OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for constructing relief fund system for adverse drug reactions(ADR)in China. METHODS:Referring to the ADR damage relief system in Japan and Taiwan area of China,comparative study was conducted from aspects of the legal basis of the fund establishment,the nature of the authority,financing sources and ratio,relief efforts,etc. And rationalization suggestions were put forward for constructing the relief fund system for ADR in China. RESULTS & CONCLU-SIONS:The ADR damage relief fund system of Japan and Taiwan area of China was established by the law. However,due to dif-ferent administrative system,financing sources and ratio,and relief efforts,there were some similarities (setting related laws, showing similarities in the partnerships between authorities and its health departments)and differences(the nature of fund authori-ties were independent administrative body in Japan,independent corporation in Taiwan area of China and so on)in the elements of the financing model. When constructing the ADR relief fund system,China should accelerate the relevant legislation;the govern-ment should reasonably arrange fund management agency,gradually establish ADR damage relief fund step by step,enhance the public awareness of ADR damage relief fund and establish diversified financing modes with enterprise-based payment.

The paper studies and explores such issues as the concept of teaching in both English and Chinese and the conditions that should be available for bilingual teaching of medicine in 8-year program in universities and some mistakes that should be avoided.Just as the 8-year medical program in medical universities and colleges has been the result of reform and innovation in both system and mentality of medical education in China,bilingual teaching in medicine will also require our new ideas and pioneering spirit.

Objective To study the average ADC and eADC values in the C6 glioma regions and the contralateralnormal caudate nucleus of rat C6 glioma models on 3.0Tesla MR.Methods 32 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighted 250~300 g, were injected with C6 cells in right candate nucleus. All subjects were examined with MR imaging, including conventional and diffusion-weighted imaging with two b values ( 0 and 1000 s/mm~2 ) at 3.0T . ADC and eADC values were determined on ADC and eADC maps . Results The average ADC values in the C6 glioma regions and the contralateral normal caudate nucleus were(0.805?0.12)?10~ -3 mm~2/s and( 0.666?0.13 )?10~ -3 mm~2/s respectively ; the average eADC values in the C6 glioma regions and the contralateral normal caudate nucleus were (0.451?0.06) and (0.519?0.08) respectively. The difference of average ADC and eADC value between C6 glioma region and the contralateral normal caudate nucleus is significant. Conclusion It is feasible to do DWI in rat C6 glioma model with 3.0T MR and the ADC and eADC values measured in C6 glioma model can be used for reference in future studies.

Objective To compare direct magnetic resonance(MR)arthrography with arthroscopy of the wrist for evaluation of injury in the triangular fibrocartilage complex(TFCC).Methods Fourteen cases with suspicion of injury of triangular fibrocartilage complex were performed with conventional MR and direct MR arthrography,10 cases were done by arthroscopy.In the direct MR arthrography,needle placement was obtained using clinical landmark under sterile technique and fluoroscopy,intra-articular injection was performed at the radius-scaphoid space with 5-7 ml 0.3%mixture of Gadolinium (0.1 mmol/L)and saline(0.3 ml Gd-DTPA+100 ml saline).The findings of MRI and MR arthrography were analyzed with results of arthroscopy.Resuits (1)Among 14 cases with injury of TFCC,there were ulnar tear in 5cases,radius tear in 4 cases,complete tear in 5 cases(included 2 cases with long term rheumatoid).(2)High signal intensity and isointensity signal of injury of TFCC were revealed on STIR or T2 WI and T1 WIrespectively,normal hypointensity signal of the TFCC was partially or completely absent.Contrast media at the ulnar insertion(5 cases with ulnar tear)or radius attachment of the TFCC(4 cases with radius tear)were seen in the MR arthrography with difierent extent,5 cases with complete tear showed contrast media at the both ulnar insertion and radius attachment of the TFCC.The findings of MR arthrography were well corresponded with results of arthroscopy on the lesion site,including ulnar tear in 3 cases,radius tear in 4cases and complete tear in 3 cases.(3)Among 14 cases with TFCC,8 cases had dislocation of radius-ulnar joint,6 cases had bone contusion of radius or ulnar,synovial reaction was also clearly depicted on conventional MRI and direct MR arthrography in all cases.Conclusion Compared with results of arthroscopy,direct MR arthrography can adequately reveal the injury of the triangular fibrocartilage complex,synovial reaction and edema changes are depicted on conventional MRI.

Objective To analyze the antiangiogenic effect of stereotatic radiosurgery (SRS) in rat C6 gliomas using MR perfusion imaging(PWI) technique. Methods Twenty rats implanted with C6 glioma cells in the brain were randomly assigned into group A (without any therapy) and group B which underwent SRS therapy 4 weeks after implantation. PWI was performed to measure the regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in tumor's region before therapy in all rats and 1 week later in group B. PWI sequence was applied pre-and post--inhalation of a mixture of 10% CO_2 and 90% air. rCBV and rCBF were analyzed. PaCO_2 and blood PH values were monitored before and aftermixed gas inhalation. All the MRI examination were car-ried out at a 3.0T magnet. The rats were sacrificed after MRI examination. Microvessel density (MVD) and number of mature ves-sels (with muscle layer) were measured histologically using immunohistochemical staining for factorⅧ and smooth muscle actin (SMA). PWI data, and pathological results were analyzed statistically. Results The size of tumors in group B remarkably de-creased with obvious necrotic area in the center 1 week after SRS therapy. PH value decreased and PaCO_2 increased significantly af-ter mixed gas inhalation. Blood gas data changes in group B were not significantly different from that in group A. The rCBV and rCBF of tumor's core in group B declined greatly after SRS treatment. The necrotic area was dark in rCBV and rCBF maps, that suggested no blood supply in this region. After therapy, the changing rate of rCBV and rCBF pre-and post-inhalation of gas in group B was greater than those in group A. The MVD of tumors in group B after treatment was sta-tistically less than that in group A. The number of SMA positively stained vessels in group B was nearly equal to that in group A. The percentage of SMA(+)/MVD in group B was significantly higher than that in group A. Conclusion SRS can inhibit the angiogenesis of rat C6 glioma, however vessels with smooth muscle cells are insensitive to SRS.

Objective To evaluate the value and limitation of MRI in the diagnosis of meningovascular neurosyphilis. Methods Five cases of neurosyphilis confirmed by clinical history/laboratory were examined with MRI (3 plain MRI, 2 enhanced MRI). The results of blood and CSF TPPA/RPR were positive and HIV was negative. Results Abnormal signals were demonstrated in the temporal lobe in 3 cases, and infarction was revealed in the basal ganglion and periventricular white matter in another 2 cases. There was no marked contrast enhancement in the 2 cases. Conclusion Meningovascular neurosyphilis has no characteristic features on MRI, but MRI is an effective method in delineating the size, range, and characters of neurosyphilis, and it is also an useful modality to follow-up after antibiotic therapy.

Objective:To explore the relation between personality,self-esteem and mental health status of armyman serving at aviation.Methods:443 armyman were tested by Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ),Self-Esteem Scale(SES) and Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90).Results:Neuroticism was positively correlated with the total average of SCL-90(r=0.641,P

Objective To evaluate mesenteric muhidetector row CT angiography (MDCTA) in the diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI).Methods In this study,43 cases of AMI proven by clinical criteria,or operation and pathology underwent whole abdomen MDCT precontrast,arterial phase and venous phase scan with 0.6 mm collimation.The mesenteric arteries and veins were reconstructed by using volume rendering (VR),maximum intensity projection (MIP),thin slab maximum intensity projection (TSMIP) techniques,and abnormal CT angiography findings as well as abnormal bowel and mesentery were analyzed.Results It was found that AMI was caused by superior mesenteric artery (SMA) embolism (n =4),SMA thrombosis (n = 6),mesenteric and portal venous thrombosis (n = 13),SMA dissection (n =5),strangulated bowel obstruction (n = 10) and vasculitis (n = 5).MDCTA showed clearly the position,shape,severity and extent of the vascular occlusion,narrow and dissection.It could also demonstrate the abnormal course and direction of the vessels including vascular gathering,shift,tortuosity,retortion,and twist.Furthermore,the pathogenesis of various conditions including atherosclerotic plaque,emboli,thrombosis,dissection,tumorous invasion,strangulated bowel obstruction and vasculitis could be identified by MDCTA.Conclusion MDCTA can clearly demonstrate direct signs leading to AMI,and identify AMI and its etiology at early stage,with the combination with its indirect findings.

Objective To explore the relationship between structure and function in the diseases of posterior visual pathways as well as the anatomic mechanism of the abnormal visual responses.Methods Eleven cases of diseases of posterior visual pathways(3 gliomas,4 meningiomas,3 metastasis,1 stroke) involving either cortical or subcortical visual pathways were investigated by combining fMRI and DTI.fMRI was performed by using flashing checkerboard at 8 Hz.For imaging processing,fMRI analysis was performed with SPM99,and DTI and tractography with DTVⅡ.Fractional anisotropy(FA) of optic radiations and activated volume(VOXELs) of primary visual cortices(V1 and V2) were measured and analyzed at the affected side and the contralateral side.Relative FA(rFA) and relative activated volume(rVOXELs) were also calculated.3D tractography of optic radiations was performed successfully in 11 patients.Results In the patients with brain tumors,FA values in the affected side of optic radiations were significantly different with the contralateral side(P

Objective To study the imaging features and the cause of the cystic meningiomas so as to avoid the misdiagnosis and improve the understanding and knowledge. Methods CT and MRI features in 27 pathologically proved cystic meningiomas were analyzed. There were 10 men and 17 women, and the age ranged from 16 to 80 years with the average age of 49 years. Twenty-six patients were examined by using MRI (24 with enhanced scan), and 15 patients by CT (seven with enhanced scan). 15 patients were examined by both CT and MRI. The image features were analyzed according to Nauta and were compared with operative and pathological findings. Results The cystic meningiomas were mostly epithelial type, but fibrous type, angiomatous type, or papillary type may also be seen. Mostly, the locations were cerebral convexity, but tumors of the tentorium, alisphenoid, olfactory groove, and skull base were also seen. And all were sessile. On imaging, most tumors were parenchymatous with cystic parts, and marked enhancement of the parenchymatous part could be seen. Some were entirely cystic with parenchymatous nodule, the nodule enhanced markedly and the wall of the cyst may be or not be enhanced. Of the 27 cases, four cases were NautaⅠ, seven cases were NautaⅡ, one case was Nauta Ⅲ, and ten cases were Nauta Ⅳ. Three were both Nauta Ⅱand Ⅲ in 3 cases, Nauta Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ in 1 and both Nauta Ⅲ and Ⅳ in 1, respectively. Conclusion The cystic meningiomas have characteristic imaging features. CT and MRI, especially MRI, are valuable in the diagnosis.