The purpose of this paper is to outline the progress of gadolinium chelates used as extracllular, liver-specific, RES-specific, blood-pool and other tissue-specific contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on the basis of summing up the relevant research papers. Because of its safety and efficacy, the new development of tissue-specific contrast agent is the trend in the research of gadolinium chelates used as contrast agents for MRI.

Objective To investigate the differences of perfectionism in undergraduates with different background. Methods Stratified-random sampling was used to recruit 1 298 undergraduates from two colleges in Chongqing,and Chinese Frost multidimensional perfectionism scale (CFMPS) was applied to survey their perfectionism. Totally 1 245 questionaires were taken back and the response rate was 95.9%. Results There was significant difference of CFMPS score among those who were only child or not in their family (P=0.009),of different performance records (P=0.008) and different mother’s education background (P=0.001). Conclusion Perfectionism is a stable personality,and shows some significant differences among the undergraduates with different background.

HLA-B Antigens ; genetics ; HLA-B27 Antigen ; genetics ; Humans ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing ; genetics

BACKGROUND:Lycium barbarum polysaccharide, the main active component of leaves of lycium barbarum, has a remarkable therapeutic effect on osteoporosis in adult ovariectomized female rats.
OBJECTIVE:To explore effects of leaves ofLycium barbarum on serum estradiol and bone estrogen receptor expressions in adult oxariectomized female rats.
METHODS: Thirty-two 6-month-od female rats were randomized into sham-surgery, model, and treatment groups, respectively. Rat models of postmenopausal osteoporosis were induced by ovariotomy folowed by oraly administration of water solution of leaves ofLycium barbarum (500 or 1 000 mg/kg) or distiled water once daily for consecutive 12 weeks in treatment and model groups, respectively. Serum estradiol level was detected by radiation immunoassaymethod. Estrogen receptor α, β immunoreactivities in bone tissue were determined by immunohistochemical staining.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Serum estradiol level in the model group was significantly decreased compared with the sham-surgery group (P < 0.01), but that was significantly increased in the treatment groups, particularly at high dose, compared with the model group (P< 0.01). Estrogen receptor α, βimmunoreactivities were weaker in the model group than the sham-surgery group (P < 0.01), and those were stronger in the treatment groups than the model group (P < 0.01). Our results suggest that leaves of Lycium barbarum treat osteoporosis through enhancing serum estradiol and estrogen receptor expressions in adult ovariectomized rats.

Objective To report a case presented with atypical clinical and radiological appearance in the early stage and finally pathologically confirmed as chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids ( CLIPPERS) , aiming to improve the understanding of the disorder. Methods The clinical, imaging, laboratory and pathological features as well as treatment and prognosis of a pathologically confirmed CLIPPERS patient with repeated relapsing-remitting course and stepwise progression in nine years were retrospectively analyzed. Results There were five relapsing-remitting processes in total clinical course of nine years. The clinical and radiological appearance was atypical in the early stage. At the first attack, the patient presented with fever, headache, altered consciousness and epileptic seizure. In the following courses, the patient presented with ataxia, blurred vision and limb weakness. Brain MRI (2006-2009) showed multiple abnormal signals including supratentorial white matter, pons and cerebellum with patchy gadolinium enhancement. Treatment with steroids resulted in a favorable clinical and radiological improvement. The symptoms of this attack included limb weakness, blurred vision, dysdipsia and dysarthria. Physical examination showed cognitive dysfunction, multiple cranial nerves injuries and bilateral pyramidal signs. Brain MRI showed multiple abnormal signals involved pons and cerebellum predominantly as well as supratentorial white matter with punctate gadolinium enhancement peppering the pons and cerebellum. A characteristic predominantly T lymphocytic perivascular infiltration was seen on brain biopsy. Both the imaging and histological findings were consistent with the CLIPPERS features. High-dose steroids treatment was given and obvious clinical and radiological improvements were observed. After discharge, steroids were reduced slowly combined with the use of immunosuppressant to avoid relapse of the disorder. Conclusions There is heterogeneity in clinical manifestations of CLIPPERS with repeated relapsing-remitting course and imaging presentations are sometimes atypical in the early stage, which leads to the misdiagonsis and missed diagnosis. Distinctive pathology is the “gold standard” for definite diagnosis. The nosological position of CLIPPERS is still unclear. Repeated relapse-remitting leads to secondary cerebral atrophy and degeneration, with the risk of progressing to primary central nervous system lymphoma. Early and vigorous steroids treatment with continuing maintenance immunotherapy results in the decreased relapse and best long-term prognosis. The neurologist should strengthen the understanding of CLIPPERS for early correct diagnosis and treatment aiming to reduce the functional disability.

Objective:To determine the sensitivity of SMMC-7721 cells to mDRA-6,the synergistic damage effect of mDRA-6 and adriamycin on human hepatocellular carcimoma cell lines and its possible mechanism.Methods:SMMC-7721 cells were cultured with RPMI1640 medium in regular condition.The morphology was observed by microscope.Cytotoxicity was examined by MTT assay. Apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry.Results:(1)The apoptosis of SMMC-7721 cells could be induced by mDRA-6,1.89 ?g/ml of mDRA-6 cound kill 36% of the cells;(2)Concentration-dependent cytotoxicity of adriamycin was exhibited in SMMC-7721 cells;(3)The combination of mDRA-6 and adriamycin exhibited synergistic effect on SMMC-7721 cells.2 ?g/ml of mDRA6 and 40 ng/ml of adriamycin killed 60%SMMC-7721.Conclusion:MDRA-6 can induce SMMC-7721 cell apoptosis.The combination of mDRA-6 and adriamycin exhibit synergistic effect on SMMC-7721 cells.

Calcitonin ; blood ; Fluorine ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Osteocalcin ; blood

Objective To explore the prognostic value of the content of lentil lectin-reactive alphafetoprotein-L3(AFP-L3)in early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods According to the content of alpha.fetoprotein(AFP)and AFP-L3 before the treatment,97 patients with early-stage HCC were divided into group A(AFP＞20 μg/L & AFP-L3＜15%,n=29),group B(15%≤AFP-13≤50% & 20 μg/L≤AFP≤200 μg/L,n=16),group C(AFP-13＞50%& AFP＞200 μg/L,n=13),group D(AFP-L3＞50% & 20 μg/L≤AFP≤200 μg/L,n=24)and group E(15%≤AFP-L3≤50%& AFP＞200 μg/L,n=15).The degree of tumor differentiation,the 1-,2-,3-year survival rates and tumor-free survival rates of the patients were analyzed.Results The degree of tumor differentiation.3-year survival rate and tumor-free survival rate of patients in group A were significantly higher than those in the other 4 groups(χ2=21.051,10.043,4.450,6.977,25.566,P＜0.05).The degree of tumor differentiation,1-,2-,3-year survival rates and tumor-free survival rates of the patients in group C and D were significantly lower than those in other 3 groups(χ2=7.938,3.488,9.085.P＜0.05).Conclusions The increase of AFP-L3 content is closely related to poorly differentiated HCC and bad prognosis.especially when the AFP Ievel is low.The detection of AFP-L3 content before and after operation is beneficial to the evaluation of the prognosis of HCC patients.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate a expanded reverse island flap with a saphenous neuro-vascular pedicle for repairing the defects of the feet and ankles.

METHODSAn expanded reverse island skin flap, with the Six saphenous neuro-vascular pedicle, was designed to repair the skin defects on the feet and ankles.

RESULTSpatients with the defects of the feet and ankles were treated with the expanded saphenous island flap and all of the The expanded reversed island skin flaps were survived. The largest flap size was 12 cm x 10 cm.

CONCLUSIONSflap could be a good option for repairing the defects of the feet and ankles.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Ankle Injuries ; surgery ; Child ; Female ; Femoral Nerve ; surgery ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Skin Transplantation ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; surgery ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; innervation ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND:Heart valve surgery combined with coronary artery bypass grafting has been gradual y used for treatment of coronary heart disease combined with cardiac valve disease.
OBJECTIVE:To retrospectively summarize the experience of combined coronary artery bypass grafting and valvular procedure.
METHODS:Total y 51 patients who underwent combined heart valve surgery and coronary artery bypass grafting were retrospectively analyzed, including 10 cases with aortic valve replacement, 14 cases with mitral valve replacement, eight cases with mitral valve replacement combined with tricuspid annuloplasty, four cases with aortic valve and mitral valve replacement, three cases with aortic valve and mitral valve replacement combined with tricuspid annuloplasty, seven cases with mitral valvuloplasty, and five cases with mitral valvuloplasty combined with tricuspid annuloplasty.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Biovalve replacement was performed in nine patients, mechanical valves replacement in 31 cases, mitral valvuloplasty in 11 cases and tricuspid annuloplasty in 16 cases. There were total y 109 bypass graft vessels, and the average number of coronary artery bypass grafts was (1.92±0.73) branches. Four cases died within 30 days postoperatively, and 47 patients were successful y discharged from the hospital. Forty-five of 47 discharging patients were fol owed for 3-48 months. One case died of cerebral infarction within 6 months postoperatively, and another case died of cardiac dysfunction over 1 year after operation. The heart function of 45 survival patients was significantly improved. The comprehensive analysis showed that improving the heart function preoperatively, strengthening myocardial protection, shortening operation and myocardial ischemia time, and complete revascularization are the key factors for successful operation.