Face ; surgery ; Hand Transplantation ; Humans ; Organ Transplantation ; Transplantation, Homologous

Animals ; Brain Diseases ; parasitology ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Sparganosis ; Sparganum

Objective To carry out a meta-analysis on the published data in order to evaluate the clinical efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Methods We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane data base for systematic reviews and China biological medicine for randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics in patients with SAP from 1975 to May 2010. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Two authors independently extracted the data from these studies. The data were analyzed using the RevMan 4. 2. 10 software. Result In patients with SAP, prophylactic antibiotics did not reduce pancreatic infection (OR = 0. 67,95% CI:0. 43～1. 02,P = 0. 06), surgical intervention (OR = 0. 90,95% CI: 0. 60～ 1. 36 ,P = 0. 63) and mortality rate (OR = 0. 69,95% CI: 0. 41～1. 15,P=0. 16). Conclusion Antibiotic prophylaxis of SAP did not reduce mortality. It did not protect against pancreatic infection and the frequency of surgical intervention.

2 cm) who were treated with endoscopic polypectomy in 2 different means,respectively.Methods The clinic data of 68 children with giant colonic polyps were review analyzed.Thirty-five cases were received endoscopic clips ligation and the other 33 cases were received endoscopic snare resection.Results All the 35 cases out of endoscopic clip ligtion group were sucessfully cured.There were only 3 cases showedl a little bleeding in this group.In the endoscopic snare resection group,there were 10 cases showed bleeding,8 cases showed polypectomy syndrome,1 case transferred into(operation).Conclusions The complication incidence in endoscopic clips ligation group is lower than that in endoscopic snare resection group.The endoscopic clipping brings about an effective and safe way to treat giant colonic polyps in children.

AIM: To establish an animal model for studying the development and metastasis of melanoma. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were used as host to receive melanoma cell transplantation. Three kinds of melanoma cell lines, B16F0, B16F1 and B16F10, cultured to prepare the cell suspensions, were transplanted into the mouse anterior chamber (AC) of the eye. The time of eyeball diabross, time of survival and metastasis of lymph node and lung were observed. RESULTS: The time of eyeball diabross in F10 group was earlier than that in other groups. The time of eyeball diabross was no difference between F0 and F1 groups. Metastasis was developed 18 days after transplantation in F1 and F10 groups, where the tumor cells was found in ipsilateral cervical lymph nodes. The melanoma cells metastasized to lung in all three groups 28 days after transplantation. The survival time in F0 group was longer than F1 and F10 groups. There was no difference in survival times between F1 and F10 group. CONCLUSION: The differences of three kinds of melanoma cell lines in tumor development and metastasis provided the evidence that was useful for choosing suitable animal model further to study the eye melanima.

This study examined the effect of nicotine on the expression of mutant p53 (mt-p53) in bladder cancer rats. The rat models of bladder cancer were established by infusing N-methyl-nitroso-urea (MNU, 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks for 8 weeks) into the bladder. Pathological examination on the bladder was conducted to confirm the establishment of the model. All the bladder cancer rats were randomly divided into an MNU group and 3 nicotine groups. In the nicotine groups, the rats were intragastrically administered nicotine at different concentrations (25, 15, 5 mg/kg respectively) 3 times per week for 8 weeks. The mt-p53 expression was detected by the immunohistochemical method. The results showed that rat bladder cancer models developed histopathological changes of bladder transitional cell carcinoma. The positive rate of mt-p53 expression in the 3 nicotine groups (25, 15, 5 mg/kg) was 75.00%, 58.33% and 41.67% by the 14th week, respectively, significantly higher than that in the MNU group (33.33%) (all P<0.05). The mt-p53 expression rate was positively correlated with the medication dose and time (P<0.05). It is concluded that nicotine may play an important role in the development of bladder cancer partially by increasing the expression of mt-p53.

Objective To investigate the causes and treatment of familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus with hydronephrosis.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted in 6 cases (5 males and 1 female,aged 11 to 53 years) of familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus with hydronephrosis treated in our institute from June 2009 to December 2010.All cases had polydipsia and polyuria since their childhood.The daily output of urine ranged from 5,290 to 15,040 ml.The urine specific gravity was less than 1.005.The water deprivation and vasopressin injection test showed positive results,and MRI showed that the shape and size of pituitary gland were in normal range.Ultrasound and IVU showed that all cases had hydronephrosis.Five adult cases were administered with Desmopressin 0.2 mg three times a day,and 1 juvenile patient given half dosage of Desmopressin as in adult.The case No.1 underwent percutaneous nephrostomy and bilateral ureteral reimplantation.Case No.2 received urethral catheterization for 5 days and Tamsulosin.Three cases with urinary tract infection were given antibiotics on the base of urine culture and antibiotic sensitivity test results.Follow-up was undertaken every 3 mon for the duration of 18-36 mon.Results In 6 cases,polydipsia and polyuria were significantly improved after the treatment.Daily urine output dropped to 6000 ml in 5 adult cases and decreased to 2000 ml in the juvenile case.The flank sore of case No.1 was relieved after percutaneous nephrostomy,and hydronephrosis improved 6 mon after bilateral ureteral reimplantation.The residual urine volume of case No.2 was reduced to 40 ml,and no recurrence was observed after anti-infection therapy.During the follow-up,6 cases showed relieved hydronephrosis and no recurrent infection.Conclusions It is of important to reduce the urine volume for the treatment of familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus with hydronephrosis.Early diagnosis and treatment of the diseases is crucial for the improvement of renal function.

Objective To assess the value of multi-slice computed tomography angiography (MSCTA) in the preoperative detection of aberrant hepatic arteries in patients scheduled to undergo pancreaticoduodenectomy.Methods Patients with pancreatic and peri-ampullary tumors were preoperatively studied using contrast-enhanced abdominal CT angiography (CTA).The results on hepatic arterial anatomy were compared with those obtained from digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and on surgical findings.Results Eighty-one patients were included into this study.DSA was carried out in 29 patients to evaluate tumor resectability,and 66 patients received surgery.Anomalous hepatic arteries were detected in 17 (21％) patients on CTA.Thirteen (16.0％) patients had a single arterial variant,and 4 (4.9％) patients had two arterial variants.One patient each was seen in the Michels type Ⅳ,Ⅶ,and Ⅷ respectively,while 2 patients each were seen in the Michels type Ⅲ and Ⅴ respectively.Five patients were diagnosed as the Michels type Ⅵ,and four as the Michels type Ⅸ.One patient demonstrated a rare variant which was not included into the Michels classification.MSCTA had an accuracy of 100％,a sensitivity of 100％,and a specificity of 100％.Regarding the traceability scores of hepatic arterial segment,there were no statistically significant differences between MSCTA and DSA.Conclusions MSCTA is an effective imaging tool to assess arterial anatomical variation around the pancreatic head.It is non-invasive,and it provides valuable information on the peri-pancre atic vascular anatomy before pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Objective To observe the effect of electric acupuncture on the infarct volume and amount of cerebral cortex and spinal neuron at different times of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)in stroke prone renovascular hypertensive rats(RHRSP)with middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO),and investigate the possible mechanisms of electric acupuncture on remote damage in ischemic stroke. Methods 480 male SPF Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were duplicated to form the RHRSP models by clamping both kidneys. 370 successful ones were selected by taking the tail artery blood pressure,and divided into hypertension group and sham operation group(each n=60)by random number table method. The MCAO models were created by stringing middle cerebral artery in the remaining RHRSP. The nerve function defect score(NDS)was graded by Longa 5 point method after the rats waked up from anesthesia,then the ones scored 1-3 were enrolled. Totally,there were 190 rats with MCAO successfully created from which 10 were randomly selected to determine the infarct size by 2,3,5-triphenyl four azole nitrogen chloride(TTC)staining. The remaining 180 MCAO rats were randomly divided into model group,electric acupuncture group and fake acupuncture group(each n=60). The sham operated group only received surgical trauma;the electrical acupunctures atBaihuiandDazhuiacupoints on Du channel were performed on the day of model establishment in electric acupuncture group,once a day for 28 days;in fake acupuncture group,sticked the acupuncture needles at the skin ofBaihuiandDazhuipoints,then gived the same electrical acupuncture treatment. On 1,7,14 and 28 days after treatment,the rats of each group were respectively sacrificed,and the brains were collected,then the infarct volume and spinal neuron number were calculated by Nissl staining. Results ①Cerebral infarction volume:No infarcts were found in hypertension group and sham operated group. On 1 day and 7 days after MCAO,the infarct volumes were increased gradually in model group,electric acupuncture group and fake acupuncture group〔infarct volumes on 1 day were(12.36±0.11)%, (12.19±0.15)%,(12.24±0.16)%,and on 7 days were(20.01±0.24)%,(19.54±0.61)%and(19.77±0.25)%, respectively〕,and on 14 days and 28 days after MCAO,the infarct volumes were decreased gradually〔infarct volumes on 14 days were(17.18±0.23)%,(16.96±0.11)%,(17.08±0.62)%,and on 28 days were(14.38±0.21)%, (13.95±0.46)% and(14.29±0.37)%,respectively〕,but the differences among three groups had no statistical significance(all P>0.05). ② Cortex area:On 1 day after MCAO,the differences in the cortical neuron numbers among all groups were not statistically significant(all P>0.05). On 7,14,28 days after MCAO,the cortical neuron number of sham operated group was more than that of hypertension group,but the difference had no statistical significance(all P>0.05). Compared with sham operated group,the cortical neuron number in model group began to increase significantly after 7 days;compared with model group,the cortical neuron number in electric acupuncture group was increased obviously(cell/HP,7 days:75.48±2.41 vs. 68.78±1.42,14 days:61.32±2.60 vs. 48.78±1.41,28 days:53.65±1.46 vs. 28.78±1.21,all P<0.05),while the cortex neuron number of fake acupuncture group was markedly reduced(7 days:67.75±1.43,14 days:47.50±1.25,28 days:27.50±1.25), but the differences had no statistical significance(all P>0.05).③Spinal cord area:On 1,7,14 days after MCAO, the differences of the spinal cord neuron numbers among all groups were not statistically significant(all P>0.05). On 28 days,compared with hypertension group,the cord neuron number of sham operated group was increased,but the difference had no statistical significance(P>0.05). Compared with model group,the cord neuron number in electric acupuncture and fake acupuncture groups was inecreased(cell/HP:21.32±1.60,16.17±1.05 vs. 15.02±1.18),the difference being statistical significant in electric acupuncture group(P<0.05)but no statistical significance in fake acupuncture group(P>0.05). Conclusions Generally,the secondary spinal(cervical part)neuron death occurs after cerebral infarction in rats. The therapeutic action of electric acupuncture may reduce the secondary spinal neuron damage at remote site after cerebral infarction,that is possibly the mechanism of electric acupuncture for the protection of brain in hypertensive rats from I/R injury.

Objective To explore the localization and expression of dopaminergic neurons in olfactory bulb of cynomolgus monkeys damaged by 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP).Methods Three adult cynomolgus monkeys were injected with MPTP to induce the damage of dopamine neurons ( MPTP group ) and three adult cynomolgus monkeys were as a control group .Immunohistochemical staining was performed to examine the localization and expression of dopaminergic neurons in the olfactory bulb in normal and MPTP group monkeys .The numbers of DA-positive and DARPP32-positive cells were counted and the average absorbance was measured in normal and MPTP group .Results DA and DARPP32 positive neurons were concentrated in the glomerular layer ( GL) of olfactory bulb.DA positive nerve fibers were distributed in the GL while DARPP 32 positive nerve fibers appeared in all layers , and most nerve fibers were in GL and external plexiform layers (EPL).After MPTP injury, compared with the normal control group , DA and DARPP32 positive neurons and nerve fibers decreased in MPTP group and DA neurons and nerve fibers decreased significantly . Conclusions DA neurons and nerve fibers are in the GL of cynomolgus monkey olfactory bulb .DA neurons and fibers are significantly reduced in the olfactory bulb of cynomolgus monkeys damaged by MPTP , which may be associated with the dysosmia in Parkinson ’ s disease .