In the process of positron emission tomography (PET) data acquiring, respiratory motion reduces the quality of PET imaging. In this paper, we present a correction method using three level grids B-spline elastic method to correct denoised and reorganized sinograms for respiratory motion correction. Using GATE simulates NCAT respiratory motion model to generate raw data which are used in experiment, the experiment results showed a significantly improved respiratory image with higher quality of PET, and the motion blur and structural information were fixed. The results proved the method of this paper would be effective for the elastic registration.
Algorithms ; Elasticity ; Humans ; Movement ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Respiration

Objective To detect the antitumor activity against SW620 and syngenic colon cancer SW480 by a fusion of human metastatic colon cancer SW620 cells and human peripheral blood-derived dendritic cells (DCs). Methods SW620 cells and human peripheral blood- derived DCs were fused with polyethylene glycol(PEG). The fusion cells were confirmed by "phenotypes determine, morphologic observation, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte response induced by the fusion were studied. Results Mature DCs with highly expressed surface markers (HLA-ABC, HLA-DR and CD80, CD86, CD83) were generated in vitro. The fusion of SW620 cells with DC resulted in a hybrid cell with morphologic as well as phenotypic characteristics of both DC and tumor cells. Flow cytometry showed that the highest fusion efficiency was 27. 12%. CTL assay demonstrated that the DC/SW620 fusion induced specific cytotoxic responses against the SW620 and SW480 cells. Conclusion The fusion of tumor cells with DCs induces tumor rejection.

Objective To observe the changes of the depressive behavior and amygdaloid nucleus nerve growth factor(NGF)expression in estro?gen?deprived female rats and explore the possible mechanism and targets of estradiol in depression treatment. Methods A total of 30 adult SD fe?male rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups:sham operation group(SHAM,n=10);ovariectomized group(OVX,n=10)and ovariectomized rats treated with estradiol group(OVX+E,n=10). The behavior changes were observed by tail suspension test(TST)and sucrose preference test (SPT) after 8?week estradiol treatment. Subsequently ,immunohistochemical staining detect NGF expression in amygdaloid nucleus. Results Compared with the SHAM group rats,sucrose preference ratio significantly decreased in SPT(P<0.01),immobile time prolonged in TST(P<0.01),serum estradiol level and amygdaloid NGF expression significantly decreased(all P<0.01). 8?week estradiol treatment ameliorated depres?sion?like behavior and increased serum E2 level and NGF expression in amygdaloid nucleus in OVX+E group rats when compared with the OVX group(all P<0.01). Conclusion Estradiol treatment can improve the depressive behavior of ovariectomized rats ,which may be related to the in?crease of serum estradiol level and the expression of NGF in amygdaloid nucleus.

Objective:The aim is to establish L-glutamate specific aminotransferase-L-glutamate dehydrogenase coupling 96-well high throughput screening method,which is applied to molecular evolution of aminotransferase WecE from E.coli.Methods:An optical assay for aminotransferase catalytic activity based on aminotransferase-glutamate dehydrogenase coupling system is established by optimization of coupling enzyme loading,signal molecule NADH concentration and coupling time.Mutants library of WecE is obtained by sitedirected saturation mutagenesis.Positive mutants can be screened out through 96-well preliminary screening and flask second screening.Results:The target transamination reaction is coupled with L-glutamate dehydrogenase indicative reaction system which consists of 0.5 U/ml enzyme loading and 0.4 mmol/L NADH.A positive mutant Y321F whose catalytic activity increases 3.4 fold compared to that of wild type is screened out in Tyr 321 saturation mutagenesis library of WecE.Conclusion:An accurate high throughput screening method with weak background interference is established.It offers feasible solution for molecular evolution of L-glutamate specific aminotransferase.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of masking therapy for the early stage of the patients with noise-induced tinnitus,and imply the treatment for patients with noise-induced tinnitus. METHOD: Sixty-eight cases with tinnitus were studied. All the patients took the audiological examinations and tinnitus tests firstly, and accepted the masking therapy for 6 months. The therapeutic effiency was evaluated according to tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) and subjective visual-analogue scale (VAS). The minimum masking intensity was also evaluated. RESULT: The majority of the patients with noise-induced tinnitus (59 cases, 86. 8%) had tinnitus frequency of 4 kHz,and most of them (44 cases, 64. 7%) had positive residual inhibition tests. Tinnitus completely disappeared in 3 cases after masking therapy, and the efficiency of this treatment is 83. 8%. There was significant difference in the scores of THI and VAS before and after therapy(P<0. 01), and there was also significant difference in the minimum masking intensity (P<0. 01). CONCLUSION Masking therapy is the most important treatment for the patients in the early stage of noise-induced tinnitus. The therapeutic effiency is significant and should be promoted.
Humans ; Noise ; adverse effects ; Tinnitus ; etiology ; therapy

OBJECTIVE: To analyze and summarize nystagmus of patients with posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) in positioning test,and to improve the diagnosis and treatment of posterior canal BPPV (PSC-BPPV). METHOD: The present study was conducted on 175 patients who had unilateral BPPV of the posterior semicircular canal (PSC). Their positional nystagmus recorded by videnonystagmography in Dix-Hallpike test,roll test and roll over test were analyzed to summarize the characteristics of nystagmus on nystagmograph of PSC-BP-PV. RESULT: Of the 175 patients, lesion was located in the left PSC in 69 (39.4%) patients,the right PSC in 106 (60. 6%)patients. The nystagmus of patients with PSC-canalithiasis showed upward on the vertical phase of nystagmograph and orientated the different side on horizontal phase in the head hangging position. The horizontal phase pointed to the contralateral side in 47(26. 9%) patients, the ipsilateral contralateral side in 100(57. 1%) patients,no significant reverse ingredients in 28(16.0%) patients. When these patients returned to sit,139(79.4%) patients showed down beating positioning nystagmus, whereas 36 (20. 6%) patients with no nystagmus only had a short vertigo or dizziness. The horizontal phase of the 139 patients pointed to the contralateral side in 40(22. 9%) patients,the ipsilateral contralateral side in 68(38. 9%) patients,no significant reverse ingredients in 31(17. 7%) patients. In roll test,12 patients of the right PSC-BPPV presented an up-beating rotatory nystagmus when the head turned to right,and 5 patients of the left PSC-BPPV presented a down-beating rotatory nystagmus when the head turned to left. When the patients changed body from the left lateral position to the right lateral position in the roll over test, 74(42. 3%) patientsshowed vertical positioning nystagmus. In 30 patients who presented an up-beating nystagmus, there were 25(83. 3%) patientscame from the right PSC-BPPV. In 44 patients who presented a down-beating nystagmus, there were 36(81. 8%) patientscame from the left PSC-BPPV. The direction of the vertical nystagmus was highly correlated with the judgment about the side of the PSC-BPPV in roll over test (P<0. 01). CONCLUSION The patient with PSC-canalithiasis showed an uncertain direction in torsional nystagmus in Dix-Hallpike test,the diagnosis was mainly concern with the vertical nystagmus. When we found a rotatory nystagmus with much more up-beating nystagmus in roll test, it might be PSC-BPPV. We also can use the roll over test to diagnose the location of the otolith in which side of the PSC-BPPV.
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo ; complications ; Dizziness ; Electronystagmography ; Face ; Head ; Humans ; Nystagmus, Physiologic ; Otolithic Membrane ; Patient Positioning ; Semicircular Canals ; Vertigo ; Vestibular Function Tests

Objective To investigate audiological characteristics of patients with intact tympanic membranes and conductive or mixed hearing loss .Methods A retrospective study was carried out among 30 patients (42 ears) with intact tympanic membranes and conductive or mixed hearing loss who underwent exploratory tympanotomy . The preoperative outcomes of pure tone audiometry ,tympanometry ,resonant frequency of middle ear and temporal bone CT scan were analyzed .Results Among 42 ears ,30 ears with otosclerosis and 12 ears with ossicular chain dis-ruption were confirmed in exploratory tympanotomy ,but only 5 ears showed positive findings in CT scan .The mean thresholds of bone conduction ,air conduction and air -bone gap at frequencies of 0 .5 ,1 and 2 kHz were 27 .5 ± 1 .3 dB HL ,67 .0 ± 1 .8 dB HL ,39 .5 ± 1 .1 dB HL ,respectively .An analysis of tympanometric data of all patients re-vealed that 50% of all ears (21/42) were type A tympanograms ,42 .9% (18/42) were type As tympanograms ,and 7 .1% (3/42) were type Ad tympanograms .The mean of the resonant frequency of the middle ear in otosclerositic patients (1 079 .0 ± 67 .4 Hz) was significantly higher than ossicular chain disruption patients (633 .3 ± 43 .6 Hz) . Conclusion Otosclerosis is the most common in the patients with intact tympanic membranes and conductive or mixed hearing loss .The middle ear resonant frequency of otosclerositic patients is significantly higher than that of ossicular chain disruption patients .

AIM: To assess the effect of RNAi on suppressing the exogenous reporter gene expression in mammalian neurons,and explore the effect of siRNA quantitation on interference efficiency.METHODS: Exogenous green fluorescent protein(GFP) expression vector was transferred into neuro-2a cells,and then the small interference RNA targeting GFP mRNA(siGFP) synthesized by transcription in vitro at three different concentration was used in this experiment.RESULTS: The results showed that the neuro-2a cells can be transfected efficiently and siGFP can inhibit GFP expression greatly.CONCLUSION: RNAi can be applied into mammalian neurons successfully.The research on siRNA quantitation will provide technique support for studying the gene function of neurons in the future.

Objective To investigate the anti-tumor efficiency of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) induced by activated B lymphocyte after hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) alpha fetoprotein (AFP) mRNA transfection.Methods B lymphocytes were fractionated,purified and activated by recombinant human soluble sCD40L.PGEM4Z/AFP/A64-EGFP plasmid was established in vitro,mixed with polymerase T7RNA,and then transcribed into AFP mRNA with Poly (A) sequence.B lymphocytes electrotransfected with AFP mRNA were in the experimental group,B lymphocytes electrotransfected with GAPDH mRNA were in the negative control group,and untreated B lymphocytes were in the blank control group.The expressions of antigen-presenting cell (APC)markers (CD19,CD20,CD21,CD40,CD80,CD83) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the 3 groups were detected.B lymphocytes of the 3 groups were cultured with T lymphocytes at ratios of 1∶40,1 ∶ 20,1∶10 and 1∶5 to induce and ampify CTL,and then the absorbance values were detected to evaluate the proliferation ability of T lymphocytes.The killing activity of CTL was investigated with HCC cell line SMMC7721 as the target cells.All data were analyzed using the paired t test,one-way analysis of variance or Tamhane's T2 test.Results The expressions of CD19,CD20,CD21,CD40,CD80 and CD83 of the experimental group were 74 ± 11,78 ±8,80 ± 10,90 ± 11,82 ± 6,56 ± 5,which were significantly higher than 51 ± 5,60 ± 7,53 ± 5,73 ± 8,50 ± 5 and 49 ± 6 of the negative control group,and 46 ± 3,54 ± 5,41 ± 3,56 ± 5,52 ± 6 and 21 ± 4 of the blank control group (t =5.302,4.812,7.627,5.932,9.142,7.813; 11.581,7.036,13.592,12.873,9.235,14.619,P ＜ 0.01).The proliferation of CTL of the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the negative control group and blank control group (t =18.203,23.714,15.062,9.417 ; 16.833,19.392,13.871,6.592,P ＜0.01).When the T lymphocytes were mixed with the HCC cell line SMMC7721 at the ratios of 40∶ 1,20∶1and 10∶1,the killing rates of HCC cells by CTL of the exprimental group were 43％ 4％,32％ ± 4％ and 22％ ±3％,which were significantly higher than 15％ ± 5％,7％ ± 3％ and 6％ ±2％ of the negative control group,and 7％±3％,8％±3％ and 9％±4％ of the blank control group (t =9.141,13.272,11.901; 14.372,12.835,9.507,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Activated B lymphocytes after HCC AFP mRNA transfection may effectively induce CTL to kill HCC cells.

Objective To explore hemodynamic parameter changes in pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH)treated by transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MMSCs)in the experimental rats.Methods MMSCs cells were collected from bone marrow of Sprague-Dawleye(SD)rat's femoral and tibial bones,cultured and passaged in vitro,then stained by Hoechst 33342 fluorescence dye stuff.Ninety healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=30):normal control group(group N),MMSCs transplanted group(group M),PAH model group(group H).The rats in the two latter groups were given a single subcutaneous crotaline(50 mg/kg)to establish the model of PAH.The rats of group N were injected respectively a single subcutaneous 9 g/L saline water(6 mL/kg).After 21 days,5?109 L-1 MMSCs cultured in 1 mL phosphate-buffered saline were infused into the rats respectively in group M by sublingual vein and 1 mL L-DMEM was given in group H.The indexalso of right ventricle systolic pressure(RVSP),right ventricle hypertrophy index,arterial blood gas analysis and the changes of small pulmonary blood vessel were observed after 28 days.Results The administration of MMSCs 28 days after PAH nearly completely prevented the increase in RVSP with PAH alone [(32.20?2.32)mmHg vs(48.30?1.56)mmHg P