Objectives To understand the status of wild feces distribution and pollution in schistosomiasis endemic areas in Yunnan Province. Methods According to the distribution of Oncomelania hupensis snails and characteristics of human and ani-mal activities in recent five years 6 schistosomiasis endemic villages in Weishan Nanjian and Midu counties 2 villages each county were selected as the investigated areas and more than 4 hm2 area with snails around each village were investigated for the types and densities of wild feces. The schistosome infested feces was detected with the hatching method. Results Totally 63 hm2 were investigated and 420 wild feces were found in all kinds of environments. The densities of wild feces were 0.066 7 piles/100 m2 and the densities of wild feces of the road and the hillside were the highest 0.098 7 piles/100 m2 and 0.088 0 piles/100 m2 respectively . Totally 260 fresh wild feces were collected including the feces of human being cattle horse dog sheep and pig and the feces of cattle and dog was the most 37.38%and 30.71% respectively . No schistosome positive feces was found. Conclusions There are a lot of wild feces in snail areas in Yunnan Province and the risk of schistosomiasis transmission is still high. Therefore we should strengthen the banning grazing measures and the investigation of dogs.

objective To investigate the ability of insulin sensitivity index HOMA2-%S and secretion function index HOMA2-%B calculated by HOMA2,the new homeostasis model assessment,in clinical application. Methods Eighty female volunteers with polycystic ovary syndrome in Chongqing area [50 subjects with normal glucose tolerance(NGT group)and 30 subjects with impaired glucose regulation(IGR group)]were involved in this study.Thev underwent a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test(OGTF)and the Botnia clamp test. From the data of faming blood samples in OGTF,insulin sensitivity index HOMAI-ISI,secretion function index HOMAl-β and disposal index DI-HOMA1 were calculated by the old homeostasis model assessment(HOMA I),meanwhile insulin sensitivity index HOMA2-%S,secretion function index HOMA2-%B and disposal index(DI-HOMA2) were caleulated by the new homeostasis model assessment (HOMA2).Correlation coefficients between insulin sensitivity index and GIR (the glucose infusion rate at steady state of Botnia clamp test),and between insulin secretion function index and AIR(the acute insulin response in Botnia clamp test),were studied.Results The Pearson's linear correlation coefficient between HOMA2-%S and GIR(r=0.503),HOMA1-ISI and HOMA2-%S (r= 0.990).HOMA2-%B and AIR(r=0.382),HOMA1-B and HOMA2-%B(r=0.976) were all statistically significant(a11 P<0.01).The glucose disposal indexes calculated from the HOMA2 and HOMA1 of 1GR group were significantly lower than those from the NGT group(t=2.825,P<0.Ol;t=2.222,P<0.05). Conclusion The HOMA2 is a better model in evaluating the insulin sensitivity and secretion function and is recommended to be widely used in clinical evaluation.

Objective To explore the changes of serum nitric oxide(NO) and trace element Zinc in children with pneumonia and their clinical significance.Methods The observing group contained 48 patients with pneumonia in our hospital from Oct.2005 to May 2006,who were collected 3 mL of blood sample on empty stomach on the second day.Twenty-six of them had been collected serum during their convalescence stage.The control group contained 20 children,who were healthy in the same stage.The levels of NO of 48 pneumonia,26 convalescence stage(recovery group) and 20 healthy patients were determined by UV-2100 spectrophotometer.The Zinc in serum was determined by P-E503-mode atomic absorption spectrophotometric analysis antigenic in those patients.Blood viscosity was measured and analyzed with the statistic analysis SPSS 10.0 software.Results The levels of NO in pneumonia children[(57.76?19.41) ?mol/L] were significantly higher than that in control group [(25.09?5.51) ?mol/L] and recovery group[(30.08?8.05) ?mol/L](P_a

Objective　To study if the occlusal interference affects the fluctuation of body′s gravity center. Methods　An artificial occlusal interference was separately applied on 14 volunteers (7 males and 7 females, mean age 23.2 years). Fluctuations of body′s gravity center were measured before wearing the occlusal interference appliance, at 30 minutes and 24 hours after wearing the appliance. Results　The length and area of fluctuation of body′s gravity center with the interference appliance were greater than that without it. The length of fluctuation of gravity center was 40.22 cm, 41.66 cm and 43.21 cm in eye-opening conditions and 56.96 cm2, 61.93 cm2, 66.9 cm2 in eye-closing condition. The area of fluctuation of gravity center was 3.3 cm2, 3.43 cm2, 3.61 cm2 in eye-opening condition and 4.63 cm2，5.00 cm2，6.47 cm2 in eye-closing condition. The female volunteers showed more changes than the male ones. Conclusion　Occlusal interference does affect the fluctuation of body′s gravity center.

Objective To observe the sub-chronic effects of low doses of arsenic poisoning in rabbits exposed to different periods on some of the serum enzymes and biochemical indicators, and to provide the basis for screening of meaningful hematologic indicators for early diagnosis of arsenic poisoning. Methods Twelve adult rabbits,weighing 2.0 - 3.5 kg, were randomly divided into four groups, 3 in each group, and they were fed with drinking water containing sodium arsenite 0(control),0.01,0.05,0.25 mg/L, respectively. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-glutamyl transacylase (y-GT), total protein(TP), albumin(ALB), globulin(GLP), and ALB/GLP of rabbit were measured by SYSMEX-180 automated biochemistry analyzer after 8 weeks and 12 weeks exposure. Results The results showed that ALT in 0.05 mg/Lgroup of 12 week[(60.00 ± 4.14)U/L]increased significantly compared with the control[(41.50 ± 2.12)U/L, P ＜0.05];AST in 0.25 mg/L group of 8 week and 12 week[(46.50 ± 3.21 ), (52.33 ± 3.81 )U/L]increased significantly compared with the control[(21.33 ± 3.53), (29.50 ± 3.23 )U/L, all P ＜ 0.05];ALP in 0.05 mg/L and 0.25 mg/L group of 12 week [(78.68 ± 4.85 ), ( 103.00 ± 7.83 ) U / L]increased significantly compared with the control [(45.50 ± 5.50)U/L, all P ＜ 0.05];γ-GT in 0.05 mg/L group of 12 week[(19.33 ± 7.50)U/L]increased significantly compared with the contro1[(8.50 ± 3.53)U/L, P＜ 0.05]. TP, ALB, GLP, ALB/GLP of different groups of 8 week and 12 week were not significantly different statistically(F= 0.77,0.02,0.16,3.14 and 0.51,0.29,0.41,0.52, all P ＞ 0.05). Conclusions Zero point zero five mg/L and higher doses of sub-chronic arsenic exposure has some major damage to the liver. Compared with other serum enzymes and the biochemical indexes, serum AST is a early sensitive indicator of liver injury of the arsenic poisoning.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of surface electrical stimulation on bladder spasm among patients with spinal cord injury,and compare it with that of therapy combining electrical stimulation with bladder function training.Methods Forty-two patients with bladder spasm after spinal cord injury were randomly divided into an experimental group (n=21) and a control group (n=21).Patients in the experimental group were further divided into three subgroups:patients with cervical spinal injury (n =7),thoracic spinal injury (n =9) and lumbar spinal injury (n =5).Both the experimental group and control group were given normal bladder function recovery exercise,while the experimental group was given the extra electrical stimulation on the surface of the sacral nerve.Urodynamic tests including the maximum detrusor pressure,bladder capacity,residual urine volume and bladder compliance were conducted for both groups before the treatment,after the first and the second 18-days of treatment and during a follow-up visit 2 months after the intervention.Results After the first course of treatment,significant differences were found in all measurements in the experimental group and most measurements of the control group except for the residual urine volume.Significant differences were found in all measurements after the second course of treatment compared to those after the first course in both groups.After the two courses of treatment and during the follow-up visit the average residual urine volume of the experiment group was significantly better than that of the control group.After the second course of treatment the average maximum detrusor pressure and bladder compliance of the experimental group were significantly better than those of the control group.Conclusion Surface electrical stimulation significantly improves the urodynamics and bladder function of patients with bladder spasm after spinal cord injury and its therapeutic effect is greater for patients with cervical and thoracic spinal injury than for those with lumber spinal injury.

Objective To understand the Oncomelania hupensis distribution and infection status in the schistosomiasis sur?veillance sites of Yunnan Province,so as to provide the evidence for making the control and prevention measures. Methods Eighteen administrative villages were selected as the surveillance sites where the schistosomiasis endemic was serious in 18 epi?demic counties,one village for one county. The snail status was investigated with the systematic sampling and environmental sampling methods,and the infection status of the snails was detected by a microscope and loop?mediated isothermal amplifica?tion(LAMP). The surveillance database was established and descriptively analyzed. Results In 2015,the total surveillance ar?ea was 1 826.55 hm2,and the area with snails was 55.03 hm2,that was reduced by 57.70% as compared to that in 2013,and by 40.63% as compared to that in 2014. No new snail area was discovered,and also no schistosome infected snails were discovered. Totally 718 532 frames were surveyed,and the occurrence rate of frames with snails was 0.45% and the density of living snails was 0.013 9 snail/0.1 m2. In the endemic controlled areas,the snail area and density of living snails were both the highest. The snails concentrated on the environments of paddy field,ditch,bottomland,small reservoir,and dry land,and the vegetations of rice,dry crop,weed and wood. The snail area,occurrence rate of frames with snails,total number of snails and number of liv?ing snails all showed a downward trend. No infected snails were found for three years. Conclusions The Oncomelania hupensis snails have been effectively controlled in the national schistosomiasis surveillance sites of Yunnan Province. However,the com?prehensive snail control measures still should be continually strengthened in order to consolidate the achivements.

Objective To explore the impact of dexamethasone on inflammatory response of thyrocytes.Methods Primary thyrocytes were extracted from thyroid tissue of patients with Graves' disease.The cells were stimulated with interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),and cultured in dexamethasone.Thyrocytes were divided into 4 groups:control group,dexamethasone group,TNF-α + IFN-γ group,and dexamethasone+TNF-α+IFN-γ group.Interferon-γ-induced protein 10 (CXCL10) and CCL2 in supernatant of cell cultured in 4 groups were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Cell protein in 4 groups was extracted and GSK-3β,P50,and P100 protein were detected by Western blotting.Results MTT assay demonstrated that 10-5 mmol/L concentration of dexamethasone was optimal for cell culture.The CXCL10 level in TNF-α+IFN-γ group was higher than that in the control group and dexamethasone group (P＜0.01),but no difference was found between dexamethasone+TNF-α+IFN-γgroup and TNF-α+IFN-γgroup(P＞0.05).The CCL2 level in TNF-α+IFN-γ group was higher than that in control group and dexamethasone group(P＜0.01).There was a significant lowering of CCL2 level in dexamethasone + TNF-α + IFN-γgroup compared with TNF-α + IFN-γ group (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of GSK-3β and P100 protein was increased in TNF-α + IFN-γgroup compared with control group.The expression of GSK-3β and P100 protein was lower in dexamethasone+TNF-α + IFN-γ group than that in TNF-α + IFN-γ group.Conclusion TNF-α + IFN-γ could stimulate the secretion of CXCL10 and CCL2 in thyrocytes and thus activate the inflammatory response.Dexamethasone could reduce CCL2 secretion.Dexamethasone had little effect on CXCL10.Dexamethasone could reduce GSK-3β and P100 expressions,and inhibit the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway and thus the inflammatory response.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Anemia ; chemically induced ; Benzene ; poisoning ; Humans ; Male ; Nitro Compounds ; poisoning