OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical effects of interlocking intramedullary nail and micro-invasive internal fixation with plate for the treatment of multiple segmental tibiofibular fractures.

METHODSThe clinical data of 39 patients with multiple segmental tibiofibular fractures received treatment from January 2010 to June 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. In the 39 patients, 18 cases were treated by the interlocking intramedullary nail (intramedullary nail group), there were 12 males and 6 females with the mean age of (40.6 ± 9.7) years old (ranged, 24 to 60 years);7 cases were type C2.1, 11 were type C2.2 according to the AO classification. The other 21 cases were treated by micro-invasive internal fixation with plate(plate group), there were 13 males and 8 females with the mean age of (41.7 ± 8.1) years old (ranged, 22 to 52 years), 7 cases were type C2.1, 13 were type C2.2, 1 was type C2.3. Preoperative preparation time, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, fracture healing time were compared between two groups. Johner-Wruhs evaluation criteria was used to evaluate the clinical effect at last follow-up.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up from 10 to 28 months with an average of 15.2 months. Operative time, intraoperative blood loss in intramedullary nail group were (62.1 ± 5.8) min, (70.9 ± 7.1) ml, respectively; in plate group were (64.3 ± 7.7) min, (74.1 ± 8.5) ml,respectively. There was no significant difference in operation time and intraoperative blood loss between two groups (P > 0.05). However, preoperative preparation time, fracture healing time in intramedullary nail group were (5.3 ± 0.7) days, (11.1 ± 1.9) months, in plate group were (7.1 ± 0.8) days, (14.1 ± 2.2) months, respectively. No postoperative complications were found in intramedullary nail group, and five cases developed with complications in plate group. There was significant difference in preoperative preparation time, postoperative complications and fracture healing time between two groups (P < 0.05). According to Johner-Wruhs criteria at last follow-up, 11 cases got excellent results, 4 good, 3 fair in intramedullary nail group; 11 excellent, 5 good, 2 poor in plate group.

CONCLUSIONInterlocking intramedullary nail has advantages of shorter preoperative preparation time, less postoperative complications and faster fracture healing time in treating multiple segmental tibiofibular fractures. But the application scope of interlocking intramedullary nail was inferior to micro-invasive internal fixation with plate , and its indications should be strictly controlled.

Adult ; Bone Plates ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Fibula ; injuries ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; methods ; Fracture Healing ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Operative Time ; Retrospective Studies ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo screen the lentiviral vector carrying siRNA and capable of significantly suppressing the ROCK2 gene expression in the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

METHODSWe designed and synthesized 4 siRNA fragments targeting the ROCK2 gene and packaged them into lentiviral vectors. We collected corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cell samples from 5 male SHRs and randomly divided them into groups A (non-transfection control), B (GFP lentiviral transfection), C, D, E, and F (lentiviral transfection with siRNA fragments 1 -4 targeting the ROCK2 gene). Each group consisted of 5 samples and each sample 3 x 10(4) cells. At 48 hours after transfecting MOI = 80 into the SHR corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells, we detected the expression of GFP under the fluorescent microscope and the mRNA expression of the ROCK2 gene by RT-PCR.

RESULTSThe transfection efficiency of the SHR corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells was > 50%. Compared with group A, the expression of ROCK2 mRNA in the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells showed no remarkable change in group B (P > 0.05) but was inhibited very significantly in C ([43.91 +/- 8.19]%), D ([47.15 +/- 6.64]%), and F ([25.7 +/- 6.03]%) (P < 0.01), and significantly in E ([16.81 +/- 5.94]%, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONWe successfully constructed 4 lentiviral vectors carrying siRNA targeting the ROCK2 gene, all of which can significantly suppress the ROCK2 expression in the SHR corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells, and one has a highly strong inhibitory effect.

Animals ; Gene Silencing ; Genetic Vectors ; Lentivirus ; genetics ; Male ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Penis ; cytology ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; Transfection ; methods ; rho-Associated Kinases ; genetics

Objective: Investigate the effects of different intensity of white light, red light and blue light on root morphology and bioactive compounds accumulations of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Methods: The seedlings of S. miltiorrhiza were treated with 4 intensities of white light, red light and blue light, respectively, the morphologic index of root such as the lateral root number, lateral root diameter as well as the content of seven bioactive compounds were determined. Results: The influences of different light quality on the above-ground morphological indexes of S. miltiorrhiza were distinct. Red light of 100 μmol/(m2∙s) and 200 μmol/(m2∙s) promoted the occurrence of lateral root, and blue light of 200 μmol/(m2∙s) and 300 μmol/(m2∙s) significantly increased the root biomass. The accumulation of different bioactive compounds was distinctly affected by light quality and light intensity, the accumulation of tanshinones was more sensitive to the light treatments than that of phenolic acids. Conclusion: Light regulates the lateral root development and accumulations of bioactive compounds simultaneously, the application of artificial light is a promising method to improve the yield and quality of S. miltiorrhiza.

AIDS Vaccines ; HIV Infections ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Nigeria

In the paper, iridology and computer-aided iridiagnosis technologies are briefly introduced and the extraction method of the collarette contour is then investigated. The iris map can be overlapped on the original iris image based on collarette contour extraction. The research on collarette contour extraction and iris map overlap is of great importance to computer-aided iridiagnosis technologies.
Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Iris Diseases ; diagnosis ; Software

BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to determine the effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) engraftment on vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) in lung tissue, plasma and extravascular lung water at early stage of smoke inhalation injury. METHODS: A rabbit smoke inhalation injury model was established using a home-made smoke inhalation injury generator, and rabbits were divided into two groups randomly: a control group (S group, n=32) and a MSCs treatment group (M group,n=32). 10 ml PBS was injected via the ear marginal vein immediately at injury into the S group. Third generation MSCs with a concentration of 1×107/10 ml PBS were injected via the ear marginal vein immediately at injury into the M group. VEGF in peripheral blood and lung tissue were measured at 0 (baseline), 2, 4 and 6 hours after injection respectively and analyzed. The right lungs of rabbits were taken to measure lung water mass fraction. RESULTS: In the lung tissue, VEGF decreased gradually in the S group (P<0.05) and signifi cantly decreased in the M group (P<0.05), but it increased more signifi cantly than the values at the corresponding time points (P<0.05). In peripheral blood, VEGF increased gradually in the S group (P<0.05) and markedly increased in the M group (P<0.05), but it decreased more signifi cantly than the values at corresponding time points (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: MSCs engraftment to smoke inhalation injury could increase VEGF in lung tissue, decrease VEGF in plasma and reduce extravascular lung water, indicating its protective effect on smoke inhalation injury.

0.05).Frequencies of P12A12 genotype and A12 allele in DN group were significantly decreased respectively,when compared with DN-0 group(for P12A12 genotype,9.1% vs 18.1%,P=0.034,OR=0.453;for A12 allele,4.5% vs 9.0%,P=0.041,OR=0.479). Conclusion The observations suggest that P12A polymorphism of PPAR?2 gene is associated with Chinese type 2 diabetic nephropathy,and A12 allele may protect the development of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients of Chinese.

Objective To explore the relationship between Arg913Gln(G→A) polymorphism of solute carrier family 12 member 3 (SLC12A3) gene and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Han population of Shanghai. Methods Two hundred and fifty-eight Han ethnic people in Shanghai with T2DM (T2DM group) were divided into non-DN group (DN0 group, n=95) and DN group (n=163) according to 24 h urine albumin excretion rate (AER), and those in DN group were subdivided into microalbuminuria group (DN1 group, n=95) and macroalbuminuria group (DN2 group, n=68). Besides, 82 people with normal results of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), without diabetes mellitus and nephropathy were served as controls. PCR-sequencing was used to detect the genotypes of Arg913Gln polymorphism of SLC12A3 gene. Genotypic and allelic frequencies and clinical characteristics were compared among groups. Results Three genotypes (GG, GA and AA) were detected. The frequencies of GA+AA genotype and A allele in T2DM group were higher than those in control group, while there was no significant difference between groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in genotypic or allelic frequencies among subgroups of T2DM group (P>0.05). The level of triglyeeride (TG), AER, level of fasting insulin (FINS) and HOMA-IR in patients with GA+AA genotype were significantly higher than those in patients with GG genotype in T2DM group (P<0.05). Conclusion Arg913Gln(G→A) polymorphism of SLC12A3 gene is not significantly associated with T2DM and DN in Han population of Shanghai. The AER of people with GA+AA genotype is significantly higher than that with GG genotype. Arg913Gln (G→A) polymorphism of SLC12A3 gene may predict the risk of increase of albuminuria in patients with T2DM in Han population of Shanghai.

Objective: To explore the false-negative possibility in genetic test of congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Methods: A total of 28 genomic DNA samples were collected from 4 laboratories including 2 commercial medical laboratories using HiSeq2000 platform as Lab1,n=6 and Lab2,n=8; 1 commercial research service laboratory using Ion-torrent platform as Lab3,n=8 and 1 academic laboratory using HiSeq2000 platform as Lab 4,n=6. Sequencing coverage in the exons of protein-coding region in 3 main LQTS pathogenic genes as KCNQ1, KCNH2, SCN5A and possible pathogenic variants were quantitatively analyzed. Results: In Lab1, Lab 2 and Lab 4 with HiSeq2000 platform, above 98% protein coding regions in 3 pathogenic genes were covered with>10-fold reads and 90%-95% were covered with>30-fold reads. In 2 commercial medical laboratories, 3.63% and 9.84% protein coding regions of KCNQ1 gene in 14 samples were covered with<10-fold reads and with<30-fold reads; lower than 10-fold covering region was focused in the 1st exon including about 2% known or likely pathogenic variants. In 2 commercial medical laboratories, 2.64% and 15.76% protein coding regions of KCNH2 gene in 14 samples were covered with<10-fold reads and with<30-fold reads; low covering region was located in multiple exons. For the data from Lab 1, as high as 28.56% protein coding regions of KCNH2 gene were covered with<30-fold reads including 113 (19.79%) known or likely pathogenic variants. SCN5A gene had the best coverage of protein coding region, with no<10-fold reads in all 4 Labs and no<30-fold reads in 2 commercial medical laboratories. Conclusion: Currently, NGS has low coverage region in both KCNQ1 and KCNH2 genes, pathogenic variants could be missed and false-negative possibility should be highly alert.

Objective To observe the distribution of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) and the effects on expression of apoptosis relative proteins Caspase 3 and Bcl-2 after intravenous transplanted into ischemic rat brains.Methods MSCs from SD rats were cultivated and proliferated in vitro and marked with CFSE.MSCs were then intravenously transplanted into middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)models of SD rats.The rats were killed at different time points to observe the distribution of MSCs under fluorescence microscoDe as well as the effects on expression of apoptosis relative proteins Caspase 3 and Bcl-2 using immunohistochemical method.Results Density of Caspase 3 in immunohistochemically positive area in transplantion group were(2.81±0.35)%,(3.98±0.67)%,(5.58±0.92)%,(3.51±0.63)%,(1.64±0.29)%in 6,12,24,72 hours and in 7 days,respectively,and decreased significantly compared with those of control group[(3.92±0.44)%,(5.23±0.30)%,(6.89±0.57)%,(4.39±0.57)%,(2.29±0.21)%],the difference being significant(t=4.37,3.34,2.60,2.32,3.90,P＜0.05 or＜0.01).The density of Bcl-2 in immunohistochemically positive area in transplantation group were(4.70±0.16)%,(5.61±0.26)%,(3.00±0.28)%respectively in 6,12 hours and in 7 days,which had improved significantly compared with those of control group[(3.28±0.27)%,(4.54±0.59)%,(2.15±0.62)%],the difference being significant(t=8.32,3.25,2.54,P＜0.05 or＜0.01).Conclusions Bone marrow MSCs can exert protective effects on brain ischemia and reperfusion injury possibly by down-regulating Caspase 3 and up-regulating Bcl-2.