Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) can be classified into different types based on the etiology, positions with the retinal pigment epithelium, distance to the geometric center of the foveal avascular zone, fundus fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography. Subtypes of CNV are also existed. The different classifications have different clinical significances. Comprehend the classification of CNV has important value in evaluating the lesions and guideline for treatment.

Objective To investigate the relationship of diabetic nephropathy with serum endothelin-1(ET-1) and C-reactive protein(CRP). Methods Levels of blood pressure, glucose, lipid, creatinine,ET-1,CRP and urinary albumin excretion(UAER) were measured and calculated in 86 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and 30 healthy subjects. Results Serum ET-1 and CRP were significantly higher in T2DM than in control(P<0.05，P<0.01).Serum ET-1 and CRP were increased with increment of serum creatinine and UAER(P<0.05，P<0.01). Conclusions Serum ET-1 and CRP may be involved in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy.

Retinal hemorrhage can be divided into intravitreal, subhyaloid, subinner limiting membrane, superficial retinal, deep retinal, subretinal and subpigment epithelial hemorrhage. Each of these hemorrhages has a characteristic and recognizable appearance. Comprehending the classification and characteristic of retinal hemorrhage has important value in diagnosis, differential diagnosis and guideline for treatment.(Ophthalmol CHN, 2009, 18: 221-224)

This paper analyzes the reform and challenge of the medical literature retrieval in the new situation and shows the view from teaching target,teaching staff development,course content,course system and teaching methods

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC)is a common eye disease characterized by macular serous retinal detachment.However,sometimes there are some atypical features,such as diffuse retinal pigment epitheliopathy,choroidal neovascularization (CNV),acute bullous retinal detachment,subretinal fibrosis,etc.Atypical CSC often is misdiagnosed because of its similar manifestations to polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV),inflammatory diseases such as Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (VKH),et al.Furthermore,there are some other ophthalmic and systematic diseases which can cause serous retinal detachment and other atypical features.Nevertheless,the therapeutic regimens of these diseases are in great variation.In view of this,oculist should pay more attention to the differential diagnosis of CSC by fully understanding its clinical findings and concerning the general history including gluococorticoid administration.In this way,a precise diagnosis and correct management can be done.

Gynecological malignancies have seriously affected women′s living quality and survival.In recent years,studies have shown that androgen is closely related to the occurrence and development of gynecologic malignancies.In this paper,we mainly discussed the mechanism of androgen on gynecologic malignancies.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of selective salpingography(SSG)and fallopian tube recanalization(FTR) for diagnosis and treatment of oviduct obstructive infertility with self-made simple coaxial microtube.MethodsSSG and FTR with self-made simple Coaxial Microtube were performed for 76 cases with 134 tubes of obstructive oviduct through wire-guided tubal recanalization,anti-inflammatory and anti-adhesion effect of recanalization fluid,and the patients were treated with anti-bacterial and hydrotubation after operations.ResultsSSG displayed that 81 tubes obstruction in interstitial tubal,25 tubes obstruction in isthmus,16 tubes obstruction in ampulla and 12 tubes obstruction in fimbria.The total recanalization rate of FTR was 76.1%,with the recanalization rate 96.3% in interstitial,the recanalization rate 68.0% in isthmus and the recanalization rate 43.8% in ampulla,and no serious complications occurred.All cases were followed up for one to two years postoperatively.Normal pregnancy pationes were 31 cases(40.8%),and 29 women were normal parturition,2 cases(2.6%) were extrauterine pregnancy.ConclusionThe advantage of SSG and FTR with self-made simple coaxial microtube is low cost,simplicity and excellent efficacy.It is worth popularizing in grass-roots hospitals.

Objective　To analyze the surgical results of uveitis-complicated cataract.Methods　Cataract phacoemulsification surgery was performed on 31 eyes (29 patients) due to uveitis (iridocyclitis 14 eyes, Fuchs heterochromic cyclitis 7 eyes, intermediate uveitis 7 eyes, Vogt-koyanagi-harada syndrome 2 eyes, and sympathetic ophthalmia 1 eye). Follow-up period was 5～28 months, averaging 15 months. Retrospective analysis was made.Results　Postoperative visual acuity≥0.5 was 80%. One eye (Vogt-koyanagi-harada syndrome) showed severe anterior uveitic reaction; One eye (iridocyclitis) had fibrinous membranes on IOL, and white debris on IOL were found in 2 eyes (intermediate uveitis).Conclusion　By using less traumatic phacoemulsification technique to ocular tissue, taking meticulous care to avoid stimulating iris, cleaning up cortex thoroughly during surgery and implanting the IOL in the bag, less inflammatory reaction, less complication and better vision acuity postoperatively at relative quiescence period of uveitis can be achieved.

Objective To evaluate the imaging features of CT and MR in patients with intraductal papillary mucinous tumor of the pancreas (IPMT).Methods Imaging findings of 10 patients with histopathologically proved IPMT were retrospectively analyzed.Of 10 cases,CT was performed in 8 patients,and MR in 6 patients.Results Eight lesions were in pancreatic head and neck,and 2 lesions were in pancreatic body and tail.The images showed the dilated pancreatic duct in all the patients,and the diameter was (0.8 ± 0.2) cm.Three patients had the dilation of branch duct,and 4 patients showed atrophy of pancreatic body and tail.The CT showed 6 cases had cystic masses with septa and mural nodules;and 2 cases had the dilation of the main pancreatic duct with intraductal mural nodules.Lesions showed low signal intensities on T1WI and high signal intensities on T2WI with septa and mural nodules,which showed moderate hypointensity on T1WI and T2WI and heterogeneous enhancement on enhanced T1WI.Conclusions There are some characteristics in CT and MR manifestation of IPMT:common in pancreatic head and neck,dilated pancreatic duct,cystic tumors with septa and mural nodules,and the enhancement of cystic wall,septa and mural nodules.The disease might be correctly diagnosed with these characteristic imaging features.

Objective To study the appearances and early fetures of sacroiliac joints(SIJ) in ankylosing spondylitis on X-ray film and CT,and to valuate the CT examination of sacroiliac joints in the same groups.Methods The plain X-ray film of 73 cases of SIJ of ankylosing spondylitis which had been proved clinicalhy were studied.All the patients had been examed with CT at the same time.The appearances presented by the two methods were concluded compared and graded,the relationship between them was analyzed with statistics.Results The erosion,cystic lesions of bone and swollen of soft tissues were the early features of sacroiliac joints in ankylosing spondylitis,but the detection rate of them by X-ray was 73%,38%,0.6%,by CT was 86%,72%,3%.They can find on CT and conventional radiography,but the detection rate of them by CT was much higher than that by X-ray plain film(?