In the treatment of parenteral nutrition(PN) of preterm infants, parenteral nutrition associated cholestasis(PNAC) is the most common complication. However, the mechanisms of how this complication happens are unknown. This paper summarizes the research reports about PNAC both at home and aboard in recent years and raises various precautions on premature birth avoiding, reasonable feeding, PN projects optimizing and so on.Ursodeoxycholicacid is the first-line drug in the current treatment for PNAC.

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic granulomatous disease with unknown causes, and its incidence shows a rising trend in China. So far there is no way for the complete cure of the disease. Conventional drug therapy has many limitations. The appearance of biological agents brings new treatment options for CD and also initiates a debate over "Step-up" versus "Top-down" strategies. Rational nutrition supplement plays an important role in the comprehensive treatment of CD. This paper reviews the efficacy of conventional drugs, new progress in drug therapy, roles and status of nutritional support, and new treatment strategies for CD.

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is a heterogeneous disease from various resources and biological characters. Currently, about 90 ％ of NHL is relative to chromosomal abnormalities. This review emphasizes chromosomal abnormalities in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, which can not only help understanding NHL genesis,but also is useful for diagnosis on early stage and proper treatment.

Circular RNA (circRNA) is widely found in various species' cells.They have several characteristics including structural stability,high expression and expression in a tissue-specific manner.Recent studies have demonstrated that circRNA is a member of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA).CircRNA regulate the expression of related RNA molecules via binding with target microRNA (miRNA) and play an important role in gene expression and regulation.The finding of circRNAs not only expand our understanding about eucaryon and ceRNA regulation network,but also indicate that circRNA might be a new biological marker for diagnosis and has good application prospects in drug development research,and disease diagnosis and treatment.Because current research on circRNA is still very few,a brief summary about circRNA is presented in this paper for further research.

Objective To evaluate the effect of FOCUS-PDCA program(find,organize,clarify,understand,se-lect,plan,do,check,act )on the prevention and control of catheter-related blood stream infection (CRBSI)in an intensive care unit(ICU).Methods Process of central venous catheterization and nursing care were analyzed by u-sing FOCUS-PDCA program,and the causes for CRBSI were found out ;a continuous quality improvement (CQI) team was established to provide training for ICU nurses,and the process was improved and supervised,virtuous cir-cle was created.Results Incidence of CRBSI decreased from 8.29‰ before FOCUS-PDCA intervention(January-December,2010)to 3.20‰ after FOCUS-PDCA intervention(January 2011 -December 2012),the difference was significant (χ2 =14.6,P <0.001).Conclusion FOCUS-PDCA program is effective for controlling the incidence of CRBSI.

BACKGROUND:Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technique is a newborn technology reprogramming human somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells, which can be used in disease modeling, drug screening and cell therapy. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the feasibility and advances of iPSC application in Alzheimer's disease, and conclude the insufficient and future of this technology. METHODS:CNKI and PubMed were searched for relevant articles concerning Alzheimer's disease and iPSCs, and the retrieval results were screened by relativity and repeatability. Finally, 30 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: This review concludes the superiority of iPSC technology in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and in vivo harvest of nerve cells. The use of inducible pluripotent stem cells differentiated from patient's own cells is more practicable, but there are still many problems to solve at this stage, such as high-efficient and stable directional differentiation, safety of induced pluripotent stem cells, the most appropriate donor cells, and ethical disputes.

Objective To evaluate effects of two different flap designs (envelope flap and triangular flap) on complica?tions after the mandibular third molar surgery. Methods A randomized, self controlled clinical trial design was selected for 52 patients treated in the outpatient surgery of Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin Medical University. Patients were treated with envelope flap design for lower third molar removal in one side and triangular flap on the other side. VAS scores were used to evaluate postoperative pain. The postoperative swelling was evaluated by patient`subjective index. The degree of the upper and lower incisor distance was used to evaluate trismus. Data of postoperative swelling, pain and trismus were re?corded 1, 2 and 7 days after surgery. Data of postoperative wound dehiscence, bleeding situation and alveolitis were also re?corded and compared between two groups. Results There were no significant differences in postoperative pain after 1, 2 and 7 days between two flap designs (P>0.05). After 1 and 2 days there was more severe facial swelling in triangular flap group than that of envelope flap group (Z=2.005, Z=2.017, P<0.05). There was more limited mouth opening after 1 and 2 days in triangular flap group than that of envelope flap group (t=2.578, t=2.410, P<0.05), but on the seventh day there was no significant difference in the severity of facial swelling and trismus between two groups (P>0.05). There were no signifi?cant differences in postoperative pain, alveolitis, bleeding and wound dehiscence between two groups (P > 0.05). Conclu?sion The envelope flap is more conductive to the early recovery in patients after surgery, but in the long term there is no ob?vious difference between the two flap designs.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) possibly lie in a dysregulated response of the intestinal mucosal immune system towards intestinal microflora under a combined action of genetic and environmental factors.Mucosal dendritic cells are assumed to play key roles in regulating immune responses in the antigen-riched intestinal environment, either by initiating immune responses or by maintaining tolerance. Defects in this regulation are supposed to lead to IBD. This paper reviews the recent research advances in the relationship between IBD and dendritic cells.

The G protein-coupled receptor, GPR40, is a specific receptor for free fatty acids. Singnaling pathways are activated in islet ?-cells by fatty acids as binding to GPR40. Fatty acids regulate insulin secretion and cause ?-cell hyperplasia through GPR40. GPR40 also mediates responses to antidiabetic drugs like thiazolidinediones. GPR40 agonists and/or antagonists show potential effect in the development of new anti-diabetic drugs.

Objective To investigate the role of IP-10 in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods The peripheral blood monocytic cells (PBMC) were collected from 39 AS patients, and the mRNA expression of IP-10, IFN-? and IL-4 were measured by semi-quantitive RT-PCR with G3PDH as the internal control. Results The mRNA expression levels of IP-10, IFN-? and IL-4 as well as the rate of IFN-?/IL-4 were elevated in the PBMC of AS patients compared with the healthy controls (P