Nowadays there are still a lot of controversies about indications methods and timing for tracheotomy in the patients who need long-term mechanical ventilation.Some recent studies have shown that early tracheostomy can increase patient comfort compliance and may reduce the use of sedatives,decrease ventilator associated pneumonia occurrence,reduce duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay.Presently we consider that the early tracheostomy may benefit patients needing long-term mechanical ventilation,and percutaneous dilational tracheostomy is a better way of tracheotomy,however we need to correctly grasp the indications.

Child ; Herpesviridae ; classification ; Herpesviridae Infections ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Paramyxoviridae ; classification ; Paramyxoviridae Infections ; diagnosis ; Parechovirus ; classification ; Pediatrics ; Picornaviridae ; classification ; Picornaviridae Infections ; diagnosis ; SARS Virus ; classification ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; diagnosis ; Virus Diseases ; diagnosis ; Viruses ; classification

Objective To evaluate effects of different types of gingival flap suture on the quality of life in patients after removal of mandibular third molar. Methods A randomized, controlled clinical trial design was adopted. Sixty-two patients in oral surgery department, Stomatology Hospital of Tianjin Medical University were selected. Patients were required removal of bilateral symmetry impacted mandibular third molars, and enclosed suture (primary suture) was used in one side, open drainage suture (secondary suture) was used in the other side. The postoperative symptom severity scale (PoSSe scale) was used to evaluate the quality of life in patients after removal of mandibular third molar. The evaluation was completed 7 days after surgery, and the scale was compared between two groups. Results A total of 57 cases of clinical data were enrolled in the final analysis. The operative time for primary suture group was (17.7±4.6) min, and the operative time for secondary su?ture group was (16.3 ± 5.1) min, the difference was not statistically significant (t=1.539, P>0.05). The PoSSe score was sig?nificantly higher in primary suture group (26.348 ± 12.414) than that of secondary suture group (21.633 ± 11.382, P<0.05). Conclusion Secondary suture reduces the influence of teeth removal on quality of life in patients through relieving pain and swelling, and which is suitable for clinical application.

The protective effect of selenium against irradiation were studied by measuring the content of lipid peroxide (LPO) and activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in liver and spleen of BALB/C mice. The results showed that LPO contents in liver and spleen of whole-body-irradiated mice were higher than those of the control group on the third day after irradiation with 3 Gy 60Co ?-ray, while the GSH-Px activity of these tissues was significantly decreased. However, when the animals were given sodium selenite solution 0.2ml (12.5?g selenium) per day via mouth successively for 7 days before irradiation, there were remarkably reduced LPO level and increased GSH-Px activity in liver and spleen of irradiated mice. It is suggested that selenium supplementation may prevent mice from radiation injury by reducing LPO level and increasing GSH-Px activity in liver and spleen.

Cyanobacterial toxins may pose a threat to human health through drinking water and recreational water exposure. The official guideline limits of cyanobacterial toxins have not been established. The human health effects, exposure routes, possible guideline limits and calculation method were introduced in the present paper. The knowledge will provide a base to undertake risk management for the toxins and will also contribute to establishing official guideline limits of cyanobacterial toxins in water and will be benefit for ensuring the safety of drinking water.

Objective This study was designed to investigate positive rate of serum antibody and the distribution of serotypes of Legionella pneumophila in the patients of author's hospital for recent 5 years.Methods All the inspecting results of antibodies in the 1212 serums by indirect immunofluorescence from Jan 1, 2003 to Oct 31, 2007 were reviewed. The clinical information of patients was collected.Results 163 serums were positive (13.5%). Serotype 4 had the highest positive rate of 12.0% followed by serotype 12 (8.5%), 5 (7.8%), 14 (6.1%), 10 (5.9%). Three simultaneously positive serotypes were dominant (21.0%), and 4 or 5 simultaneously positive serotypes were common. In all departments, the highest positive rate (23.3%) was in respiratory ward, in which serotype 4 and 12 were the most (19.0% and 17.2%, respectively).Conclusions Serotype 4 was the most common type of Legionella pneumophila in serotype 1-14. Cross reaction could exist between Legionella pneumophila and other pathogenic microorganism or in different serotypes.

Objective To investige the sensitivity and specificity of anti-proteinase 3 (PR3) capture ELISA in diagnosis of Wegener's granulomatosis (WG),and the correlation between the capture ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIF).Methods Anti-PR3 antibody and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (cANCA) in sera from 72 patients with WG,206 healthy blood donors and 24 patients with autoimmune diseases were detected by classic ELISA,capture ELISA and IIF.Results The sensitivities of classic ELISA and capture ELISA for detection of anti-PR3 in WG diagnosis were 73.6% and 87.5% respectively.The specificities of both the ELISAs were identical (100%).Detection of anti-PR3 by ELISA or IIF alone led to the serological hit rate of 87.5% and 84.7% for WG respectively,but the combination of capture ELISA and IIF increase the hit rate up to 91.6%.Conclusions The sensitivity of anti-PR3 capture ELISA as well as its correlation with IIF is prior to classic anti-PR3 ELISA.The combined detection of anti-PR3 capture ELISA and IIF may increase the diagnosis rate of clinically suspected WG.

Objective To study the synthesizing site,transporting mode,and storing position of essential oil in Pogostemon cablin stems and leaves.Methods Ultrathin slicing and histochemical methods were used.Results In parenchyma cells in the stem of P.cablin,dark osmiophilic material was observed in plastids and mitochondria,otherwise,some small gray vesicles were also found in cytoplasm.Some dark osmiophilic droplets were found to adhere to outer membrane of small gray vesicles,and many small gray vesicles with osmiophilic droplets gathered in outer membrane of large vacuole.In leaves,it was different case.Because palisade tissue cells were arranged closely,which had smaller volume and rich chloroplasts,so there was not large vacuole in palisade tissue cells.Plastids,mitochondria,and small vacuole were distributed in high density,but the first two organelles contained more dark osmilphilic substance than latter.Conclusion The plastid is the main synthesis site of essential oil,and the essential oil was mainly transferred by small gray vesicles into large vacuole to store in the stem.In leaves,chloroplast not only has photosynthesis,but also is the main synthesis site of essential oil,and essential oil is permeated into small vacuole to store.

Mice were fed basic diet or basic diet plus vitamin E 50 mg or 500 mg per kg of diet for 4 weeks. The animals were killed at 6 or 14 days after one exposure to 400 rad X-ray whole body radiation and the number of lymphocytes of spleen and thymus and blastogenic responses of splenocytes were tested. The results showed; (1) the number of lymphocytes both in spleen and thymus were significantly decreased in mice fed basic diet in com-parision with that in mice fed with basic diet plus vitamin E (P