Objective To investigate the role of proteoglycan autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Human Aggrecan G1 domain cDNA was cloned from human cartilage, and recombinant aggrecan G1 domain (rAG1) protein was synthesized in a Baculovirus expression system. Synovial fluid monocytes from RA patients were stimulated with rAG1. Harvested cells' radioactivity was quantified in a ?-scentillation counter and the stimulation index (SI) was calculated. Cells with SI over 3 were taken as rAG1 specific T cells. Three well-characterized AG1-specific T cell lines were injected intraperitoneally into 8 SCID Beige mice. At the same time, rAG1 was injected intraarticularly into left knees of these mice. On day 8, mice were sacrificed and histological examination of the knee joints was performed. Results Human rAG1 specific T cell lines were generated from synovial fluid of RA patients. Most of these cells were CD4~+CD8~- T cells secreting Th1 cytokine (interferon-?). A pronounced capsular and synovial infiltration of mononuclear cells with early synovitis and cartilage erosion was observed in some left knees of the mice treated with rAG1-specific T cells. Conclusion Human rG1-autoreactive T cells injected intraperitoneally have homed to left knee where its epitope rAG1 was injected, and they participated in the development of inflammatory arthropathy.

Objective To assess the association between air pollution and daily mortality of circulatory system diseases.Methods All death records of the deceased who lived in urban area of Shenyang and died from circulatory system disease during Jan 1,1992 to Dec 31,2000 were collected.We used the semi-parametric generalized additive model to study the relationship between short-term daily average temperature and daily mortality of circulatory system diseases after controlling the confounding factors of long-term trends,humidity,air pressure,work days and season,etc.Results The optimal temperature for all people was 23.4℃.And it was 23.6℃ for male and 23.2℃ for female.A significant graphically 'V' shape relationship between mortality caused by circulatory diseases and ambient temperature was found.The relationship between the temperature changes and the mortality caused by cardiovascular diseases was significant,but not significant with cerebrovascular diseases.The mortality caused by cardiovascular diseases increased 0.0275/100 000 while the temperature increasing each 1℃ above 23.4℃,and increased 0.0062/100 000 while temperature decreasing each 1℃ below 23.4℃.People over 65 years old were the most sensitive population for temperature changing,their mortality caused by cardiovascular diseases increased 1.1909/100 000 when the temperature increasing each 1℃ from 26.6℃.But people under 65 years old were not sensitive to temperature changing,their mortality caused by cardiovascular diseases was all less than 0.0011/100 000 no matter the temperature was higher or lower 1℃ from the optimal temperature.There was no significant difference of the effect of temperature changing on mortality caused by cardiovascular between male and female.Conclusion The "V" shape relationship between mortality caused by cardiovascular diseases and ambient temperature clues us on that temperature left from the optimal temperature could increase the death rate caused by cardiovascular diseases and temperature closed to the optimal temperature could decrease the death rate caused by cardiovascular diseases.

After severance the ventral spinal roots in 10 dogs, the distribution of the anterograde degeneration was studied by means of Nauta's technique with the following conclusions:1. After sectioning the ventral roots, degenerating fibers (including preterminal and terminal fibers) appeared regularly in the spinal cord and medulla oblongata. This confirms that there are afferent fibers which project into the central nervous system via the ventral spinal roots.2. These degenerating fibers ascended not only in the posterior funiculi, but also in the gray matter, so that the preterminal and terminal degenerations of the terminal branches or collateral branches were found in the columna grisea posterior of the thoracic and cervical segments above the surgically operated segments of the spinal cord.3. The preterminal and terminal degenerations were found in the reticular areas of the nucleus gracilis of the medulla oblongata and around the non-cluster cells.4. Degenerating fibers were unequally distributed, most of them located ipsilaterally. The degenerating fibers decreased in number in rostral segments.5. Afferent fibers in ventral roots differ from those in dorsal roots in distribution:a) From the operated segment and to far more rostral segments, afferent fibers of the ventral root were distributed in a more medial position in the spinal dorsal gray column, viz, "medial tendency", and then ascended after interposing into the funiculi gracilis. This is different from the afferent fibers of the dorsal root in the control group which were distributed in "equal tendency" in the dorsal column and took a "lateral addition fashion" of entering the funiculi gracilis.b) Apparently, much more afferent fibers in ventral roots projected contralaterally than those in the dorsal roots.c) It was also characteristic that the afferent fibers in ventral roots projected further toward the rostral segments of the spinal cord.

ObjectiveTo provide evidence for the development of national norm of coping style for petrol station employee.MethodsStratified random sampling surveys and individual interview were performed in 13 269 in-service petroleum employees.Taking gender,age,education level and marriage as independent variables and coping factors as dependent variables,t test or analysis of variance was completed.Results Our data indicated that coping style was significantly changed in different gender ( P＜0.05),age (F=4.596,P＜0.05),education (F=14.723,P＜0.05) and marriage groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion Specified working environment results in corresponding coping style,and the development of national norm may be important and necessary.

Objective To evaluate the effects of long-term high-fat diet on skin wound repair in mice, and to explore its related mechanism. Methods A total of 16 ten-week-old C57BL/6J wild-type mice were randomly and equally divided into two groups to be fed a high-fat diet(HFD group)and a standard diet(SD group)respectively for 8 weeks. Then, an 8-mm full-thickness skin wound was created on the back of each mouse by using a biopsy punch. The degree of wound healing was observed, wound healing rate and epithelialization level were evaluated every day. The weight of mice was measured before feeding, after 8-week feeding and on day 14 after the operation. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from these mice for the determination of total cholesterol(TC)and triglyceride(TG)levels after a 12-hour fast on day 14 after the operation. Then, all the mice were sacrificed, and wound tissues were resected from the dorsal skin of mice for a histological study. The two-sample t test was used to compare the thickness of new epidermis in the wound surface, collagen deposition rate in the wound bed, count of new vessels, levels of cell proliferation and degree of inflammatory cell infiltration between the two groups. Results The average weight of mice was significantly higher in the HFD group than in the SD group after 8-week feeding(27.3 ± 0.7 g vs. 21.2 ± 0.6 g, t = 21.98, P < 0.001)and on day 14 after the operation (28.8 ± 0.7 g vs. 23.1 ± 1.1 g, t = 25.22, P < 0.001). Similarly, there was a significant increase in the levels of TC(1.35 ± 0.32 mmol/L vs. 0.99 ± 0.28 mmol/L, t = 2.24, P < 0.05)and TG(4.21 ± 0.41 mmol/L vs. 2.71 ± 0.31 mmol/L, t = 6.49, P < 0.05)in the HFD group compared with the SD group 14 days after the operation. Compared with the SD group, the HFD group showed shorter healing time (13.5 ± 0.5 days vs. 12.6 ± 1.1 days, t = 1.99, P < 0.05), lower thickness of newborn epidermis on the wound surface (47.8 ± 13.8 μm vs. 95.7 ± 13.7 μm, t = 5.68, P < 0.001), decreased number of CD31-positive vessels(8 ± 1 vs. 13 ± 3, t = 4.1, P < 0.001)and count of ki-67-positive cells(21 ± 4 vs. 49 ± 10, t = 3.33, P < 0.001), but increased count of infiltrating macrophages and mast cells (both P < 0.05). No significant difference was found in collagen deposition rate in the wound bed between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion Long-term high-fat diet can affect wound healing and delay skin wound repair in mice.

To observe the protective effects of echinacoside on rotenone-induced damages in rats.

Objective To analyze the CT signs and the clinical relevant factors of degenerative osteoarthritis of athnto-odontoid joint.Methods The CT signs and the clinical information of 214 patients received CT scans of skull from June 2011 to April 2012 were analyzed retrospectively.Results One hundred and twenty patients were diagnosed with degenerative osteoarthritis of atlanto-odontoid joint,while 67 of them having subaxial degenerative osteoarthritis at the same time.Forty-three patients had a history of chronic cervical and occipital pain.95.83％ (115/120) patients showed osteophytes in CT scans,while 44.17％ (53/1 20) showed calcification around dens and 24.17％ (29/120) showed joint space obliteration.The incidence rate increased with age.Seventy-seven patients [64.17％(77/120)] appeared cervical and occipital pain.Conclusions Degenerative osteoarthritis of atlanto-odontoid joint shows hyperostosis,osteophytes at the edge of joint,joint space obliteration and calcification around dens in the CT scans.The incidence rate is increased with age and correlated with cervical and occipital pain.

Background and purpose:Tamoxifen is the main endocrine therapy of premenopausal breast cancer with positive hormone receptors but numerous patients have developed advanced refractory breast cancer due to drug resistance.Our study investigated the role of combining oophorectomy and exemestane in the treatment of advanced refractory breast cancer.Methods:Oophorectomy was carried out in all patients.Exemestane was administered orally (25 mg/d) one week after the operation.The median time of progression (TTP),the median survival time as well as the survival rate were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier methods.Results:Seventeen patients ranging between the ages of 26 and 44 years (median:36 years) were treated resulting in an overall response rate of 64.70%,TTP was 8 months and the median survival time was 31 months.The survival rates for 1 year,3 years and 5 years were 88.24%,64.71%,29.41%,respectively.No grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ side effects appeared.Conclusion:Oophorectomy when combined with exemestane showed antitumor activity for advanced refractory premenopausal breast cancer through positive hormone receptor and it is also well-tolerated.

The growth and spread of malignant neoplasms largely depend on angiogenesis.Recent studies demonstrate that a various types of neovascularization including angiogenesis,vasculogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry exist in a few highly aggressive tumors.Ovarian carcinoma is the leading cause of death in gynecologic malignancy.Here,we review the effect of angiogenesis,vasculogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry in development and spread of ovarian carcinoma.

This article was aimed to study the immunomodulatory effect of ethanol sediments of the seeds of Descurainia sophia(L.) Webb. ex Prantl. both in vitro and in vivo. The lymphocyte proliferation test in vitro was carried out to explore the effect of the ethanol sediments on the proliferation of T cell and B cell in the spleen of normal mice. And, the carbon clearance test, serum hemolysin test, and delayed-type hypersensitivity test were used to investigate the influence of fraction on non-specific immunity, humoral immunity and cellular immunity in the immunosuppressive mice induced by cyclophosphamide. Besides, the immunosuppressive model was used to evaluate the effect of fraction on immune organs and content of cellular factors in blood serum. The results showed that the ethanol sediments promoted Concanavalin A (Con A) induced T cell and Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced B cell (P < 0.01). It increased the carbon clearance index K, phagocytic index α, half value hemolysis (HC50), and swelling degree of auricula (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). It reduced the body weight and atrophy of thymus and spleen index (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). It increased the contents of IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-4 in serum in immunosuppressive mice (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). It was concluded that ethanol sediments of the seeds of D. sophia(L.) Webb. ex Prantl. can boost the lymphocyte proliferation, protect the immune organs, and enhance the non-specific and specific immunity in immunosuppressive mice, which indicated that it had immune-promotion effect.