[Objective]To investigate the rlpairing effect on articular cartilage defects by composite of cocultures of autogenic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) and chondrocytes with allogenic fully deproteinized bone(FDB),in order to provide basis for optimizing seeding cells resources.[Method]Seeding cells were collected from two-passaged BMSCsand chondroeytes and then cocultured at the rate of 2 to 1.Full thickness articular cartilage defects in the knee joints of rabbits repaired by cocultured cells seeded into allogenic FDB were served as experimental group A,by simple FDB as control group B and by nothing as blank control group C.Repaired tissues were evaluated with macroscopic views,histological scores and immunohistochemistrical stains at 8 and 16 weeks postoperatively.[Result]Chondrocytes cocultured riched in extracellular matrix and proliferated promptly.In A regenerated tissues represented hyaline-like,smoothness and flat.In group B and C,repaired tissues were fiberous and no repaire in group C.Histological scores of experimental group A excelled group B and C with statistically significant differences(P0.05).Immunohistochemistrical stains showed that cells in the zones of repaired tissues were larger in size,arranged columnnedly,riched in type-Ⅱ collagen matrix and integrated satisfactorily with native adjacent cartilages and subchondral bones in the experimental group A at 16 weeks postoperatively.[Conclusion]Cocultures of autogenic BMSCS with chondrocytes can promote proliferation of chondrocytes and production of chondral matrix.Cocultures as seeding cells can save a number of chondrocytes,shorten culturing periods and reduce subcultured times.Cocultures embedded into FDB can repair articular cartilage defects effectively.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate synergistic effect of carbapenems combined with fosfomycin(FOS)on carbapenems-re-sistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from urinary tract infections in vitro. METHODS:The minimum inhibitory concentration was detected using agar double dilution method. The fractional inhibitory concentration index was determined by checkerboard meth-od. The effect of carbapenems combined with FOS on biofilm of P. aeruginosa isolates was determined using 96 crystal violet stain-ing. RESULTS:12 strains of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates were highly sensitive to FOS and amikacin,and were com-pletely resistant to imipenem and meropenem. The combination of imipenem with FOS could induce a synergistic effect on 4 strains (33.3%);meropenem combined with FOS could induce a synergistic effect on 5 strains(41.7%);no antagonistic effect of carbap-enems combined with FOS appeared. FOS combined with carbapenems could inhibit the biofilm of carbapenems-resistant P. aerugi-nosa(P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:The combination of carbapenems with FOS possesses in vitro synergistic antibacteri-al effect on part of carbapenems-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates,the mechanism of which may be associated with inhibiting the bio-film.

Objective To study the biofilm formation ability and related gene distribution of Staphylococcus (S .) aureus iso‐lated from urinary tract infections to provide the theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of clinical infection .Methods The minimal inhibitory concentration was detected using the agar double dilution method .The bacterial adhesion ability was deter‐mined by flat colony counting method .The biofilm formation ability was analyzed by the 96‐well crystal violet staining method .The biofilm‐associated genes were detected by PCR amplification .Results Eleven clinical strains of S .aureus were high resistant to pen‐icillin and erythromycin ,whereas were all sensitive to vancomycin and nitrofurantoin .All the isolates had a strong ability of adhe‐sion ,but the biofilm formation ability was weak .Among them ,the icaAD and icaBC genes were amplified in 10 S .aureus isolates . Conclusion The adhesion ability and biofilm formation ability of S .aureus isolated from urinary tract infections have the strain differences ,and ica is an important gene of S .aureus biofilm formation .

AIM: To discuss the establishment of immediate diabetic keratopathy animal model of C57BL/6 mouse induced by ahigh-fat and high-glucose diet.
METHODS: Diabetes mellitus was induced by a high-fat and high-glucose diet in C57BL/6 mouse. 1% rose bengal was stained on the cornea to examine the integrality of the corneal epithelium at 2 ~ 12mo after completion of the model. Corneal epithelial wound healing was observed using a vivo epithelial debridement model which was dyed by sodium fluorescein. Corneal morphology histology was examined by pathological methods.
RESULTS: The high-fat and high-glucose diet C57BL/6 mouse in 2mo had showed general symptoms of diabetes: polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, weight loss etc. The model had a steady-state high glucose (≥18mmol/L), also the weight was lower compared with normal control mouse. 1% rose bengal corneal staining had dot coloring at 2mo after completion of the model, the stained area and extent were gradually increased with the extension of the duration of diabetes, almost all the cornea was stained at 12mo after completion of the
model. With the passage of time into a mold, the cornea epithelial healing time become longer: 2mo was about 40h;3mo was about 120h; 4, 6, 12mo was about 144h;the coloboma were gradually increased at 12mo after completion of the model, then the area was reduced gradually until complete healing, the time was 96~120h, showed repeating phenomenon.
CONCLUSION: The mouse were induced by high-fat and high-glucose diet can be used as animal models of diabetic keratopathy: the damage of epithelium for corneal and delay healing on epithelium and other symptoms.

Epidemiological surveys show that folic acid can prevent prostate cancer, but fortified folic acid may increase the risk of the malignancy. The physician data queries from the National Cancer Institute of the USA describe folate as protective against prostate cancer, whereas its synthetic analog, folic acid, is considered to increase prostate cancer risk when taken at levels easily achievable by eating fortified food or taking over-the-counter supplements. We review the current literature to examine the effects of folate and folic acid on prostate cancer, help interpret previous epidemiologic data, and provide a clarification regarding the apparently opposing roles of folate for patients with prostate cancer. A literature search was conducted in Medline to identify studies investigating the effect of nutrition and specifically folate and folic acid on prostate carcinogenesis and progression. In addition, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database was analyzed for the trends in serum folate levels before and after mandatory fortification. Folate likely plays a dual role in prostate carcinogenesis. There remains some conflicting epidemiologic evidence regarding folate and prostate cancer risk. However, there is growing experimental evidence that higher circulating folate levels can contribute to prostate cancer progression. Further research is needed to clarify these complex relationships.
Dietary Supplements ; adverse effects ; Disease Progression ; Folic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; pharmacology ; Food, Fortified ; Humans ; Male ; Nutrition Surveys ; Nutritional Status ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; blood ; chemically induced

OBJECTIVETo observe the expressions of Calbindin(CB) and Parvalbumin (PV), the two calcium-binding protein, in auditory pathway in mice of wild type C57BL/6J and kit⁺/kitW⁻ ²Bao, a kit gene mutant.

METHODSSix mutated kit gene kit⁺/kitW⁻ ²Bao mice and 6 wild type C57BL/6J (B6) mice were anaesthetized i. p. with chloral hydrate. After the mice were fixed by heart perfusion, the brains were removed and coronal sections were cut with a freezing microtome.

RESULTSWe found that wild type mice had significant expressions of PV on ventral cochlear nucleus, anterior part (AVCN), ventral cochlear nucleus, posterior part (PVCN), inferior colliculus (IC) and auditory cortex (AC). CB was expressed in wild type mice on PVCN and nucleus of the trapezoid body (Tz). The mutant of kit gene induced the less expression of PV on PVCN, IC and AC (P < 0.01), but increased the expression of Tz (P < 0.01). CB could not be observed on PVCN in mutant mice, and the expression of AC was increased( P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONCB and PV has differential expression level in auditory pathway. Since mutated kit gene can affect expression of PV on PVCN, IC, Tz and AC, as well as CB on PVCN and AC, it suggests that the mutation of kit gene can affect the advanced function of central nervous system in auditory pathway.

Animals ; Auditory Cortex ; metabolism ; Auditory Pathways ; metabolism ; Calbindins ; metabolism ; Inferior Colliculi ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mutation ; Parvalbumins ; metabolism ; Pons ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical efficacy of comprehensive Western medical treatment plus Compound Yindan Decoction (CYD) in treatment of acute cholestatic hepatitis (ACH).

METHODSUsing randomized controlled study, 60 ACH patients in line with inclusive criteria were randomly assigned to the treatment group (treated by comprehensive Western medical treatment plus CYD) and the control group (treated by comprehensive Western medical treatment alone), 30 in each group. Scores for symptoms and levels of liver functions [total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), total biliary acid (TBA)] were observed before and after treatment.

RESULTSCompared with before treatment in the same group, total scores for symptoms decreased in the treatment group and the control group at the end of the 1st and the 4th week after treatment (all P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, total scores for symptoms decreased in the treatment group at the end of the 1st week (P < 0.05). Compared with before treatment, serum levels of TBIL, DBIL, ALP, GGT, and TBA all decreased in the two groups at the end of the 4th week after treat- ment (P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, serum levels of TBIL, DBIL, ALP, GGT, and TBA all decreased in the treatment group at the end of the 1st and the 2nd week after treatment (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the average time for TBIL and DBIL decreasing to the level less than five times the normal value was significantly shorter in the treatment group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCYD could significantly improve clinical symptoms of ACH patients, decrease serum levels of TBIL and DBIL, reduce serum levels of ALP, GGT, and TBA, obviously improve cholestasis, and promote the recovery.

Alkaline Phosphatase ; Bilirubin ; Cholestasis ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis ; drug therapy ; Humans ; gamma-Glutamyltransferase

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL),which is a common and frequently encountered disease,is considered to be a medical emergency in otolaryngology.The prevalence of SSHL is increasing in China.The pathogenesis of SSHL is not clear yet.Microcirculatory disorder of inner ear is considered as one of the most important causes of SSHL.In recent years,several reports have found the levels of serum lipids were changed in patients affected by SSHL.The relationship between SSHL and serum lipids was reviewed to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of SSHL.

Objective To detect the changes of number and function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in gld.apoE-/-C57BL/6 mice,and to investigate whether premature atherosclerosis of gld.apoE-/-C57BL/6 mice was mediated by the dysfunction of these EPCs.Methods EPCs were isolated from peripheral blood and bone marrow of four types of C57BL/6 female mice:gld+/+apoE+/+,gld,apoE-/-and gld.apoE-/-.The percentage of EPCs was analyzed by FACS as CD11b-Sca-1+CD309+ cells.The attached cells were stained with DiI labeled acetylated low-density lipoprotein (DiI-ac-LDL) and FITC-labeled Ulex Europaeus agglutinin 1 (FITC-UEA-1) double staining to determine their phagocytic function.The adherent function of EPCs was determined by calculating the number of re-cultured EPCs.The capacity of EPCs to form the cavity structure was detected by calculating the number of the formed vascular-like structure.Results The percentage of circulating EPCs was significantly decreased in the gld.apoE-/-group (0.012±0.002)％ compared to the gld+/+ apoE+/+ group [(0.039±0.005)％,P＜0.01],the gld group [(0.025±0.001)％,P＜0.05],and the apoE-/-group [(0.028±0.002)％,P＜0.01].The percentage of bone marrow derived EPCs was decreased in the gld.apoE-/-group (0.12±0.01)％ compared to the gld+/+apoE+/+ group [(0.42±0.05)％,P＜0.05].The percentage of DiI-acLDL and FITC-UEA-1 double positive cells was decreased in the gld.apoE-/-group [(59.2±2.1)％] compared to the gld+/+apoE+/+ group [(87.5±3.0)％,P＜0.01],and the gld group [(84.2±6.0)％,P＜0.01] ; the adherent function of EPCs was impaired in the gld.apoE-/-group [(50.0±5.3)％] compared to the gld+/+ apoE+/+ group [(86.0±7.3)％,P＜0.01],the gld group [(73.0±1.0)％,P＜0.01],and the apoE-/-group [(65.0±4.0)％,P＜0.05] respectively.The capacity of EPCs to form the cavity structure was decreased in the gld.apoE-/-group (4.0±0.3) compared to the gld+/+apoE+/+ group (12.0±1.4,P＜0.01).Conclusion The number of EPCs is decreased in the gld apoE-/-C57BL/6 mice,the adhesion,phagocytosis and angiogenic function of EPCs in the bone marrow are impaired,which may be one of the causes of lupus with atherosclerosis.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of autologous granular fat graft applied for penile lengthening and augmentation.Methods After all the superficial ligment and 1/3-2/ 3 part of the deep suspensory-ligament had been cut off for penile lengthening,local pedicaled fasciaadipose flap was designed to fill the depression,the pre-centrifuged autologous granular fat was injected into the space beneath Buck's fascia for penile augmentation.Normal length,pulling penis length,diameter,circumference and complications were evaluated.Results 34 cases were performed and followed up for 3-18 months,both ideal length and diameter increase of penis were achieved.The differences of nomal length,pulling-length,the diameter and circumference were (2.8±0.1) cm,(2.1±0.2) cm,(0.9 ± 0.1) cm,(2.8 ± 0.1) cm,respectively.The common complications included poor wound healing in 4 cases,preputial edema and subcutaneous scleroma in 8 cases for 3 months.Conclusions Autologous granular fat graft for penile augmentation during the lengthening surgery is a reliable and effective method and easy procedure.Detail processing can decrease the complications.