Anemia, Aplastic ; therapy ; Humans ; Treatment Outcome

Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polycythemia ; etiology ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; complications

Anemia, Hypochromic ; etiology ; Humans ; Iron ; metabolism ; Protein Deficiency ; complications ; congenital ; Transferrin ; deficiency

Cyclosporine ; pharmacokinetics ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Treatment Outcome

Anemia, Aplastic ; diagnosis ; Consensus ; Humans

Atrial Fibrillation/surgery* ; Cardiac Tamponade/surgery* ; Catheter Ablation/adverse effects* ; Humans ; Radiofrequency Ablation ; Treatment Outcome ; Vena Cava, Superior/surgery*

Erythrocyte Count ; Erythrocytes ; Longevity

OBJECTIVETo identify the risk factors of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in hospitalized patients with acute stroke, under a perspective case-control study.

METHODS488 cases with stroke, identified by CT or MRI and admitted to the department of neurology and neurosurgery in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital between December 2001 and December 2002 were consecutively studied. There were 328 male and 160 female patients (95.5% Hans) with a mean age of 65 +/- 11 years, ranging 22 - 93 years. The procedure of study would include: (1) General condition, possible risk factors, symptoms of DVT physical check-up to every eligible patient on first day of admission but the plasma concentrations of D-dimer (ELISA), thrombomodulin, antithrombin-III and blood routine examination were measured on the next morning. (2) The ultrasonography (US) was used for detecting both lower extremities at 7 - 10 days after the onset of stroke, and D-dimer and AT-III tests were repeated on the same or next day that the US was taken. (3) The ultrasound examination was repeated after a week in patients with high suspicion of DVT. (4) The therapy of stroke was recorded before the end of the study. Data of stoke patients with DVT was compared with those without DVT to identify the DVT risk factors. The effect of each variable on DVT was assessed by logistic regression analysis.

RESULTSThe prevalence of DVT was 21.7% among the patients. In multivariate analysis, age >/= 65 years old (OR = 1.655, 95% CI: 1.005 - 2.725), being male (OR = 1.993, 95% CI: 1.221 - 3.253), bedridden (OR = 3.275, 95% CI: 1.653 - 6.486) and DVT assessment scores >/= 2 (OR = 5.019, 95% CI: 2.685 - 9.381) were independently associated with DVT in all the stroke patients. Being male (OR = 2.828, 95% CI: 1.242 - 6.438), white blood cell count > 10.0 x 10(9)/L (OR = 2.032, 95% CI: 0.897 - 4.602) and DVT assessment scores >/= 2 (OR = 8.809, 95% CI: 3.081 - 25.188) were the independent risk factors of DVT in hemorrhagic stroke group. Age >/= 65 years old (OR = 2.167, 95% CI: 1.072 - 4.381), bedridden (OR = 3.008, 95% CI: 1.435 - 6.307) and DVT assessment scores >/= 2 (OR = 2.600, 95% CI: 1.077 - 6.278) were the independent risk factors of DVT in ischemic stroke group.

CONCLUSIONPatients hospitalized with acute stroke were under high risk of DVT. Data suggested that old age, female, bedridden and high DVT assessment scores >/= 2 were independent risk factors for DVT in acute stroke patients that called for supervision and prophylaxis on DVT.

Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Leg ; blood supply ; Male ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Stroke ; complications ; Venous Thrombosis ; epidemiology ; etiology

In order to characterize the molecular epidemiology of HFMD-associated Coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) in Fujian Province, a total of 1340 specimens from non-EV71 non-CVA16 HFMD patients were collected during 2011-2013. Isolated virus strains were identified and subtyped. Full-length coding regions for the VP1 gene of the predominant serotype CVA6 isolates were amplified and sequenced. Among the 375 non-EV71 non-CVA16 HFMD cases confirmed by virus isolation and molecular subtyping, 182 (48.5%) were found to be caused by CVA6, accounting for 7.9%, 16.2% and 39.6% HFMD-associated enteroviruses in FujianProvince during 2011, 2012, and 2013, respectively. Compared with general features observed in the HFMD epidemic, no difference in CVA6-specificity or severity rates was observed between geographical origins, gender, or age groups. Nucleotide sequence analyses of VP1 genes revealed high diversity levels of 16.2%-18.6% among CVA6 strains from Fujian Province, in contrast to the prototype CVA6 strain, and showed low levels of diversity in the amino acid sequences (4.3%-6.2%). Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that CVA6 isolates from Fujian Province were distinct from the prototype strain and other isolates from abroad; however, it was homologous to domestic strains, although the Fujian isolates clustered into multiple branches. These results suggested that significant changes in the pathogenic spectrum of HFMD in Fujian Province occurred during 2011-2013, as CVA6 was one of the predominant serotypes of HFMD. CVA6 isolates from Fujian Province were co-circulating and co-evolving with other domestic strains as multiple closely related CVA6 transmission chains were observed in Fujian Province overall and within each prefecture.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Enterovirus A, Human ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; epidemiology ; virology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny