Upon the previous studies on the effect of spinal cord repair kinetics, we report the effect of extending the irradiation schedules to 3 treatment day per week. The animals in the experimental group received a pair of 2Gy fraction every other day separated by intervals (day/overnight) of 6h/42h and 8h/40h, respectively. There was significant shift by increasing interfraction intervals from 6/18h and 8/16h to6h/42h and 8h/40h, respectively. It is suggested that the tolerance of spinal cord is reduced while the overnight intervals are shortened from 42h and 40h to 18h and 16h, respectively and the repair of sublethal damage of spinal cord following multifraction treatment per day used in the clinic is not completed. With biexponential model, the ?/? ratio derived from these pooled data was 2.2Gy. T 1/2 values from spinal cord were obtained as 1.3h and 5.5h. It showed that the repair kinetics parameters are in well agreement with the results from the previous work. The repair processes are not influenced by interruption during radiotherapy.

The biology rationale for radiotherapy in the treatment of malignant disease is based on repair, repopulation,reoxygenation and cell cycle redistribution. Various aspects of the roles of the 4R' are discussed, including in determining the sensitivity of tumors and normal tissue tolerances. An improvement in therapeutic ratio may derive from reducing the dose per fraction and minimizing the overall treatmemt duration. Some methods have developed to predict the response of normal and tumor tissues before radiotherapy. The parameters of cell survival at 2Gy(SF2) was correlated with clinical outcome. There is reasons to suppose that the pretreatment tumor LI and Tpot mat be good predictors for tumor repopulation kinetics. This review also discussed the rationale for the use of LQ model in fractionated radiotherapy.

Objective To correctly apply the Capability Maturity Model Integration(CMMI) model to the development process of medical device software,thus optimizing and improving the development process and enhancing the software process capability.Methods The matching between CMMI and IEC62304 was analyzed.The compatibility on application was investigated by taking risk management(the core process) as an example.Results The interface between CMMI and IEC62304 was discovered as well as their optimized process in risk management.Conclusion The process of medical device software development not only can be improved by CMMI model,but also should be.

Recently,with the factors such as diet and environmental has changed a lot,the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) increased year by year,which has attract the attention of the public gradually.There is no simple,noninvasive and relatively specific indicators which could assist the diagnosis,diseases activity evaluation,treatment effect monitoring,and prediction of disease recurrence possibility of IBD,endoscopic examination and histo-pathologic biopsy is the most accurate method used in clinical,but it has the disadvantages of invasive and time consuming which is poorly accepted by patients with IBD.In recent years,with the further research of IBD,a series of noninvasive,convenience and high specificity biomarkers of IBD have been undergone evaluation,especially some fecal biomarkers.

Objective To examine the differences in the level of sedation and adverse effects produced by equivalent analgesic doses of remifentanil,sufentanil and fentanyl.Methods Eighty ASA Ⅰ female patients aged 18-39 yr with BMI of 18-25 kg/m2 scheduled for laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n =20 each):group control (group C) ; group remifentanil ( group R) ; group sufentanil (group S) and group fentanyl (group F).Remifentanil 2 μg/kg,sufentanil 0.2 μg/kg and fentanyl 2 μg/kg in normal saline 10 ml were infused iv over 2 min in groups R,S and F respectively.Depth of sedation was assessed and scored using OAA/S scale (5 =alert,1 =no response to prodding) and wavele index (WLI),before (baseline) and at 2,4,6,8 and 10 min after drug administration.Besides RR,pulse oxygen saturation,BP,HR were also monitored.The incidences of apnea,muscle rigidity,nausea and vomiting,pruritus,vertigo,bradycardia,profuse sweating and skin rash were measured and calculated.Results The 4 groups were comparable with respect to age,BMI and height.The lowest values of OAA/S scores,WLI and RR were significantly lower in groups R,S and F than in group C.Sufentanil produced the deepest sedation among the 3 opioids.Remifentanil produced strongest respiratory depression and nausea and vomiting.Conclusion The equivalent analgesic dose of sufentanil produces deeper sedation than that of remifentanil and fentanyl while remifentanil has the greatest impact on RR.

2 years, no involvement of regional lymph nodes and the recurrence presented as a single nodule.

ObjectiveTo discuss the feasibility and effect of clinical application of the single-bag and double-chamber anus tube.MethodsPatients who needed retention enema and non-retention enema(80 cases) were divided into 2 groups with 40 cases in each group.The test group was given enema by single-bag and double-chamber anus tube.The control group was given enema by traditional rubber anus tube.The reaction and clinical effect were compared between the two groups.ResultsIn the test group,pain and malaise lessened,intestinal cleaning was good,enema liquid reservation prolonged,the satisfaction degree of patients improved,compared with that of the control group (P<0.01).ConclusionsClinical application of self-made single-bag and double-chamber anus tube can give lesser pain and better effect of patients,and it improved satisfaction degree of patients and efficiency of nursing work greatly.

Objective To introduce the development of an adjustable and bed- type table for pleural puncture and observe its clinical effect. Methods 100 patients who were to undergo pleural puncture were divided into the experimental group and the control group with 50 cases in each group.The experimen-tal group adopted the adjustable and bed-type table for pleural puncture, while the control group used the conventional method.The pulse,respiration and artery blood oxygen saturation degree were observed. The ef-feet of puncture was also compared. Results The pulse and respiration increased and the artery blood oxygen saturation degree decreased after puncture,which were significantly different between the two groups. One- time success rate of puncture,comfort degree and satisfaction degree of patients in the experimental group were better than those of the control group. Conclusions Adjustable and bed- type table for pleu-ral puncture can reduce the uncomfort of patients and increase the success rate of puncture and satisfaction degree of patients.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum Angiopoietin-1 ( Ang-1 ) level and the onset, the severity and the prognosis at 90 d of acute cerebral infarction.Methods The level of serum Ang-1 was measured in 132 acute cerebral infarction patients ( case group ) and 108 healthy controls ( control group ) .The relevant clinical data was also collected.NIHSS was assessed at admission.The severity of the condition was defined according to the NIHSS score.NIHSS score <5, 5 -15 and ≥16 were defined as minor, moderate and severe condition, respectively.mRS was assessed at 90 d after admission.mRS≤2 was defined as good outcome and otherwise defined as poor outcome.Results Compared with control group, proportion of patients who had a history of smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and atrial fibrillation were significant higher, serum Ang-1 concentration was significant lower ( all P<0.05 ) .Logistic analysis showed that serum Ang-1 level and a history of diabetes mellitus were associated with the occurrence of acute cerebral infarction ( all P<0.01 ) .The serum Ang-1 level in minor, moderate and severe condition patients was (1.12 ±0.35) ng/ml, (0.96 ±0.39) ng/ml and (0.76 ±0.49) ng/ml.There were significant differences among them ( P=0.003) .There was a significant relationship between the severity and the serum Ang-1 level ( r=-0.267, P=0.002 ) .Compared with good outcome patients, the poor outcome patients had significant higher NIHSS score and higher proportion of a history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, and lower serum Ang-1 concentration ( all P<0.05 ) .NIHSS score and serum Ang-1 concentration at admission had a significant relationship with 90 d outcome of acute cerebral infarction patients ( all P<0.01) .Conclusion Serum Ang-1 level was lower in acute cerebral infarction patients and it had significant relationship with the onset, severity and 90 d outcome of acute cerebral infaration.

Pancreatic abscess(PA)is the most serious complication of severe acute pancreatitis(SAP),which can lead to systemic and/ or local complications,and even death. PA cannot be resolved automatically after the formation. Once diagnosed,early drainage,anti-infection and nutrition support should be undertaken,the most important is early drainage. In the past,the treatment of PA was mainly based on surgical treatment. With the development of minimally invasive techniques,endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)guided drainage and percutaneous catheter drainage(PCD)offer a new way for the treatment of PA. Preventing and early diagnosis of PA become a challenge in the treatment of SAP. This article reviewed the progress in diagnosis and treatment of SAP complicated with PA.