Objective To investigate a simple and dependable approach to establish the hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy model in neonatal rat. Methods Twenty-one neonatal rats of 7 days old were randomly divided into control group,hypoxic group,and hypxic-ischemic group.Every group was randomly divided into 3 hours,6 hours,1 day,3 days,7 days, 14 days,and 21 days group,according to the time of killing.Left common carotid artery of neonatal rats at age of 7 days in hypoxic-ischemic group were ligated.Then,the rats in hypoxic and hypoxic-ischemic group were put in a state of 8% oxygen for 2.5 hours. Brain tissues of rats in 3 groups were observed with HE staining under light microscope.Results In hypoxic-ischemic group,there was found mild brain damage after hypoxic-ischomic 3 hours,the brain lesion was most severe at 1 day,glial cell proliferation was found at 3 days,much neur were losed at 14,21 days,and colloid scar was formed in cortex,striatum and hippocampi.Conclusion The method that left common carotid ontery of neonatal rats were ligated and then put in 8% oxygen for 2.5 hours is simple, rapid and dependable, which can be applied widely.

Objective To investigate the characters of culture of neural stem cells(NSCs) from neonatal rats in different states in vitro.Methods Forty-two neonatal rats at age 7 days were divided randomly into 3 groups as control group,hypoxic group and hypoxic-ischemic group,each having 14 rats.Forteen rats of every group divided randomly into 7 small groups,each including 3 h,6 h,1 d,3 d,(7 d),14 d and 21 d,according to the time to put to death,each having 2 rats.After builting rat models of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy,NSCs from hippocampus in 3 groups were isolated,then cultured,passed,differentiated and differentiated with single cell clone and immunocytochemistry tecnique.Results NSCs in hippocampus from 3 groups were cultured in form of typical neuraospheres in suspension.The cells could be cloned,passed continuously and induced.There were differences among 3 groups when primary NSCs were cultured at 3 h and 6 h time points.But at 1 d,3 d,7 d,14 d and 21 d time points,clony neuraospheres from primary NSCs in hypoxic group were the most among 3 groups while clony neuraospheres from primary NSCs in hypoxic-ischemic group were the lest.Conclusions NSCs from hippocampus of neonatal rats in different states remain to be cultured,meanwhile,NSCs are decreased with increase of age,elongation of illness course and progress of state of an illness.

OBJECTIVETo study growth characteristics of neural stem cells (NSCs) from subventricular zone (SVZ) of the different human fetal brain at different gestational age and to provide experimental and theoretical evidences for clinical application of NSCs for treatment of certain diseases.

METHODSNinety human embryos at gestational age 16 - 36 weeks were collected and were divided into six groups according to gestational age: 16 w, 20 w, 24 w, 28 w, 32 w and 36 w. Each group had 15 embryos and brain tissues were taken from each embryo's SVZ. All subjects had congenital heart disease or digestive tract abnormity diagnosed with B ultrasound at antepartum, but none had abnormal development of brain. Pregnant mother and her husband desire termination of pregnancy. The morphology, existing mode and the number of neural stem cells in subventricular zone were examined with immunohistochemical method. The NSCs in subventricular zone were cultured, passaged and differentiated with cell culture technique, then were identified with immunohistochemical method.

RESULTSNSCs in SVZ from the different human fetal brain existed in a scattered manner in the network formed by stellate cells, NSCs had round, ellipse and fusiform shape, especially in stellate shape. NSCs had larger and smaller size and distributed in dense or scattered forms, each having zero to two enations, most had one or two. NSCs had less cytoplasm. The nucli of the NSCs had a round shape with loose chromatin and 1 - 4 nucleoli. Most of NSCs existed in singular scattered form, some of them showed symmetrical or asymmetrical division, some of them showed synaptic connection with other NSCs. The number of NSCs in SVZ from groups with different fetal age decreased with increasing gestational age (chi(2) = 4644.602, P < 0.01). NSCs in SVZ from the different human fetal brain cultured with serum-free medium formed typical neurospheres in suspension. The cells could be passaged continuously, and could express nestin antigen. Serum-contained medium induced neural stem cells to differentiate and express specific antigens of neuron, astrocyte and oligodendrocyte.

CONCLUSIONSNSCs existed in SVZ of human embryos at different gestational age. There are differences in morphology, existing pattern and the number of NSCs in SVZ at different gestational age. NSCs in SVZ at different gestational age may be cultured in vitro.

Age Factors ; Astrocytes ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebral Ventricles ; cytology ; Female ; Fetal Stem Cells ; Fetus ; cytology ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intermediate Filament Proteins ; metabolism ; Male ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; metabolism ; Nestin ; Neurons ; Oligodendroglia ; Pregnancy

This paper describes a type of blood pressure monitor we have developed using 8031 chip microprocessor based on oscillometric method and the designs of hardware and software. Comparing the measurement results of oscillometric method with that of direct invasive measurement method, we find that the monitor is very useful in clinical applications. Finally in the paper, some improvements that can be made in the monitor are proposed.
Algorithms ; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory ; instrumentation ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Microcomputers ; Oscillometry ; Software Design

OBJECTIVETo establish a neonatal rat model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and clarify the changing features of neural stem cells (NSCs) in episodes of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) so as to provide experimental and theoretical evidences for treating HIE by applying NSCs at the appropraite time.

METHODSTotally 210 neonatal rats aged 7 d were divided randomly into three groups, normal control group, hypoxic group and hypoxic-ischemic group with 70 rats in each. According to the time of sacrefice, 70 rats of every group were further divided randomly into seven groups including third hour (3 h), the sixth hour (6 h), first day (1 d), third day (3 d), the seventh day (7 d), the fourteenth day (14 d) and the twenty-first day (21 d), with 10 rats in each subgroup. The left common carotid artery of the neonatal rats in hypoxic-ischemic group was ligated and those in the hypoxic group were subjected to inhalation of 8% oxygen for 2.5 h. NSCs from brain tissues of the rats of the three groups were determined with HE staining and immunohistochemical method under light microscope.

RESULTSMost of neonatal rats in hypoxic-ischemic group behaved turning to the left stably 1 h after normal concentration of oxygen was given. In hypoxic-ischemic group, slight brain injury occurred at 3 h, severe brain injury appeared at 1 d, glial cells proliferated at 3 d and 7 d, brain atrophy was found at 14 d and 21 d. NSCs existed in brain tissues of rats in all the three groups. NSCs in normal control and the hypoxic group mainly distributed in hippocampus, subventricular tissues, striatum and cortex. But NSCs in hippocampus located in layers of molecule, cone cell and inner granular cell. NSCs in hypoxic-ischemic group showed obvious regional distribution, less in the regions with pathological changes. At 3 h, 6 h and 14 d, there was no difference in the number of NSCs between hypoxi and hypoxic-ischemic group. At 1 d, 3 d and 7 d, there was a highly significant difference in the number of NSCs between hypoxic and hypoxic-ischemic group. At 21 d, there was a significant difference in the number of NSCs between hypoxic and hypoxic-ischemic group, meanwhile, there was a significant difference in the number of NSCs between control and hypoxic group. At 3 d, there was a very significant difference in the number of NSCs between control and hypoxic-ischemic group. At 7 d and 21 d points, there was a highly significant difference in the number of NSCs between control and hypoxic group.

CONCLUSIONThe neonatal rat model of HIE was successfully established. NSCs increased in earlier period and decreased in later period of HIE, ultimately, NSCs located in the injured regions died one after anotner. Hypoxia induces NSCs' proliferation.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Atrophy ; Brain ; pathology ; Carotid Artery, Common ; surgery ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; pathology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ligation ; Multipotent Stem Cells ; pathology ; Neuroglia ; pathology ; Neurons ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Time Factors

Objective To investigate the preoperative anxiety relevant factors of the facial nerve microvascular decompression patients,so as to propose targeted care measures.Methods SAS was used to investigate 80 facial nerve microvascular decompression patients of their preoperative anxiety status,postoperative complications 3 days after surgery and on discharge,and length of stay,and the correlation was analyzed.Results The results showed that 4 cases had mild anxiety,32 had moderate anxiety and 44 had severe anxiety.29 cases had uroschesis and 51 did not.54 cases had nausea and vomiting and 26 did not.72 cases had headache and 8 did not.10 cases had no fever,27 had lower fever,31 had moderate fever and 12 had hyperpyrexia.2 cases were hospitalized for 7 days,43 cases for 8 days,33 cases for 9 days,and 2 cases for 10 days.All factors above were related to the anxiety status (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The preoperative anxiety status of facial nerve microvascular decompression patients is influenced by their gender,economic status,payment methods for hospitalization and nature of work,and can affect their postoperative recovery,thus preoperative psychological care should be strengthened for them.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and therapy of Keutel syndrome, and thereby to minimize the misdiagnosis.

METHODData of a case of Keutel syndrome diagnosed at the Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University were analyzed and related literature were reviewed.

RESULTAn 8-month-26-day-old boy was presented with inspiratory and expiratory stridor and wheezing after movement on lung auscultation. His craniofacial appearance was characterized by midfacial hypoplasia with a broad depressed nasal bridge. The nose was small and flat. A grade 2-3/6 systolic murmur was heard between the second and third ribs at left edge of the sternum. The end phalanges of his fingers were thickened. Chest radiograph showed tracheobronchial cartilage calcification and tracheobronchial stenosis. Echocardiographic examination revealed the right pulmonary stenosis. With endoscopic surgery, antiobstructive and antibiotic therapy clinical symptoms were improved. Three weeks later he died of lung reinfection after he was discharged from our hospital. English literature search with "Keutel syndrome" as the key word at "PubMed" showed 22 articles covering 26 patients, and the clinical symptoms were hearing loss (91%), persistent respiratory symptoms (68%), recurrent otitis media/sinusitis (67%), growth development delay (52%) in turn, and signs were brachytelephalangism (100%), low nasal bridge (95%), midfacial hypoplasia (93%), cardiac murmur (69%), and auxiliary examinations showed abnormal cartilage calcification (100%), pulmonary arterial stenosis (72%), tracheobronchial stenosis (50%).

CONCLUSIONThe diagnosis of Keutel syndrome should be considered in patients with brachytelephalangism, abnormal cartilage calcification, peripheral pulmonary stenosis, and midfacial hypoplasia. Tracheal stenosis was main clinical manifestation in part of patients.

Abnormalities, Multiple ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; therapy ; Bone and Bones ; diagnostic imaging ; Calcinosis ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; therapy ; Cartilage ; diagnostic imaging ; Cartilage Diseases ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; therapy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Hand Deformities, Congenital ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; therapy ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Tracheal Stenosis ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging

OBJECTIVETo investigate clinical characteristics, EEG changes and therapeutic response of benign infantile epilepsy and to study the early diagnostic methods.

METHODSClinical observation and Video-EEG monitoring were carried out in babies with convulsions at 3 - 24 months of age. In these children, febrile convulsion, symptomatic epilepsies and developmental abnormalities were excluded, and the therapeutic effect and long-term outcome were followed up.

RESULTSForty-two babies were diagnosed to have benign infantile epilepsy by two-year follow-up. Three of them had familial history of benign infantile convulsions. Nineteen percent had mild diarrhea during the onset of convulsions, cluster seizures occurred during a short period in 67% of cases and no status epilepticus occurred. Video-EEG monitoring confirmed seizures originating from temporal, occipital or multifocal areas separately in 3 patients with partial seizures. Interictal EEG background was normal and there were Rolandic small spikes during sleep in 24% of patients. Thirty-nine patients were treated with single antiepileptic drugs and the mean treatment course was 9 months. Three cases did not take medicine. All the patients were seizure free within a year.

CONCLUSIONBenign infantile epilepsy should be considered when the following characteristics occur in early stage of the disease: (1) convulsions occurring between 3 to 12 month of age and not later than 24 months of age with or without familial history of benign infantile convulsion; (2) normal psychomotor development before and after convulsion occurs; (3) no evoked factors or only mild diarrhea; (4) majority of cases have partial seizures, or secondary generalized seizures. There are often cluster convulsions during the onset stage, but no status epilepticus; (5) normal EEG background and there may be Rolandic small spikes during sleep; (6) normal neuroimaging.

Anticonvulsants ; therapeutic use ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsies, Myoclonic ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of low pre-pregnant lead exposure level on the mobilization of lead and calcium in maternal skeleton during gestation and lactation in mice.

METHODSSeventy Kunming female mice were randomly divided into the lead exposure or control groups, 36 mice were exposed to lead by drinking water (50 mg/L) and 36 mice were exposed to deionized water for 4 weeks. The levels of calcium and lead in blood and femurs were measured on the 1st, 7th and 14th days during gestation and on the 1st,10th and 21st days during lactation with atomic absorption spectrophotometry using a heated graphite atomizer or flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

RESULTSAs compared with the pre-pregnant, at the end of lactation in exposure group the levels of calcium in blood and bones significantly decreased 18.5% and 17.75%, respectively, the levels of lead in blood significantly increased 65.22% and the levels of lead in bones significantly decreased 28.45% (P < 0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between the blood lead level and the bone lead level during gestation and lactation in exposure group (r = -0.904, P < 0.01). There were significant differences of lead and calcium levels during the gestation and lactation between exposure group and control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe lead mobilization in maternal bone occurred during gestation and lactation in mice, which could be accelerated by the low pre-pregnant lead exposure.

Animals ; Bone Remodeling ; drug effects ; Bone and Bones ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Calcium ; blood ; metabolism ; Calcium, Dietary ; Female ; Lactation ; Lead ; blood ; toxicity ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate the stability of oridonin (ORI) solution for research and development of novel ORI prepartions.

METHODThe effect of pH on the degradation rate of ORI was evaluated, the pH values of the oridonin solutions were adjusted to the setting pH, with 1 mol x L(-1) HCl or NaOH, respectively, and stored at room temperature for 60 h. The constant temperature method was applied to evaluate the stability of ORI solution at room temperature and at 4 degrees C.

RESULTThe pH-rate profile of ORI was V-shaped, and the pHm was 5. The t90 of ORI solution at room temperature was 53.2 h and 91.5 h at 4 degrees C CONCLUSION: The ORI solution is not stable. The pH-dependent degradation of ORI solution confirms to specific acid-base catalysis reaction.

Diterpenes, Kaurane ; chemistry ; Drug Stability ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Solubility ; Solutions ; Temperature ; Time Factors ; Water ; chemistry