Humans ; Oral Medicine ; Photofluorography

Objective To analyze drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria from the blood culture and distribution in clinical departments,and to guide the rational clinical drug use.Methods We retrospectively analyzed 11 275 samples of blood cultures in The Central Hospital of Wuhan from 2012 to 2014.The blood specimens were cultured by VersaTREK(USA).The pathogenic bacteria were identified and their drug resistance was analyzed by BD-PHOENIX 100 automicrobiological identification systems(USA).Results Among the 11 275 blood cultures,636 bacterial strains were detected.The top four bacterial strains were Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,Klebsiella pneumonia and Enterococcus f aecium.A vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strain and a pandrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strain were detected.The top three clinical departments with distribution of pathogens were Gastroenterology Department,Nephrology Department and Intensive Care Unit (ICU).Pathogens isolated from ICU were evenly distributed.Conclusion Distributions of pathogenic bacteria in the blood culture are different in clinical departments.Identification of pathogenic bacteria and result of drug susceptibility can reduce use of broadspectrum antimicrobials and enhance antimicrobial de-escalation.

To study the pharmacokinetics of ginsenosides Rg1 and its metabolites after iv and oral administration in Wistar rats, the LC-MS/MS method was selected to determine ginsenosides Rg1 and its metabolites in plasma and their pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. After oral administration of ginsenosides Rg1 to rats, ginsenosides Rg1, Rh1, F1 and protopanaxatriol (Ppt) could be detected in plasma. Their Tmax were 0.92, 3.64, 5.17, and 7.30 h, respectively; MRT were 2.68, 5.06, 6.65, and 5.33 h, respectively; AUC(o-t), were 2 363.5, 4 185.5, 3 774.3, and 396.2 ng x mL(-1) x h, respectively. After iv administration of ginsenosides Rg1 to rats, ginsenosides Rg1, Rh1 and FI could be detected in plasma. Their T1/2betaS were 3.12, 5.87, and 6.87 h, respectively; MRTs were 1.92, 5.99, and 7.13 h, respectively; AUCo-tS were 1 454.7, 597.5, and 805.6 ng x mL(-1) x h, respectively. So, it can be concluded that after oral administration, the amounts of metabolites were higher than the prototype in vivo, and the distribution and elimination of the metabolites were relatively slow. After iv administration, the amount of prototype were higher than that of the metabolites in vivo, and the distribution and elimination of the metabolites were relatively slow.

Acute Disease ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; chemically induced ; physiopathology ; Poisoning ; complications ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for further comprehensive evaluation of the improvement of the accessibility of family medicines after the implementation of the new health care reform. METHODS:Sampled as 180 households from 2 urban ar-eas,2 counties and 2 rural areas in Chengdu,a questionnaire survey was adopted based on the WHO’s manual for the Household Survey to Measure Access and Use of Medicines to investigate the situation of drug use,storage and accessibility,and the results were statistically analyzed. RESULTS:Totally 180 questionnaires were sent out,179 were effectively received with effective recov-ery of 99.44%. In the terms of medicines taken for the acute illness,there were more than 60% rural households obtained drugs from the public health care facilities,while more than 60% counties households purchased drugs in public medical and health insti-tutions;in the terms of medicines taken for the chronic illness,the proportion of households reporting a chronic illness who did not take any medicines was low(3.80%);in terms of medicines storage,the proportion of households without reserve drugs was low (13.41%). In terms of drug accessibility,the proportions of respondents who agreed that the location and opening hours of their public healthcare facility were convenient were high;there was no situation for“patients did not take prescribed drugs because med-icines were not available at the healthcare facility and drug store”,while more than 95% respondents who agreed that drugs were available at their public health care facilities and drug stores;the essential medicines in the household use of chronic drugs in Chengdu accounted more than 60%;more than 85% can afford the drug costs,while the proportion of the monthly costs for acute illness and chronic illness in the total month costs was low;the health insurance coverage reached 90% in the survey households, but the proportions of households which could reimburse acute,chronic illness drug cost were lower(14.13% and 12.66%). CON-CLUSIONS:At present,the level of drug accessibility in Chengdu is high;the implementation of National Essential Medicines System has a positive effect on reducing the economic burden of chronic disease family. But there are shortcomings in the Medicare reimbursement levels and antibiotics use,it is suggested to take effective measures to solve it,such as exploring the stable and ef-fective medical insurance fund raising channels,improving the compensation level and the level of insurance reimbursement,formu-late and implement the corresponding antibacterial drugs supervision system and regulate the rational use of antibiotics in residents.

Objective To establish the rapid purification of Coxsackievirus A16 using ultracentrifugation .And To prepare and i‐dentify the neutralizing monoclonal antibody against CA16 .Methods The CA16 culture supernatant was harvested and then con‐centrated by 100K capsule .The concentration of CA16 was purified by cesium chloride ultracentrifugation .Purification of CA16 were identified by transmission electron microscopy .BALB/c mice were immunized with inactivated CA16 .Spleen cells were harves‐ted and fused with SP2/0 myeloma cells ,hybridoma cell strain secreting mAb against CA16 were objected to screening .Character‐ization of the prepared mAb were analyzed by ELISA and microneutralization assay .Results The purified CA16 method of cesium chloride gradient ultracentrifugation was established ,TEM analysis was showed that CA16 particles have icosahedral structure ,the diameters of the viral particles were approximately 20-30 nm .Two hybridoma cell strains secreting mAb against CA16 were ob‐tained ,the subtypes of two mAbs were IgG2a ,the binding titers of Anti/CA16/5 and Anti/CA16/10 were 103 and 104 respectively . Neutralizing titer of the two mAbs were 1∶256 and 1∶1 024 respectively .Conclusion Establishment method of cesium chloride gradient ultracentrifugation was performed to purify CA16 ,the two mAbs with neutralizing ability to against CA16 may become ap‐plication of treatment and vaccine .

Objective To evaluate the effect of continuous blood purification (CBP) on cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) type Ⅰ.Methods Clinical data of 42 patients with CRS type [at our hospital were collected from January 2012 to June 2014.We observed and compared changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP),heart rate,respiration rate,acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) Ⅱ score,and urinary volume before and 5 days after CBP.Meanwhile,levels of serum creatinine (Scr),cysteine proteinase inhibitor Cystatin C (CysC),serum creatinine (cTn) and B-type natriuretic peptid (BNP) were monitored.In addition,dynamic changes in cardiac index (CI),intrathoracic blood volume index (ITBI),global end-diastolic volume index (GEDI),central venous pressure (CVP),and extravascular lung water index (ELVWI) were monitored using the pulse induced contour cardic output plus monitoring system (PiCCO plus),and changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) before and 5 days after CBP was measured by color Doppler ultrasound.Results There was no significant difference in MAP in patients with CRS type Ⅰ before and 5 days after CBP (P=0.08).Tacbycardia and tachypnea improved,while urine volume increased and the APACHE Ⅱ score decreased significantly,5 days after CBP(allP＜0.05).Plasma levels of Scr,CysC,cTn and BNP after treatment were lower than those before treatment [(126.8±68.3) μmol/L vs.(413.6±126.1) μmol/L,(1.1±0.8) g/L vs.(4.1±1.1) g/L,(2.6±0.4) μg/L vs.(3.5± 0.7) μg/L,(807.6±427.7) ng/L vs.(3300.3±567.6) ng/L,all P＜0.05)].Myocardial contractility,cardiac preload and lung related parameters also significantly improved after CBP (allP ＜0.05).Conclusions CBP can alleviate clinical symptoms of CRS type Ⅰ,improve cardiac and renal function,and is promising as an important auxiliary measure for the treatment of patients with cardiorenal syndrome type Ⅰ.

Objective To investigate the developmental characters of neural stem cells(NSCs) in occipital of cortex from human fetal brain at different age.Methods Ninety cases of embryoes at gestational age 16-32 weeks and by induction of labor with water bag were collected for determining distribution,shapes,growth modes and the number of NSCs in the occipital of cortex with immunohisto- chemical method under light microscope.Results It was noted that NSCs existed in the occipital of cortex from human fetal brain at different ages.NSCs mainly distributed in layers of cone cells and inner granule cells.NSCs existed in the occipital of cortex of different fetal age included middling round cells,NSCs had enations from 0 to 1.Nucli were larger than plasm.Each NSC had nucleoli from 2-4 and rarefaction chromatin.Most of NSCs distributed in three growth modes including crowd,cluster and clone,occasionally with a single growth mode among other nerve cells.There were no differences including distribution,shapes,growth modes and the number of NSCs in the occipital of cortex between groups,but,NSCs gradually decreased with increasing of age.Conclusion NSCs exists in the occipital of cortex from different gestational age,and the number of NSCs decreases with increasing of age.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the hs-c-reactive protein and the severity of coronary artery disease.Methods All the 67 patients underwent coronary angiography and measured risk factors,the Gensini score was used to determine the results of the coronary angiography.The t test,One-Way ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis were used to predict hs-CRP.Results Coronary artery disease group hs-CRP levels were significantly higher than those in non-coronary artery disease group(P

Objective To analyze the distribution of tophus in ankle and tarsal joints by multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT)and to explore the pathogenesis of gout.Methods 34 patients with a documented diagnosis of gout underwent CT examina-tion of bilateral ankle and tarsal joints,and 55 ankle and tarsal joints were observed tophus.The sites of tophus deposition were cate-gorized into groups of ligament,tendon and joint in order to record and analyze.Results The tophus were showed at the anterior talofibular ligament (n=38),the medial ligament (the site of talus and calcaneus)(n=30)and the interosseous talocalcaneal liga-ment (n=29)(P <0.05)in the group of ligament;at achilles tendon (n= 18),followed by tibialis posterior tendon (n= 7)(P <0.05)in the group of tendon;at articulations intercuneiformes (n=1 5)and inferior tibiofibular articulation (n= 10)(P <0.05 )in the group of joint.Conclusion In ankle and tarsal joints,tophus is commonly deposited at the anterior talofibular ligament,at the achilles tendon and the articulationes intercuneiformes.