OBJECTIVE:To establish a RP-HPLC precolumn derivatization method for the content determination of argi-nine(Arg)and proline(Pro)in Folium Isatidis.METHOD:2,4-dinitro-fluorobenzene was undergone precolumn derivatization and the amino acids was determined directly under alkaline condition with Kromasil C 18 as chromatographic column,the mobile phase was composed of sodium acetate buffer solution(pH=6.4)-acetonitrile(850∶150)with detection wavelength at360nm,the content was calculated by external reference method.RESULTS:The linear ranges for Arg and Pro were0.627?g～5.016?g(r=0.9996)and0.874?g～7.000?g(r=0.9995),respectively.The average recovery was98.2%with RSD at2.3%and2.2%,respectively.CONCLUSION:The method is simple,accurate and reliable,and suitable for the assaying of amino acids in Folium Isatidis.

Objective:To investigate the difference of amplitude and duration in submental muscles and infrahyoid muscles activities during pharyngeal swallowing between normal adults and post-stroke dysphagia by using surface electromyography technique and analysis system.Method:The clinical data from 30 cases of PSD and 30 healthy controls were collected.ME6000-T8-type sEMG machine was used to collect sEMG of two groups in resting state,saliva swallow and wet swallow,and therefore calculate the average amplitude and duration.Result:①In resting state:there were no statistical difference in the average amplitude of submental and infrahyoid muscles between PSD group and control group(P＞0.05);In PSD group:statistical differences were not observed in the amplitude between submental muscles and infrahyoid muscles;In control group:there were no statistical difference in the average amplitude between submental muscles and infrahyoid muscles;②During dry swallowing:the results indicated that the average amplitude of submental and infrahyoid muscles in PSD group were significantly lower than that in control group;and the duration of submental and infrahyoid muscles was significantly lower with statistical difference(P＜0.05).③During wet swallowing(swallowing5ml water):the average amplitude of submental and infrahyoid muscles in control group were significantly higher than that in PSD group(P＜0.005);and the duration of submental and infrahyoid muscles were also significantly prolonger (P＜0.001);④Intra-group comparison:statistically differences were not observed in the amplitude and duration between submental muscles and infrahyoid muscles for both PSD group and control group(P＞0.05).Conclusion:sEMG could be used as a non-invasive、simple、rapid tool in detecting the sEMG activities of related muscles during pharyngeal swallowing.The average amplitude and duration of submental and infrahyoid muscles can not only preliminarily screen and evaluate swallowing function,but also reflect the complexity and the elevation persistence time of the hyoid bone and the larynx in elevation movement,which were used to evaluate the neuromuscular function and predict the risk of aspiration of patients.

Objective To explore the related factors of atherosclerosis in senile obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) patients.Methods From May 2012 to January 2014,129 elderly hypertension and type 2 diabetes patients were recruited.According to the presence or absence of OSAHS,they were divided into OSAHS (n =60) and non-OSAHS (n =69) groups.And 30 physical examination subjects were selected as control group.The parameters of age,gender,height,weight,high sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP),homocysteine (Hcy),triglyceride (TG),total cholesterol (TC),high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C),low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and intimate-media thickness of carotid artery (CIMT) were measured with ultrasonography.And their levels were compared among OSAHS,non-OSAHS and normal control groups.And the correlations were analyzed between CIMT and Hs-CRP,Hcy,TG,TC,HDL-C,LDL-C,age and body mass index (BMI).Results The levels of Hs-CRP[(3.40 ± 0.91) mg/L,(2.57 ± 1.01) mg/L],Hcy [(16.50 ± 2.89) μmol/L,(11.20 ± 2.32) μmol/L],CIMT[(1.06 ±0.14) mm,(0.93 ±0.13) mm],TG[(2.52 ± 1.40) mmol/L,(2.51 ±2.02) mmol/L],TC[(5.74 ± 1.16) mmol/L,(5.49 ± 1.09) mmol/L] and LDL-C[(3.15 ±0.47) mmol/L,(3.05 ±0.70) mmol/L] in both OSAHS and non-OSAHS groups were higher than those in normal control group [Hs-CRP:(2.06 ± 1.22) mg/L,Hcy:(6.04 ± 1.85) μmol/L,CIMT:(0.65 ± 0.07) mm,TG:(0.99±0.24) mmol/L,TC:(3.63 ±0.71) mmol/L and LDL-C:(2.47 ±0.27) mmol/L] (OSHAS group vs.control group,t =5.88,18.15,15.62,5.91,9.17,7.47,non-OSAHS group vs.control group,t=2.20,10.73,11.51,4.09,8.56,4.45,all P＜0.05).The levels of Hs-CRP,Hcy,CIMT and plaque score were higher in OSAHS group than those in non-OSAHS group [(1.92 ± 1.03) vs.(1.35 ± 0.97) points] (OSHAS group vs.non-OSAHS group,t =4.84,11.72,5.54,3.91,all P ＜0.05).CIMT or carotid artery plaque were related with age,BMI,TG,TC,LDL-C,Hs-CRP and Hcy in OSAHS group.Conclusions OSAHS may elevate the level of inflammatory factors and cause atherosclerosis.And the changes of CIMT,Hs-CRP and Hcy are parallel.Hcy also has important clinical significance in the progression of atherosclerosis.

In this article,the principle of atomic absorption spectrometry and construction of this analyzer are introduced,so that we can exchange and improve our related knowledge as the users increase.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the average amplitude of swallowing-related muscles during pharyngeal swallowing and age and swallow model of healthy adults in different age groups.Methods A total of 200 healthy adults were recruited and divided into 4 age groups:group A (18 ～ 30 years old,n =59),group B (30～50 years old,n=50),group C (50 ～70 years old,n=49) and group D (70 years old,n=40).Surface electromyography was used to acquired the average amplitude of electrical activity of the muscles during three swallow models:resting state,voluntary single swallows of saliva (dry swallowing),voluntary single swallows of 5 ml water at once(wet swallowing)and voluntary single swallows 20 ml water at once.The mean value of the average amplitude of normal adults of different ages were calculated and analyzed.Results ①Intergroup comparison showed no difference in the average amplitude of submental muscles and infrahyoid muscles among the 4 age groups (P ＞ 0.05) in all the three swallowing models ;②Intra-group comparison showed that,there were no statistical differences in the average amplitude of submental muscles among the three swallow models between groups A and B (P ＞ 0.05).In group C,there were no statistical differences between dry swallowing and wet swallowing of 5 ml of water in terms of the average amplitude of submental muscles and infrahyoid muscles during dry swallowing.(P ＞ 0.05),however,but there existed statistical differences in terms of the average amplitude of submental muscles and infrahyoid muscles,when comparing dry swallowing with voluntary single swallowing 20 ml water at once(P ＜ 0.05).The average amplitude of submental muscles and infrahyoid muscles during swallowing of 20 ml water were significantly higher than that during wet swallowing(P ＜0.05).In group D,there was no difference between drying swallow and wet swallowing(P ＞ 0.05)in terms of the mean sEMG amplitude of the muscles,but all lower than swallowing 20 ml of water,with a statistically significant differences(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The sEMG amplitude in swallowing-related muscles during pharyngeal swallowing is not related to age,but swallowing models.

Objective To study clinical manifestations,laboratory variables,imaging features and therapies of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP).Methods The retrospective analysis of clinical data was conducted in 45 children with RMPP and 74 children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP)admitted to department of pediatrics.The general data,clinical manifestations,laboratory variables,imaging features and therapies were compared between two groups.Results As compared to MPP,the age(6.14 ±3.35)y,febrile days(9.49 ± 5.28)d,the hospitalized days(11.45 ±3.42)d were significantly higher than that of MPP group (P <0.001);RMPP had higher rations of unilateral pulmonary infiltration[41(91.11%)],large consolidation shadows[35(77.78%)], pulmonary[21(46.67%)]and extrapulmonary complications[24(51.33%)](P <0.05);CRP,ESR,LDH and IgM were increased,the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01);Thirty -seven cases(82%)of RMPP had to add ceftriaxone sodium,thirty -two cases(71.7%)of RMPP had to add glucocorticoid,,Bronchofiberoscope lavages were used in six cases of RMPP.Only one case of RMPP occured sequela.Conclusion The older children,the per-sistent high fever,large consolidation shadows of pulmonary,pulmonary and extrapulmonary complications,high level of serum CRP,ESR,LDH and IgM are the clinical related factors of RMPP.The combination of cephalosporins and (or)glucocorticoid might consider for the cases who have no effect with macrolides.The effect is sure for RMPP with Bronchofiberoscope lavages.

miRNAs (microRNAs) are small RNA which regulate gene expressions at the post-transcriptional level.Recently studies have suggested that miRNA is associated with the development of diabetes mellitus and its complications.This artcle reviews the regulation of miRNA in diabetes mellitus and its cardiovascular complications,and the biomarkers' value and application of miRNA in the treatment of diabetes mellitus,aiming to develop new insight for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Objective To investigate the incidence and trend of colorectal cancer in Wenling City of zhejiang Province from 2006 to 2011.Methods The date of colorectal cancer cases were collected from the tumor registersystem.The incidence rates,time trend and regional distributionof colorectal cancer were analyzed.Results The overall incidence of colorectal cancer in Wenling City was rising.The annual average incidence was 22.67/105.The incidence of colorectal cancer both in man and woman were increased with age,especially in ages between 55 and 75.The incidence of colorectal cancer was highest in city,followed in fringe area and lowest in rural.But the average annual growth rate was highest in rural.Conclusion The incidence trend of colorectal cancer is rising in Wenling City.Control measures of colorectal cancer according to the risk factors should be given,especially in rural area.

Objective To explore the distribution of parvovirus B19 (HPVB19) infection in patients with leukopenia.Methods Patients who visited the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University from January 2015 to June 2016 were analyzed.Patients with peripheral leucocytes count less than 3.5×109/L were included in experiment group and healthy people were included in control group.HPVB19 IgG and IgM were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and HPVB19 DNA was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Differences in continuous data between two groups were compared with two-sample t test and those in categorical data were compared with Chi-square test.Results A total of 79 patients were included in experiment group, including 32 males and 47 females.Ages ranged from 24 to 62 years old.And 126 healthy individuals were included in control group, including 55 males and 71 females.Ages ranged from 28 to 67 years old.The positive rates of HPVB19 IgG, IgM and DNA in experiment group were 34.2%, 5.1% and 3.8%, respectively, while those in control group were 36.5%, 0 and 0, respectively.The detection rates of HPVB19 IgM and DNA between two groups were significantly different (χ2=6.507, P=0.011 and χ2=4.856, P=0.028, respectively).Sequence analysis for 3 of the HPVB19 DNA positive samples showed that there were two single nucleotide polymorphisms in VP1/VP2 sequence from one patient, which contributed to the 153rd (L/H) and 219th (N/Y) amino acids mutations, respectively.Phylogenetic analysis found that two strains belong to genotype 1a and one strain belongs to genotype 1b.Conclusions Detection rate of parvovirus HPVB19 infection (positive rates of HPVB19 IgM and DNA) in leukopenic patients is significantly higher than healthy controls.HPVB19 should be detected before considering transfusion in leukopenic patients in clinical practice.

AIM:To determine Radix et Rhizoma Rhici in Ganning Granula(Radix et Rhizoma Rhei,Rhizoma Chuanxiong). METHODS: In order to determine five anthraquinone aglycones of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei,the HPLC system consisted of Nucleosil ODS column,methand-0.1% phosphoric acid(85∶15) mixture as mobile phase,with detection wavelength at 430 nm. RESULTS: HPLC showed that the linearity ranges were as follows: aloe-emodin concentration was at the range of 0.041 6-0.291 2 ?g,the rhein concentration was at the range of 0.037 1-0.259 8 ?g,the emodin concentration was at the range of 0.045 8-0.320 3 ?g,the chrysophanol concentration was at the range of 0.049 60.347 2 ?g,the physcion concentration was at the range of 0.020 6-0.144 5 ?g.The average recoveries of five anthraquinone aglycones were between 96.6%-98.4%.CONCLUSION: The method is simple,accurate,sensible and with good repeatability and can be used for quality control of Ganning Granule.