PES is a distinctive moderate grade malignant tumor with prominent epithelioid and rhabdoid cells appearance.The differential diagnoses include the tumors that have similar cellular appearance with PES, and immunohistochemical staining is useful for diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

Objective To analyze the positive rate of specific distribution characteristics in Rh blood group antibody,analyze the clinical significance of Rh blood group antibody and rules.Methods The micro column gel anti globulin technique was used to screen and identify irregular red blood cell antibodies,for patients with Rh blood group antibody,monoclonal anti-D,anti-C,anti-c, anti-E,anti-e were used to identify Rh blood group antigen to confirm the accuracy of detection.The antibody titer,Ig-type and 37℃ reactive were used to determine its clinical significance.Through asking pregnancy history,history of blood transfusion,under-standing whether the same specificity of the antibody in maternal plasma if the patient was newborn,the causes of antibody were an-alyzed.Results In 109 000 patients,Rh blood group antibodies were detected in 96 cases,the positive rate was 0.088%,which has a history of pregnancy in 68 cases,5 cases had history of blood transfusion,both pregnancy history and history of blood transfusion in 6 cases,1 7 cases of neonatal maternally derived antibody.Antibody specificity:65 cases of anti-E(67.710%),12 cases of anti-cE (12.500%),8 cases of anti-D (8.330%),7 cases of anti-c(7.291%),2 cases of anti-C (2.083%),2 cases of anti-e(2.083%).96 cases of Rh blood group antibodies were IgG or IgG+IgM class,37 ℃ reaction could be with the corresponding antigen of red blood cell,antibody titer between 4-2 048.Conclusion Anti-D detection rate shows a trend of gradually decreasing.In Rh blood group antibody detection,anti-E and anti-cE account for an absolute majority.Alloimmune caused by pregnancies and blood transfusion is the main reason of Rh blood group antibody production from Rh blood group antibody.Neonatal maternal passive getisa Rh-HDN is the main pathogenic antibody.

Adrenalectomy ; Adult ; Angiomyolipoma ; pathology ; surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology ; Kidney Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Ureter ; surgery

0.05).Frequencies of P12A12 genotype and A12 allele in DN group were significantly decreased respectively,when compared with DN-0 group(for P12A12 genotype,9.1% vs 18.1%,P=0.034,OR=0.453;for A12 allele,4.5% vs 9.0%,P=0.041,OR=0.479). Conclusion The observations suggest that P12A polymorphism of PPAR?2 gene is associated with Chinese type 2 diabetic nephropathy,and A12 allele may protect the development of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients of Chinese.

Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; virology ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; pathology ; virology

In the basis of a large amount of literatures, this article sumed up the characteristics and application of eggshell membrane.

Background Intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) can effectively eliminate central vein occlusion macular edema and improve visual acuity, and photopic negative response (PhNR) can reflect the inner retinal function of RGCs and their axons. It is possible there is a correlation between these two observations.Objective This study was to evaluate the changes of PhNR of flash electroretinogram (F-ERG) after intravitreal injection of TA for macular edema in central retinal vein occlusion ( CRVO ). Methods Thirteen eyes of 12 patients with macular edema caused by CRVO received an injection of 0. 1 ml (4 rg) of TA. PhNR,visual acuity and retinal thickness of macular area were assessed with Roland RETI scan 3. 15 system,decimal visual chart and Stratus optical coherence tomography (OCT) before and 4 weeks after the administration of TA. Written informed consent was obtained from each subject before any medical procedure. Results Visual acuity was improved in 12 eyes and stable in 1 eye 4 weeks following the intravitreal injection of TA. OCT showed that the retinal thickness of the macular area was reduced ;meanwhile,elevation of the amplitude of PhNR also was seen in the F-ERG after the administration of TA in comparison with before the administration of TA. The calculated results determined that the visual acuities were 0. 32t0. 12 and 0. 48±0. 09 (t=6. 325 ,P=0. 000) ,and the retinal thickness values of the macular area were (459.46± 131.31 ) μm and ( 297.54 ±43.31 ) μm ( t = 5.961, P = 0. 000 ), and the average amplitude of PhNR were ( 80. 23±22.96 ) μV and (61.28 ±20. 16 ) μV ( t = 4. 438, P = 0. 001 ) before and after the intravitreal injection of TA, respectively,showing significant differences. No significant correlation was found between PhNR amplitude and retinal thickness of the macular area both before and after the administration of TA ( before: r = 0. 587, P = 0. 035; after:r=-0. 011 ,P = 0. 971 ). Conclusion PhNR can be used for evaluating the status of inner retina after intravitreal injection of TA for macular edema of CRVO.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Huatan Tongluo Granule (HTG) on the expression of suppressors of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI) of phlegm-wind-stasis obstruction (PWSO) syndrome type.

METHODSSixty-six ACI patients of PWSO type admitted within 72 h were randomized into the treatment group (34 cases) and the control group (32 cases), they were treated with foundational therapeutics, but HTG was given additionally to patients in the treatment group. SOCS-3 expression was detected by ELISA before treatment (d0) and on the 3rd (d3) and 7th day (d7) of treatment; TNF-alpha expression was detected by chemiluminescence at dO and d7. Data were compared with the respective parameters obtained from 20 healthy persons as normal control. Meantime, the degree of neuro-deficit in the two groups was evaluated by NIH Stroke scale and Barthel index on d0, d7, d14 and d21.

RESULTSSOCS-3 expression at d0, d3, d7; and TNF-alpha expression at d0, d7 were higher in the two patients' groups significantly than in normal controls (P < 0.05). As compared with the control group, on d7, SOCS-3 expression was higher (360.98 +/- 123.31 ng/L vs. 281.87 +/- 133.66 ng/L) and TNF-alpha expression was lower (35.72 +/- 19.94 ng/L vs. 49.86 +/- 34.79 ng/L), while the NIHSS score on d7 and d14, as well as the Barthel index on d14 and d21 were lower in the treatment group (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe acting mechanism of HTG for promoting nerve function recovery of ACI patients is possibly and closely related with the up-regulation of the inflammation suppressive factor SOCS-3, the down-regulation of the inflammation promoting factor TNF-alpha, and the elimination of secondary inflammatory injury after cerebral ischemia.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cerebral Infarction ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism