KAI1 gene is a metastasis suppressor gene discovered in 1995, the product of which is a member of the transmembrane-4 superfamily. The expression of KAI1 gene correlate with metastasis of almost all cancer. But some results of some study are different. This article reviewed the study of the genomic structure of KAI1 gene and the relationship between KAI1 gene and neoplastic invasion, metastasis, prognosis.

The antiapoptotic mechanisms of cell transplantation have been paid wide attention in the process of the treatment of cerebral ischemic injtry.The transplanted cells play their roles of mtiapoptotic effect through releasing growth factors and nutritional factors,direct bonding,promoting angiogenesis,and anti-inflammation.

Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention published three confirmed novel H 7N9 avain influenza virus in-fection cases on March 31 ,2013 .The disease then spread across China and caused extremely high morbility and mortality , which trig-gered extensive attention .These cases were caused by a novel H 7N9 avian influenza virus which was highly mutable .Once the virus a-dapted to human respiratory epithelium receptors , a pandemic outbreak would occur immediately .This article summerizes the research progress on the H7N9 avain influenza, including epidemiologic characteristics , etiology features, clinical manifestation, detection tech-niques as well as theraputic and prevention strategy .

Objective To construct a mono-specific bivalent diabody (scFv dimer) gene derived from an anti-anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody NP48 of Schistosoma japonicum and to express and characterize the protein.MethodsThe mono-specific diabody gene (D) was constructed by SOE (splicing by overlap extension) and using Gly_4Ser as a linker to join the C-terminus of the V_H to the N-terminus of the V_L.D was linked with prokaryotic expression vector pBAD/g. The target protein expression in E.coli TOP10 was induced by arabinose. Then a purification procedure for the target protein was carried out. The antigen binding activity of expressed product was detected with Dot-ELISA. ResultsThe V_H-G_4S-V_L (D) gene was confirmed by sequencing. The pBAD/g-D recombinant were determined by digesting with endonucleases and expected bands were identified. There were less soluble target proteins in the supernantes and higher target proteins in the pellets as inclusion body when separating the D expression proteins. And the insoluble fraction was recovered as a soluble, correctly processed protein by solubilising with 8 mol/L Urea. The molecular weight of the target protein was about 27 kD. The binding activity of the target protein to anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody NP30 of Schistosoma japonicum was verified by Dot-ELISA. ConclusionThe purified protein from the constructed recombinant pBAD/g-D could interact specifically with antigen NP30. So the constructed mono-specific diabody has the part characteristics of anti-anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody NP48 of Schistosoma japonicum.

Objective To investigate the correlative factors influencing long-term efficacy of patients with liver neoplasms after interventional therapy. Methods A total of 495 patients underwent transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), and the data were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups according to the survival time after interventional therapy: ≥5 years and ＜5 years. Correlative factors were compared in both two groups. Results In 31 patients survived longer than 5 years, 18 patients with Lipiodol filling type Ⅰ tumor, and 13 with type Ⅱ tumor. The 5, 7, 10 years survival rate in all 495 patients was 6.26% (31/495), 1.41% (7/495) and 0.40% (2/495), respectively. Factors including tumor pattern, clinical classification, the features of angiography, with or without heptic arteriovenous fistula, the pattern of Lipiodol filling, with or without invasion and metastasis, hepatic function, patient's age, tumor diameter, AFP value before and after TACE, the variety of AFP value after TACE influenced the long-term survival rate after interventional therapies (P＜0.05). Conclusion The characteristics of tumor, patient's status, the quality of TACE, whether combined with PEI, and/(or) anti-virus treatment have significant influence on long-term efficacy after interventional therapy in patients with liver neoplasms.

Objective To observe the results of treatment by open reduction and humeral head replacement for proximal humeral fracture-dislocation. Methods According to Neers classification, the cases included two-part proximal humeral fracture-dislocation 15 cases, three-part proximal humeral fracture-dislocation 29 cases, and four-part proximal humeral fracture-dislocation 21 cases. Fifty-four patients received T shaped steel plate and 11 patients received humeral head replacement. Early rehabilitation was started postoperatively. Results Fifty-four patients who received T shaped steel plate were followed up from 1 to 5 years (in average of 2.5 years), final results of all the patients were evaluated according to the HUANG Gong-yi′s criterion. The rate of excellent or good in patients of two-part fracture-dislocation were 100%, three-part fracture-dislocation was 79%, humeral head necrosis was 25%, four-part fracture-dislocation was 60%, and humeral head necrosis was 53%. Eleven patients who received humeral head replacement were followed up from 6 months to 5 years (in average of 1.5 years). According to SSMH of UCLA, the average score was 25.6. Score was above 27 in 1 case, 24~27 in 8 cases, 18~ 23 in 2 cases, less than 18 in 0. These cases were with an excellence rate of 82%. Average score was 9.0 in pain, 8.2 in function and 7.5 in muscle power. Conclusions T shaped steel plate to treat the two-part proximal humeral fracture-dislocation is effective in the functional recovery of the shoulder joint, but the rate of satisfaction as well as the necrosis in the three-part and four-part is poor. Satisfactory results can be obtained in humeral head replacement for the treatment of proximal humeral fractures especially for the treatment of three and four-part fracture-dislocation.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes causes abnormal insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) gene expression, which contributes to initiation and development of peripheral neuropathy.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of a single dose of methylcabalamin on prevention of experimental diabetic neuropathy and the possible molecular mechanism of its involvement in IGF-1 gene expression.DESIGN: Completely randomized and controlled experiment.SETTING: Endocrinology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University.MATERIALS: The study was carried out in an Animal Center of Nanjing Medical University. Totally 80 male Sprague Dawley rats (sanitary degree)were randomly selected.METHODS: ① Totally 64 rats were chosen to be induced diabetic. They were injected intravenously with alloxan dissolved in saline solutions, at the dose of 240 mg/kg. ② Of 16 rats were chosen as normal control group who were injected intravenously with equivalent volume of saline solution. ③ Of 64 established diabetic rats were treated with daily subcutaneous injection of pork regular insulin in combination of protamine zinc insulin (2:1) then further divided into 2 groups as insulin-treatment diabetic control groups based on different blood glucose levels: group 1 with relatively better control of diabetes, group 2 with relatively worse control of diabetes, with 32 rats in each group. Totally 16 rats of each group were treated with methylcobalamin injection intramuscularly with 500 μg/kg body weight, thus correspondingly divided into insulin +methylcobalamin group 1 and insulin+methylcobalamin group 2. The remaining 16 rats of each group as respective insulin-treatment diabetic control groups were treated with equivalent volume of saline. ④ Initiate weight and end weight were measured at beginning of the experiment and after diabetic model was established. Glucose oxidase was used to detect glucose level. 1-deoxy-1-malin was used to detect fructose level. ⑤ Parameters were measured as follows: Sensory/motor nerve conduction velocity (SNCV, MNCV) and evoked potential amplitude (EPA) of sciatic nerves detected by evoked electromyogram; IGF-I mRNA by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); IGF-1 peptide by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ⑥ One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the Significance of differences among groups.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Tissue IGF-1 mRNA/ IGF-1 peptide, electrophysiological data of individual groups at different points of the experiment. ② Comparison between individual groups in glucose metabolic parameters and body weights at different points of the experiment.RESULTS: Three rats died for diabetic infection or other acute complications and only 77 rats were included in the final statistical analysis.① Body weight and glucose metabolic parameter changes: After diabetic model, glucose, fructose level and body weight change between methylcobalamin+insulin treated groups and insulin treated groups were not significant. ② IGF-1 mRNA/peptide changes: Tissue IGF-1 mRNA increased significantly in methylcobalamin + insulin treated groups than that in insulin treated groups, respectively (P ＜ 0.05-0.01). Two weeks after diabetic model was established, the sciatic tissue IGF-1 mRNA contents were obviously higher in methylcobalamin + insulin treated group 1 than that in insulin treated group 1 (P ＜ 0.05), but not significantly different from that in NC group; Similarly, tissue IGF-1 mRNA contents were obviously higher in methylcobalamin + insulin treated group 2 than that in insulin treated group 2 (P ＜ 0.05), but lower than that in NC group (P ＜ 0.01); Month 2, tissue IGF-1 contents in methylcobalamin+ insulin treated groups were lower signiiicantly than NC groups, but higher than insulin treated groups (P ＜ 0.05-0.01). By month 3, IGF-1 mRNA level in methylcobalamin+ insulin treated group 2 was not significantly different from that in insulin treated group 2. The IGF-1 peptide levels in nerve tissue changed approximately parallel to IGF-1 mRNA level over time course. ③ Nerve electrophysiological data changes: Month 2 and 3, SNCV, MNCV and EPA were significantly higher in methylcobal-amin+ insulin treated group 1 than in insulin treated group 1 (P ＜ 0.05);Month 2, SNCV and EPA were higher in methylcobalamin+ insulin treated group 2 than in insulin treated group 2 (P ＜ 0.05); Month 3, SNCV, MNCV and EPA were significantly lower in methylcobalamin + insulin treated group 2 than in control group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01), whereas no difference was observed between methylcobalamin + insulin treated group 2 and insulin treated group 2.CONCLUSION: ① Methylcobal has not effect on blood glucose. ②Methylcobal could prevent occurrence of experimental neuropathy through its effect on nerve IGF-1 gene expression of diabetic rats. ③ A better efficacy could be achieved by Methylcobal with a good control of blood glucose level in prevention of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) toxoid produced by formaldehyde treatment of purified toxin was used to immunize BALB/c mice for monoclonal antibody (MAb) production.The neutralizing activities of positive clones against Stx2 were screened by in vitro cytotoxicity assay.The isotype and specificity of resultant clone was determined,and its efficacy to neutralize the activity of purified Stx2 was evaluated by in vitro and in vivo toxicity model.Lastly,its spectrum of activity against Stx2 variants was also accessed by mouse toxicity model.It was demonstrated that one of the 12 positive MAb clones against Stx2,designating $2C4 had neutralizing activity.S2C4 belongs to the immunoglobulin G1 subclass and has a K light chain,and it reacts with the A subunit of Stx2 and does not bind to Stx2 B subunit or to Stx1.S2CA could efficiently neutralize the cytotoxicity of Stx2 to Veto cells and mice.It also protected mice against lethal doses of Stx2 variants challenge including Stx2c and Stx2vha.S2C4 is a promising candidate molecule in preventing the progression of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) mediated mainly by Stx2 in Stx-producing Escherichia coli(STEC)infection.

Objective To study the effects of the monoclonal anti idiotypic antibody NP30 active immunization on egg granuloma formation and hepatic fibrosis in Schistosoma japonicum infection. Methods ICR mice were actively immunized with NP30 100 ?g ?3 ip. every 10 days while the mice in control group were injected with SP2/0 ascites ip. simultaneously. After cercariae challenging,the mice were killed at the 4th, 8th,12th, 16th, 20th and 24th week, respectively.Mouse livers were removed and stained histochemically with VG and subjected to immunohistochemical assay of collagen type Ⅰ,Ⅲ and fibronectin(FN).The volume of egg granulomas and the content of collagen type Ⅰ,Ⅲ and FN were determined quantitatively by NYD 1000 Image Analysis System. Results The volume of egg granulomas in NP30 immunized group was much smaller than that of control group from the 12th week after cercariae challenge. The cellular components of egg granulomas in NP30 immunized group were significantly different from those of the control group,exhibiting two types of atypical egg granulomas were found.VG stain revealed that the average optical density of collagen in hepatic granulomas of experimental group was lower than that of control group.Immunohistochemical assay revealed that the contents of collagen type Ⅰ,Ⅲ and fibronectin in egg granulomas of experimental group were lower than those of control group. Conclusion NP30 vaccination may induce both cellular and humoral protective immunity to modulate egg granulomas and suppress liver fibrosis of schistosomiasis japonica.

Objective To study the molecular mechanism of apoptosis of cells in egg granuloma induced by anti-idiotypic antibody NP30 of Schistosoma japonicum.Methods BALB/c mice were randomly divided into two groups. The mice of the experimental group were immunized by injecting NP30 intraperitoneally for three times, while the mice of control group were injected normal saline intraperitoneally. The mice were sacrificed respectively on the 39th, 49th, 64th, 108th, 112nd day after challenge with schistosome cercariae. The expressions of apoptosis-related gene Bax, Bcl-2, death receptor Fas, FasL (Fas ligand) and c-Fos were examined by the S-P method of immunohistochemistry,and Bax, mRNA and Fas mRNA investigated by the in-situ hybridization. Results The expressions of Bax, Fas, FasL and c-Fos were positive in granuloma cells of both groups. The expressions of Bax and FasL in experimental group were higher than those in control group (P