Objective: To prepare Puerariae Radix Flavones Dropping Pills and to investigate the dissolution. Methods: Exterior quality, weight variation, and resolving time were used as comprehendsive evaluation indicators to select dropping conditions by orthogonal design. HPLC was used to determine the content of puerarin and rotating basket method was used to determine the dissolution rate in vitro of the dropping pills and tablets. Results: The optimal preparation conditions for the pills were as follows: proportion of drug and matrix was 1:3, drop rate was 20 d/min, the temperature of drug fluids was 80°C, the condensate tube outlet temperature was 50°C, dimethylsilicone was the refrigerant at the temperature of 10°C and 6 cm distance above liquid level. The content of peurarin in the dropping pills was 5.542 mg/g. The accumulated dissolution rate of puerarin in the dropping pills reached 98.81% in 20 min, while the accumulated dissolution rate of puerarin in tablets was only 10.70% in 20 min. Conclusion: The preparation process and HPLC determination method are simple, stable, and feasible. The dissolution rate of puerarin can be improved in the Dropping pills.

A bacterium which can effectively degrade LAS (Linear Sodium Alkylbenzenesulfonate) was isolated from washing powder manufacturing effluent and was preliminarily identified as Corynebacterium jeikeium GZ6. The bacterium can degrade LAS up to till 700 mg/L, and the optimum pH, temperature and concentration of LAS are 7.0, 30℃ and 400 mg/L, respectively. The biodegradation rate can reach 98.7% after 24 hours'cultivation in the suitable conditions. Experiments also showed that some heavy metal ions such as Hg2+ , Co2+ , Cd2+ can differently inhibit the degradation of LAS.

Co-processed excipients withgelatinized or non-gelatinized starch were prepared by spray drying. Powder and tablet properties of corocessed excipients prepared were compared with those of physical mixtures and spray-dried lactose. Their applicability in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) powder tableting was tested on two TCM extracts, i.e., the gardenia extract and the Herba Sedi extract. It was shown that gelatinizing starch before co-spray drying with lactose could improve the performance and efficiency of starch as a binder, resulting in remarkable improvement in physicomechanical properties of co-processed excipients prepared. Conpared to self-made and commercially available spray-dried lactose, co-processed excipients achieved better compactability and higher drug loading for TCM extracts. In conclusion, the lactose-gelatinized starch co-processed excipient, with excellent physicomechanical properties, is promising to be explored as a new excipient for direct tableting.
Excipients ; chemistry ; Lactose ; chemistry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Powders ; chemistry ; Starch ; chemistry ; Tablets ; chemistry

Objective To study the effect of prolactin(PRL) on the activation of T lymphocytes stmiulated by concanavalin A(ConA),and to explore the action of PRL in the activation of T lymphocytes. Methods After CD4 +T cell line JurkatE6-1 cells were respectively stmiulated by 5 mg/L ConA,25 ?g/L PRL and 500 ?g/L bromocriptine(Brc).The blank control group,the ConA group,the PRL and ConA group(PRL group),the Brc and ConA group(Brc group),the PRL and Brc group(PRL-Brc group) were set in the experiment.The total RNA was extracted by Trizol after 48 hours and was reversed transcription immediately.The expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6(TRAF6) mRNA of T lymphocytes was checked by PCR.The expressions of tumor necrosis factor(ligand) super family 4(TNFSF4) and Killer specific secretory protein of 37 000(KSP37) mRNA of T lymphocytes were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results The PRL group and the Brc group could inhibit the expressions of TRAF6,TNFSF4,and KSP37 mRNA of the activated T lymphocyte compared with the blank control group and the ConA group(P a0.05).The PRL-Brc group could inhibit significantly the expressions of TRAF6,TNFSF4,and KSP37 mRNA of the activated T lymphocyte compared with the ConA group(P a

Objective To investigate the methods and clinical significance of breast cancer treated with photodynamic.Methods From June to December in 2005,photodynamic therapy was used in 12 cases confirmed intramammary lymph node metastasis before operation and 15 cases confirmed chest wall recur- rences by means of lymph node imaging.Results The intramammary lymph node metastasis whose diameter between 0.5～1.0cm measured by lymph node imaging preoperatively completely disappeared when rechecked 3 months postoperatively.Chest wall recurrence regions of breast cancer whose diameter less than 1.0 cm completely remitted.Conclusion Photodynamic therapy is helpful to eliminate the intramammary lymph node metastasis and to cure the postoperative chest wall recurrence of breast cancer.

Humans ; Stress, Mechanical ; Thrombosis ; etiology

The main purpose of this paper is to explore the applicability of multivariate multilevel models for bioequivalence evaluation. Using an example of a 4×4 cross-over test design in evaluating bioequivalence of homemade and imported rosiglitazone maleate tablets,this paper illustrated the multivariate-model-based method for partitioning total variances of In (AUC) and In (C_(max)) in the framework of multilevel models. It examined the feasibility of multivariate multilevel models in directly evaluating average bioequivalence (ABE),population bioequivalence (PBE) and individual bioequivalenc (IBE). Taking into account the correlation between In (AUC) and In (C_(max)) of rosiglitazone maleate tablets,the proposed models suggested no statistical difference between the two effect measures in their ABE bioequivalence via joint tests,whilst a contradictive conclusion was derived based on univariate multilevel models. Furthermore,the PBE and IBE for both In (AUG) and In(C_(max)) of the two types of tablets were assessed with no statistical difference based on estimates of variance components from the proposed models. Multivariate multilevel models could be used to analyze bioequivalence of multiple effect measures simultaneously and they provided a new way of statistical analysis to evaluate bioequivalence.

Ethnicity ; Forensic Medicine ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic

Objectives:To evaluate essential medicines accessibility from the availability, drug price level and affordability perspective in Beijing. Methods:Data was collected from a sample of a Beijing social security database on diabetes in 2013 and a field research on 4 primary healthcare institutions. The essential medicine equipping rate, medium price ratio ( MPR) and poverty-inducing effect were selected as accessibility indicators. Results:Among 21 sample drugs, the nitrendipine, magnesium sulfate, sodium nitroprusside, prazosin, phentolamine and glyburide e-quipping rates are less than 15%. The 9 sample drugs MPR varied from 1. 3 to 27. 4. The hypertension, hyper-lipemia and diabete poverty-inducing rate varied from 0. 44% to 0. 70% in urban areas, and varied from 1. 17% to 1. 88% in rural areas. Conclusion:Some essential medicines in Beijing are equipped with a very low rate, but have a high price level, and the poverty-inducing population is large. We recommend strengthening the monitoring of es-sential medicines accessibility and introducing appropriate supporting policies.

Background Following the accelerated speed of population aging in China,the incidence of cataract is rising gradually.Researches indicated that senescenee marker protein-30 ( SMP-30 ) is closely associated with the occurring and developing of cataract. Objective This study was to investigate the expression of SMP-30 in human lens epithelial cells(LECs) of age-related cataract and study the relationship between SMP-30 and apoptosis.Methods Capsulotomy was performed on 80 eyes of 59 patients with simple cortex age-related cataract and 70 eyes of 53 age-matched patients with nucleus age-related cataract.The anterior capsular specimens were obtained by circularly capsulorhexis during the operation.Expressions of the SMP-30 protein and mRNA in the LECs of two types of cataract were detected using immunochemistry and real-time PCR respectively.Apoptosis of the LECs was assayed by TUNEL.The differences of expression of SMP-30 and apoptosis were compared between the two types of cataract.Results Immunochemistry showed that SMP-30 was expressed in cytoplasm of LECs.The expression intensity of SMP-30 was higher in the center zone compared with periphery zone.The apoptosis rate of LECs was significantly higher in the center of the anterior capsule than the periphery in both two types of cataract ( nucleus cataract:19.34％±0.11％ vs 8.32 ％ ± 0.57 ％,P =0.025 ; cortex cataract:42.07 ％ ± 0.86 ％ vs 13.55 ％ ± 0.64 ％,P =0.010 ).The expression amount of SMP-30 mRNA was lower at the periphery than the center of lens in both two types of cataract (nucleus cataract:45.21±2.79 vs 76.42±11.21,P=0.042 ;cortex cataract:108.32±4.32 vs 206.34±15.67,P=0.037 ),and that of nucleus cataract was significantly lower than cortex cataract (60.02±9.08 vs 157.33 ± 13.01,P =0.034),and the apoptosis rate of LECs was declined in the nucleus cataract group compared with the cortex cataract group ( 14.05％ ±0.22％ vs 27.70％ ±0.81％,P =0.007 ). Conclusions LECs apoptosis exists in age-related cataract.SMP-30 probably plays an important role in the formation of cataract.