Cognition Disorders ; chemically induced ; Humans ; Manganese ; toxicity ; Manganese Poisoning ; epidemiology

This article firstly established a new efficient method for screening anti-osteoporosis ingredients, which used two-dimensional zebrafish model combined with hyphenated chromatographic techniques to evaluate anti-osteoporosis activities of epimedin A and its metabolite baohuoside I. Adult zebrafish was used for metabolism of epimedin A in 0.5% DMSO, and LC-MS was used for analysis of the metabolite, which was captured by HPLC, and prednisolone-induced osteoporosis model of zebrafish was used to evaluate the anti-osteoporotic activities of trace amounts of epimedin A and baohuoside I. The results indicated that epimedin A and baohuoside I can prevent prednisolone-induced osteoporosis in zebrafish. The developed method in this paper enables the separation, enrichment and analysis of micro-amount metabolite of epimedin A, and anti-osteoporosis activities in vivo of epimedin A and baohuoside I was simple and efficient screening resorting to zebrafish osteoporosis mode. This paper would provide new ideas and methods for a rapid and early discovery of anti-osteoporosis activities of micro-ingredients and its metabolite of traditional Chinese medicine.
Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Flavonoids ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Mass Spectrometry ; Osteoporosis ; drug therapy ; Zebrafish

Acanthoma ; pathology ; Humans ; Keratosis ; pathology ; Skin Neoplasms ; pathology

Objective To analyze the possibility of using TCR Vβsubfamily as the diagnostic in-dicators for major histocompatibility complex( MHC) deficiency-induced graft-versus-host disease( GVHD) . Methods The BALB/c mice were given 9.5 Gy (950 rad) of irradiation and transplanted with 106 of T-cell depleted (TCD) bone marrow cells from C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice with MHC Ⅱ deficiency.Two control groups were set up accordingly by injection of TCD bone marrow cells from wild type ( WT) C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice.Several parameters including the body weight, the GVHD clinical score and the survival time of the recipients were monitored.Flow cytometry analysis and mixed lymphocyte culture test were performed for the evaluation of autoimmune responses.Histological examination was used to analyze the severity of GVHD.Results The MHC deficiency-induced GVHD was successfully induced in the irradiated BALB/c mice receiving MHC mismatched allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation ( allo-HCT ) . The MHC matched DBA/2 mice with MHC deficiency could be used as the mice model of subclinical GVHD.Changes of the TCR Vβ6 were consistent with the results of histopathological examination.Conclusion Highly ex-pressed TCR Vβ6 could be used as indicators for the diagnosis of MHC deficiency-induced subclinical GVHD.

Objective To explore the possible mechanisms that cause the dentate gyrus (DG) neurons to play different roles in information coding. Methods In vivo extracellular single unit recording was performed on 22 waking female guinea pigs, which were positioned in a sound-attenuated recording chamber without any muscular relaxants. The spontaneous firing patterns of the DG neurons were detected and compared. Results There were two different electrophysiological populations in the DG of guinea pigs, principal cells (PCs) and fast spiking interneurons (INs). Of the PCs, 1.3% discharged regularly, 48.1% irregularly and 50.6% in bursts; in contrast, of the INs units, 64.1% discharged regularly, 2.6% irregularly and 33.3 % in bursts. The spontaneous firing patterns of PCs were significantly different from those of INs (P <0.01). In addition, the differences of several interspike interval (ISI) parameters also have been observed: (1) the ISI coefficients of variation of PCs (3.39 +/- 3.56) were significantly higher than those of INs (1.08 +/- 0.46) (P < 0.01 ); (2) the ISI asymmetric indexes of PCs (0. 047 +/- 0. 059) were significantly lower than those of INs (0. 569 +/-0. 238) (P < 0.01). Conclusion In the DG, the spontaneous firing patterns of PCs were significantly different from those of INs. The former were prone to fire in bursts, the latter were prone to fire regularly. The different roles in information coding between PCs and INs might be caused by their different firing patterns.

OBJECTIVEObserve the clinical effect of removable lingual arch plus auxiliary spring for convenient dental (especially mandibular) arch expansion.

METHODSSeventeen patients with dental arch constriction complicated by mild dental crowding were enrolled in this study, including 9 requiring maxillary arch expansion and 8 necessitating mandibular expansion. The patients were divided to two groups at random for arch expansion with removable lingual arch plus auxiliary spring and with Quad-helix, respectively, and the effect of arch expansion was compared between the two groups.

RESULTSAfter 8 weeks of arch expansion, the average width of U4-U4 and U5-U5 in removable lingual arch group was enlarged by 2.2 mm and 3.0 mm, and that in Quad-helix group by 2.3 mm and 3.5 mm, respectively, showing no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05). After 12 weeks of treatment, the average width of L4-L4 and L5-L5 in the former group was enlarged by 2.3 mm and 2.5 mm, respectively, significantly greater than that in the latter group (1.0 mm and 1.2 mm, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONRemovable lingual arch plus auxiliary spring allows significant expansion of the middle segment of the dental arch (bicuspids), and can be more effective than Quad-helix for mandibular arch expansion.

Adolescent ; Child ; Dental Arch ; pathology ; Humans ; Malocclusion ; therapy ; Orthodontic Appliances, Removable ; Orthodontics, Corrective ; methods ; Palatal Expansion Technique ; instrumentation ; Young Adult

Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; pathology ; Female ; Humans

Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone ; metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Male ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; metabolism ; Rhabdoid Tumor ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Rhabdomyosarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism ; SMARCB1 Protein ; Sarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Sarcoma, Clear Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Skin Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Vimentin ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate chemotherapy-related toxicity and the short-term efficacy of topotecan and cyclophosphamide as maintenance chemotherapy for stage IV neuroblastoma in complete remission.

METHODSThe clinical data of 16 children with stage IV neuroblastoma received 3 cycles of maintenance chemotherapy with topotecan (0.75 mg·m(-2)·day(-1), infused on days 0-4) and cyclophosphamide 250 mg·m(-2)·day(-1), infused on days 0-4). The two-year event-free survival after complete remission was recorded and the chemotherapy-related toxicities were evaluated according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events of the National Cancer Institute.

RESULTSThe most common chemotherapy-related toxicity was bone marrow suppression and suppressions of neutrophils, hemoglobin and platelets, which occurred in all the patients mostly of grade III and IV. All the patients experienced episodes of infections, which were controlled effectively with antibiotics. Impairment of gastrointestinal and liver functions in these cases was mostly mild (grade I and II) and recovered after corresponding treatments. None of the patients exhibited damages in the nervous system or the renal or cardiac functions. After complete remission, the two-year event-free survival rate of these patients was 68.75% (11/16).

CONCLUSIONTopotecan plus cyclophosphamide for maintenance chemotherapy can be effective and relative safe for stage IV neuroblastoma in complete remission, thus giving a chance to those patients who choose not to have stem cell transplantation.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cyclophosphamide ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Maintenance Chemotherapy ; Male ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neuroblastoma ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Topotecan ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo study the technological parameters of the purification process for effective part from Polygonum cuspidatum.

METHODUsing adsorption capacities and desorption rates of polydatin, resveratrol,emodin,physcion and total anthraquinone as the primary screening indexes, six resins were surveyed,and the optimized conditions of adsorption and desorption of the effective ingredients were studied.

RESULTResin D101 gave good separation performance and was selected to purify the effective part in Polygonum cuspidatum. The optimum parameters were established as the following: 1 BV (bed volume) sample extract was passed through the column with a flow rate of 2.4 BV x h(-1), 30 min later,the column was washed with 2 BV water, 2 BV 20% ethanol, 5 BV 50% ethanol, 2 BV 70% ethanol and 5 BV 95% ethanol, respectively. The combined 50% and 95% ethanolic elutes were concentrated to yield the purified effctive part.

CONCLUSIONThe purity of the total effective ingredients in the product was up to 36. 87%. Macroporous resin D101 could be well used in separating and purifying the effective part from Polygonum cuspidatum.

Adsorption ; Anthraquinones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Emodin ; analogs & derivatives ; isolation & purification ; Fallopia japonica ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Resins, Synthetic ; chemistry ; Stilbenes ; isolation & purification ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Temperature