Objective To investigate the correlation between body mass index ( BMI) , type Ⅱ diabetes and colorectal neoplastic lesions including adenoma and adenocarcinoma. Methods A total of 971 subjects, aged 20-86, who underwent colonoscopy from July 2008 to July 2009 were included. The body height and weight were measured, and history of type Ⅱ diabetes was recorded. Based on the results of colonoscopy and pathology, the subjects were divided into study group (with confirmed adenoma or adenocarcinoma; n =471) and normal control group (n = 500). All data were analyzed by using logistic multi-factors regression. Results With adjustment for some potential mixed factors, obesity group run 2. 55 times of risk of colorectal adenoma or adencarcinoma compared with the normal weight group (OR = 2.55, 95% CI: 1.26-3.05, P =0.027), among which obese male's risk was 3. 32 (OR =3.32, 95% CI: 1. 50-6. 86, P = 0.007) times of that in normal weight males. There was no correlation between female's BMI and incidence of colorectal adenoma & adencarcinoma. Patients with type Ⅱ diabetes ran 2. 10 times of risk of developing colorectal neoplastic lesions compared with those without ( OR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1. 25 - 3. 57, P = 0.010). Incidence of colorectal adenoma & adencarcinoma was 3 times higher in those with type II diabetes less than 6 years, compared with those with history more than 6 years ( OR = 3.00, 95% CI: 1.05 - 10. 86, P =0. 040), which was not correlated with gender of diabetic patients. Those with both type Ⅱ diabetes and obesity had 3.05 times of risk of colorectal adenoma & adencarcinoma, compared with non-obese diabetic patients (OR = 3.05,95% CI: 1.08 - 18.41, P - 0.041). Conclusion Obesity is positively correlated with colorectal adenoma and adencarcinoma, and obese males run higher risk than females. Type Ⅱ diabetes also leads to a higher incidence of colorectal neoplastic lesions, which will run even higher when combined with o-besity.

Objective To investigate the retinoic acid incubation effect on proliferation of U251 cell line and effect on MAPK signal pathway. Methods ATRA solution of different concentration on the U25 1 glioma cells were incubated,the influence of ATRA on the proliferation of U25 1 cells were detected,and the proteins of MKPs and MAPK signaling pathways were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot.Using Graph Prism 5 software for quantitative analysis of experimental results.Results Compared with control group,ATRA could effectively inhibit the proliferation of U25 1 glioma cells, in a concentration dependent manner.QRT-PCR results showed that,different concentrations of ATRA after incubation for 48 hours,the expression of MKPs mRNA changed,but the changes of MKP-5 and expression of 67LR was different,explained the main differences between the two methods of the MAPK signaling pathway was the regulation of MKP-5.Western blot results showed that the ATRA,after 48 hours of incubation,the protein MAPK pathway had changed in phosphorylation, which showed that ATRA protein in the MAPK signaling pathway through control of the degree of phosphorylation on U25 1 cell line regulation.Conclusion Retinoic acid and retinoic acid receptor play its physiological effects and regulate human glioma cell line U25 1 proliferation through different combination.Retinoic acid could not only reduce the expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2 to inhibit tumor proliferation,but also regulate three kinds of protein phosphorylation,therefore its mechanism will be more complex,at the same time that the MAPK signaling pathway plays a crucial role in tumor proliferation process.

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of the cocktail therapy to treat patients with Parkinson's disease with dementia ( PDD) . Methods Sixty patients with PDD were randomly divided into treatment group(30 cases)and control group(30 cases). The dose 10 mg of donepezil hydrochloride was taken 1 time a day in the control group;on the basis,the dose 0. 2 g of butylphthalide soft capsules was taken pre-dinner, 3 times a day,the dose 0. 8 g of oxiracetam was taken 3 times a day and 2 Ginkgo Biloba Leaves Extract tablets was taken 3 times a day in the treatment group,period of treatment was 6 months. The curative effect was measured by using Montreal cognitive assessment scale (MoCA),Blessed-Roth dementia table,severity of clinical dementia rating scale (WMS) rating, respectively before treatment and on the 3th, 6th month after treatment,and monitored the adverse reactions. Results There were no statistically significant differences on the scores of MoCA, WMS and Blessed-Roth dementia table between treatment group and control group before treatment ( all P>0. 05 ) . The scores of MoCA, WMS in the treatment group and control group on 6 months after treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment and 3 months after treatment, and the scores of Blessed-Roth dementia table in the treatment group and control group on 6 months after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment and 3 months after treatment ( P<0. 05-0. 01). Compared with control group,the scores of MoCA, WMS increased obviously and the scores of Blessed-Roth dementia table decreased significantly in the treatment group on 6 months after treatment (P<0. 05-0. 01). There was no statistically significant difference on the rates of abnormal liver function after treatment betweenin the treatment group (16. 67%) and the control group (13. 33%) (P>0. 05). Conclusion The curative effect of cocktail therapy is better than traditional remedies for treating patients with PDD, and it is high safety.

Objective To study the relationship between Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) and donor heart ischemia time. Methods The rat model of retroperitioneal heterotopic heart transplantation was used. Seventy Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: group 1 receiving CsA after sham operation; group 2 receiving transplantation directly; group 3 having 3 h-ischemia before transplantation; group 4 having 6?h ischemia before transplantation. After transplantation, all rats in each group were subjected to the gastric lavage of CsA for 20?days. At 20?days after transplantation, the donor heart was removed for observation of changes in pathological lesions and ultrastructues of coronary artery. Results With ischemia time being prolonged, cardiac capillary endothelial cell swelling and coronary intimal proliferation were observed which were similar to the CAV histopathological changes. Conclusion The prolongation of ischemia time can lead to intimal proliferation and hyperplasia which can promote CAV development. So ischemia time is a vital reason for the CAV.

OBJECTIVE To set up an intranasal ovalbumin-induced animal model of allergic rhinitis(AR) accompanied with olfactory dysfunction in mice. By observing the olfactory pathway in mice using manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) and the relatively morphologic structural and immunological changes in olfactory epithelium, the influence of AR on olfactory receptor neurons(ORNs) was studied.METHODS Forty SD mice were randomly divided into two groups, the research group(n=30) and the control group(n=10). The research group was intraperitoneally injected and intranasal application of ovalbumin to establish an AR mice model. The olfactory function of the mice was evaluated by buried food test(BFT). ELISA was performed to measure the level of IgE in serum. MEMRI images were acquired with a 7.0 T micro-MR scanner. HE staining and immunohistochemistry were used to observe the tissues morphology change of olfactory mucosa and OMP expression.RESULTS The olfactory function evaluation of the AR mice model indicated that the incidence of olfactory dysfunction in AR mice was 40.0%. The AR mice with olfactory dysfunction had no signal enhancement in MEMRI. The olfactory epithelium became thinner, layer numbers of ORNs were decreased with disorder arrangement and the OMP expression was decreased in AR mice with olfactory dysfunction compared with that in AR mice without olfactory dysfunction(P=0.018) and the control group(P=0.0141).CONCLUSION An animal model of AR accompanied with olfactory dysfunction in mice was successfully established. The influence of AR on ORNs and thus cause the change of the olfactory pathway is one of the major pathogenesis of olfactory dysfunction in AR.

Objective Hepatitis C virus patients are often accompanied by insulin resistance and diabetes.To probe the relative factors of abnormal glycometabolism in chronic HCV infections.Methods A total of 1 039 treatment-naive patients that were confirmed chronic HCV infected were enrolled in the study.The demographics,biochemical index parameters and other data about liver function and HCV viral load were got from infectious disease department of Jurong Pepole's Hospital in China.Results A total of 140 (13.5％) patients were diagnosed with some forms of abnormal glycometabolism.The body mass index (BMI) (x2 =9.231,P =0.010),waist circumference (x2 =7.984,P =0.018),systolic blood pressure (x2 =16.366,P ＜0.001),diastolic blood pressure (x2 =13.970,P =0.001),alanine aminotransferase(ALT) (x2 =4.809,P =0.028),HCV-RNA viral load (t =-3.818,P ＜0.001) were significantly different between non-diabetic HCV patients and abnormal glycometabolism patients.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ALT(OR =2.986,95％ CI:1.171-7.615) and HCV-RNA viral load (OR =2.061,95％ CI:1.165-3.644) were found as risk factors in multivariate regression analysis for patients with chronic hepatitis C who had abnormal glucose metabolism.Conclusions Chronic hepatitis C patients with higher ALT and HCV-RNA level were more probably to suffer from abnormal glycometabolism.In order to find potentially novel risk factors of HCV with abnormal glucose metabolisn,further studies about genetic and other clinical factors need to be processed.

OBJECTIVE: To introduce the research progression of fMRI in brain functional localization in China or abroad in the recent 15 years, so as to further comprehend the effect and value of fMRI.DATA SOURCES: A computer-based online search of Medline database was undertaken to identify English articles about fMRI published from 1990 to 2005 with the keywords "functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), brain".STUDY SELECTION: The articles about experimental studies of fMRI articles irrelative to motor function, sensory function, hearing function, visuEnglish title.DATA EXTRACTION: Totally 6 144 relevant articles were collected, 18 articles were involved according to the inclusive criteria, and the others were excluded. cles about sensory function, including 1 about simple tactile stimulation,ry function, including 2 about simple visual stimulation, and 1 about binoction, including about hearing stimulation by various methods, and 1 about comparison between normal and abnormal subjects by the same stimulation.language function, 1 about visual language function, and 1 about listening basic principle.CONCLUSION: fMRI was more accurate, convenient and direct than other methods. It can not only show localization, size and dimension of the activated areas in different cerebral regions, but also show accurate anatomical position. Many aspects still need to be consummated, for example, exploration of the stimulating method, design of advanced hardware, post processing of the image and the effect of visualization. With the development of hardware, software and the endless endeavor of scientists, fMRI dooms to play an important role in illustrating the function of human brain.

BACKGROUND: Traditional anterior release followed by posterior correction and fusion is frequently used to treat severe and rigid adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, which is considered as Cobb angle of the major curve > 65° and flexibility < 34.5%; however, there are a great majority of complications. Whether isolated posterior correction using pedicle screw fixation combining with bone grafting and fusion may provide better effects on severe and rigid adolescent idiopathic scoliosis needs to be further studied.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate isolated posterior correction using pedicle screw fixation combining with bone grafting and fusion for the treatment of severe and rigid adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. DESIGN: Case analysis.SETTING: Department of Orthopaedics, Renji Hospital, Medical College of Shanghai Jiao Tong University.PARTICIPANTS: Twenty patients with severe and rigid adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, including 8 males and 12 females, were selected from Department of Orthopaedics, Renji Hospital, Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University from June 1999 to August 2005. They were 12-18 years old, and the mean age was 14.6 years. All patients were finally diagnosed as X-ray of whole spine. According to King-Moe criteria, patients were classified into type Ⅰ(n =4), type Ⅱ(n =6), type Ⅲ (n =5), type Ⅳ(n =3) and type Ⅴ(n =2). Before surgery, mean Cobb angle of the major curve was 82° (75°-92°), mean flexibility was 30% (20%-40%), and mean shoulder height difference was 15 mm (5-35 mm). Moreover, according to Risser syndrome, patients were classified into degree 1 (n =3), degree 2 (n =5), degree 3 (n =6), degree 4 (n =5) and degree 5 (n =1). All patients and their relatives provided the informed consents, and the experiment was approved by the local ethical committee. Artificial bone was Osteoset provided by Wright Company, USA.METHODS: Patients underwent isolated posterior correction using pedicle screw fixation combining with bone grafting and fusion, and spinous process, lamina of vertebra, zygapophysial joints and transverse process were exposed in a preconcerted fusion area. Pedicle screw was inserted into strategy vertebra using free hand technique according to the anatomic landmark of entry point. Six patients underwent fixation with TSRH system, and the other patients with CDH M8 system. Operative time and blood loss were evaluated after surgery. At 7 days after operation, Cobb angle was measured with X-ray, and correction rate of major curve was calculated. While shoulder height difference and admission duration were evaluated simultaneously. Complications and recovery states were followed up in the next 4 years.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Operative time and blood loss; ② Cobb angle and correction rate of major curve; ③ shoulder height difference and admission duration; ④ follow-up results.RESULTS: All 20 patients were included in the final analysis. ① Operative time and blood loss: Operative time lasted from 3.2 to 4.3 hours, and the mean time was 3.5 hours. Blood loss ranged from 660 to 1 070 mL, and the mean loss was 865 mL. ② Cobb angle and correction rate of major curve: Cobb angle of the major curve ranged from 82° (75°-92°) before surgery to 31° (22°-37°) after surgery, and the mean correction rate was 62%. ③ Shoulder height difference and admission duration: Mean should height difference before surgery was 15 mm (5-35 mm). Postoperative lateral film of spine indicated that thoracic and lumbar vertebra generally suffered from normal posterior and anterior convexity, and mean shoulder height difference after surgery was 7.5 mm (0-11 mm). The admission duration lasted from 8 to 11 days, and the mean duration was 9 days. ④ Follow-up results: All patients were followed up in the next 4 years after surgery. The cobb angle correction of major curve remained unchanged, and the instrumented segments were completely fused without instrumentation failure.CONCLUSION: Isolated posterior correction using pedicle screw fixation combining with bone grafting and fusion may effectively cure severe and rigid adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, which is considered as Cobb angle of the major curve between 75° and 92° and flexibility ≥ 20%.

Objective To provide the basis for early detection and treatment of precancerous lesions of gastric carcinoma, and reference for early discovery, diagnoses and treatment of gastric cancer, by examining the differences of expression of Helicobaeter pylori (Hp), both in the gastric mueosa and in blood serum, between precancerous lesions of gastric carcinoma patients and gastric cancer patients. Methods Used immunechromatographic method and protein chip system to determine the expression of Hp in blood serum and used immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of Hp in gastric mucosa. The patients had been diagnosed by pathological methods, 170 patients with precancerous lesions of gastric carcinoma, 111 patients with gastric carcinoma and 31 patients with superficial gastritis. Results The expression of Hp was detected on every stage of precancerous lesions and gastric carcinoma. Compared with the detection rates of Hp, precancerous lesions of gastric carcinoma was higher than gastric carcinoma and superficial gastritis, superficial gastritis was the lowest. The differences of the three were significant (P<0.01). The detection rate of Hp in the gastric mueosa (86.2%, 66.7%, 38.7%, respectively)was obviously higher than in blood serum (80.6%, 52.3%, 32.3%, respectively). Conclusions Hp participates in the process of the precancerous lesions and gastric carcinoma. The expression of Hp both in the gastric mueosa and in the blood serum could be one of the indexes, which might report the process and curative effect of precancerous lesions. With such advantages as simple and applicability, the detection of Hp in the blood serum could be used widely. The endoscopy and the detection of Hp in the gastric mucosa are suggested for patients with Hp positive in the blood serum.

BACKGROUND: The formation mechanism of biliary cast syndrome following liver transplantation has not been thoroughly illuminated, and it is unclear that whether some proteins correlated to the formation mechanism of biliary cast or prewarning to the formation of biliary cast.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the holoprotein expression in biliary cast syndrome patients following liver transplantation. METHODS: Four patients underwent liver transplantation at Liver Transplantation Institute, General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Force. Three months later, 10 g biliary cast was harvested. Four kinds of biliary cast specimens at different colors and textures were preserved at deep hypothermia, followed by protein abstraction and restriction enzyme digestion, the total protein abstraction solution of biliary cast were analyzed by high definition mass spectrometry and query on MASCOT database. All protein name of biliary cast were list, the conjunct protein was found by comparing 4 specimens. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were totally 208 proteins in 4 biliary cast specimens, 82, 44, 56 and 65, respectively. By comparison, 5 proteins were found to overlay in 2 biliary cast specimens, 7 proteins in 3 specimens and 13 proteins in 4 specimens. Among the latter 13 proteins, 5 unnamed-proteins, as well as 8 named-proteins (termed alpha-fibrinogen precursor, beta-fibrinogen precursor, fibrinogen gamma chain, proapolipoprotein, Chain A of Human Cathepsin G, S100 calcium-binding protein A9, lactoferrin) were included. The proteins exists in biliary cast, the common proteins of 4 biliary cast specimens imply a correlation between the formation of biliary cast and the exudative inflammation following the damage of biliary tract epithelium; Some proteins might be considered as a marker of prewarning the presence of biliary cast syndrome, judging the inflammation severity following the damage of biliary tract epithelium and the prognosis of biliary cast syndrome.