Upon the previous studies on the effect of spinal cord repair kinetics, we report the effect of extending the irradiation schedules to 3 treatment day per week. The animals in the experimental group received a pair of 2Gy fraction every other day separated by intervals (day/overnight) of 6h/42h and 8h/40h, respectively. There was significant shift by increasing interfraction intervals from 6/18h and 8/16h to6h/42h and 8h/40h, respectively. It is suggested that the tolerance of spinal cord is reduced while the overnight intervals are shortened from 42h and 40h to 18h and 16h, respectively and the repair of sublethal damage of spinal cord following multifraction treatment per day used in the clinic is not completed. With biexponential model, the ?/? ratio derived from these pooled data was 2.2Gy. T 1/2 values from spinal cord were obtained as 1.3h and 5.5h. It showed that the repair kinetics parameters are in well agreement with the results from the previous work. The repair processes are not influenced by interruption during radiotherapy.

The biology rationale for radiotherapy in the treatment of malignant disease is based on repair, repopulation,reoxygenation and cell cycle redistribution. Various aspects of the roles of the 4R' are discussed, including in determining the sensitivity of tumors and normal tissue tolerances. An improvement in therapeutic ratio may derive from reducing the dose per fraction and minimizing the overall treatmemt duration. Some methods have developed to predict the response of normal and tumor tissues before radiotherapy. The parameters of cell survival at 2Gy(SF2) was correlated with clinical outcome. There is reasons to suppose that the pretreatment tumor LI and Tpot mat be good predictors for tumor repopulation kinetics. This review also discussed the rationale for the use of LQ model in fractionated radiotherapy.

Objective To correctly apply the Capability Maturity Model Integration(CMMI) model to the development process of medical device software,thus optimizing and improving the development process and enhancing the software process capability.Methods The matching between CMMI and IEC62304 was analyzed.The compatibility on application was investigated by taking risk management(the core process) as an example.Results The interface between CMMI and IEC62304 was discovered as well as their optimized process in risk management.Conclusion The process of medical device software development not only can be improved by CMMI model,but also should be.

The paper reviewed basic concepts of corporate governance.Based on these concepts,the authors proposed the general strategy and practices for introducing corporate governance structure at the hospital,and stated key characteristics of such a structural reform,thus making worthwhile attempts to this direction.

Recently,with the factors such as diet and environmental has changed a lot,the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) increased year by year,which has attract the attention of the public gradually.There is no simple,noninvasive and relatively specific indicators which could assist the diagnosis,diseases activity evaluation,treatment effect monitoring,and prediction of disease recurrence possibility of IBD,endoscopic examination and histo-pathologic biopsy is the most accurate method used in clinical,but it has the disadvantages of invasive and time consuming which is poorly accepted by patients with IBD.In recent years,with the further research of IBD,a series of noninvasive,convenience and high specificity biomarkers of IBD have been undergone evaluation,especially some fecal biomarkers.

Objective To introduce the development of an adjustable and bed- type table for pleural puncture and observe its clinical effect. Methods 100 patients who were to undergo pleural puncture were divided into the experimental group and the control group with 50 cases in each group.The experimen-tal group adopted the adjustable and bed-type table for pleural puncture, while the control group used the conventional method.The pulse,respiration and artery blood oxygen saturation degree were observed. The ef-feet of puncture was also compared. Results The pulse and respiration increased and the artery blood oxygen saturation degree decreased after puncture,which were significantly different between the two groups. One- time success rate of puncture,comfort degree and satisfaction degree of patients in the experimental group were better than those of the control group. Conclusions Adjustable and bed- type table for pleu-ral puncture can reduce the uncomfort of patients and increase the success rate of puncture and satisfaction degree of patients.

ObjectiveTo discuss the feasibility and effect of clinical application of the single-bag and double-chamber anus tube.MethodsPatients who needed retention enema and non-retention enema(80 cases) were divided into 2 groups with 40 cases in each group.The test group was given enema by single-bag and double-chamber anus tube.The control group was given enema by traditional rubber anus tube.The reaction and clinical effect were compared between the two groups.ResultsIn the test group,pain and malaise lessened,intestinal cleaning was good,enema liquid reservation prolonged,the satisfaction degree of patients improved,compared with that of the control group (P<0.01).ConclusionsClinical application of self-made single-bag and double-chamber anus tube can give lesser pain and better effect of patients,and it improved satisfaction degree of patients and efficiency of nursing work greatly.

The heterogeneity is one of the main points in study on the mast cells. In the present paper, the heterogeneity of skin connective mast cells (CTMC) in comparison with that of gastrointestinal mucosal mast cells (MMC) with both toluidine blue staining and immunostaining was studied. The results showed that the CTMC fixed with formaldehyde could be demonstrated with routine toluidine blue staining, whereas the MMC could be demonstrated only with lower pH and prolonged staining duration. In immunostaining almost all of the CTMC showed serotoninimmunoreactivity, and only 10% of the CTMC showed substance P-immunoreactivity; while approximate 35% of the MMC showed serotonin-immunoreacivity and no substance P-immunoreactivity was found. The results indicate that the mast cell heterogeneity may be found in toluidine blue staining as well as in immunostaining.

Objective To analyze the clinical feature, diagnosis, treatment a nd prognostic factors of primary lymphoma of the small bowel. Methods From Apr il 1989 to May 2002, 33 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the small bowel were analyzed retrospectively. The Ann Arbor stages were: ⅠE 12, ⅡE 15 and Ⅳ E 6. The histological subtypes were: T-cell lymphoma 1 and B-cell lymphomas 32. A ll the patients received surgical treatment including radical or palliative rese ction. Twenty-six patients received postoperative radiotherapy including strip -f ield technique in 12 and opposed anterior-posterior fields in 14, with a median dose of 2543.5?cGy. Postoperative chemotherapy were applied to all patients inclu ding CHOP regimen in 17, COMP regimen in 6, COP regimen in 3, MINE regimen in 2, COPP regimen in 3 and BACOP regimen in 2. The median number of cycle was 4. Results The overall 5-year survival rate and disease-free survival rate were 48% and 39%. The 5-year survival rates were: ⅠE stage 42%, ⅡE stage 67% and ⅣE s tage 17%, respectively. Conclusions Most of the primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the small intestine are in stage ⅠE and ⅡE, and the intermediate-grade and h igh-grade pathological subtypes are predominant. Surgery based combined treatme n t is effective and is advised. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy may improve the sur vival.

Recent studies of immunology have aroused new interest in regulatory T cell for immune responses,and scientists have recognized that suppressor T cells exist in vivo and regulatory T(Treg) cells play a crucial role in mediating immune tolerance and preventing autoimmune diseases.This article reviews the types,characteristics,mechanisms,and roles of Treg in immune tolerance,aiming to offer some important theoretical evidence for the treatment of allograft rejection and autoimmune diseases.