Objective To investigate the the effect and interaction of morphine dependence model and naloxone doses on withdrawal intensity. Methods To observe the withdrawal signs and weight loss in two kinds of morphine dependent rats after the precipitating by naloxone of different doses an devaluate the withdrawal intensity.Results Morphine dependence were successfully induced in two ways.There was no significant difference of withdrawal intensity in five-day model(total morphine dose 380mg.kg－1) after precipitating by naloxone of 2mg.kg－1 and 4mg.kg－1（P＞0.05）. Withdrawal intensity of twelve-day model(total morphine dose 1365mg.kg－1)increased significantly with the increase of naloxone dose（P＜0.01）,but it was more intensive significantly than five-day model only after 4mg.kg－1 dose of naloxone. Conclusion Appropriate method should be used to induce morphine dependence and these experimental factors should be combined in assessment of withdrawal intensity.

AIM:To observed the variation regularity of corneal endothelial cells in patients with different diabetes duration after phacoemulsification, and investigate the effects of diabetes and its disease duration on corneal endothelial cells.
METHODS: Ninety-seven ( 135 eyes ) cataract patients with diabetes were selected randomly and divided into GroupⅠ( which diabetes duration ≥10a) and GroupII(which diabetes duration <10a) according to their disease duration. Additionally 62 (89 eyes) age-related cataract patients were randomly selected as the control group. The corneal endothelial cell density ( CD ) , proportion of hexagonal cell and coefficient of variation ( CV ) in the three group patients were measured respectively before phacoemulsification and after surgery. And the measurement results were statistically analyzed.
RESULTS:The corneal endothelial CD and proportion of hexagonal cell in the three group were decreased after surgery compared with preoperative. But the CV of corneal endothelial cells was increased on the 1 st wk and in 1st mo after surgery compared with the preoperative. The difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). The corneal endothelial CD and proportion of hexagonal cell in the two diabetic groups were lower than the control group after surgery. However, the CV of corneal endothelial cells was higher than the control group. The difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ) . There was no significant difference in the corneal endothelial CD, proportion of hexagonal cell and CV between the two diabetic groups before phacoemulsification (P>0. 05). The proportion of hexagonal cell in Group Ⅰ was lower than which in GroupIIafter surgery. While the CV was higher than which in Group II. The difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05).
CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification has some damage on the corneal endothelial. Since the impact of diabetes on the morphology and function of corneal endothelial cell was related to the diabetic duration. So phacoemulsification has more obvious damage on the corneal endothelial in diabetic patients. And the diabetic duration was longer, the damage on the corneal endothelial in phacoemulsification was more easily.

Objective To explore the effect of celecoxib on proliferation and apoptosis of the glioma cells. Methods The glioma cell U251 was used and disposed with different densities of celecoxib (0 μmol/L, 10 μmol/L, 20 μmol/L, 40 μmol/L and 80 μmol/L) for 24 h, 48h and 72 h. The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to detect the tumor cell proliferation and flow cytometry was used to detect the tumor cell apoptosis rate. Results The Glioma U251 cells proliferation were significantly decreased with the increase of density of celecoxib in vitro, and there was significant difference in the inhibited rate in different density and different time (P<0.05). The apoptosis rate was higher in the density of 80 μmol/L (17.86%) than in that of 0 μmol/L (11.23%) (P<0.05). Conclusion Celecoxib can inhabit the proliferation of glioma U251 cells, and promote the apoptosis especially with the density of 80 μmol/L.

Humans ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Signal Transduction ; physiology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism ; Wound Healing ; physiology

Objective To understand the current status of Toxoplasma gondii(TOX)infection among pregnant women and to explore the risk factors in some areas of Lhasa City,Tibet. Methods From 2015 to 2016,3 districts(counties)of Lhasa City were chosen as the investigation sites,and 200 pregnant women in each district(county)were selected as the investigation objectives. Meanwhile,450 pregnant women from Xuzhou,Yangzhou,Wuxi cities in Jiangsu Province were chosen as the con?trol. Then the blood samples of the pregnant women both in Lhasa and Jiangsu were detected by ELISA for TOX antibodies IgG , IgM,and the detection results were analyzed and compared. In addition,the individual information of the pregnant women in Lhasa City was surveyed by questionnaires,and the related risk factors of TOX infection were analyzed. Results Among 600 pregnant women investigated in Lhasa City,there were 99 pregnant women with positive TOX antibodies,and the positive rate was 16.50%,which was significantly higher than that(5.11%)of the pregnant women in Jiangsu Province(P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference among the 3 districts(counties)of Lhasa City in the positive rates of pregnant women (P>0.05). The positive rates of the women who preferred raw meat or had the intimate contact with animal were high. Conclu?sions Compared with Jiangsu Province,the infection rate of TOX among pregnant women in Lhasa City is high. Therefore,the comprehensive measures including health education,early examination and treatment should be taken actively,so as to prevent and control TOX infection in this area.

Objective To observe the effect of intra-articular injection of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)on the experimental osteoarthritis in rabbits and study the mechanism.Methods Forty rabbits un derwent unilateral anterior cruciate ligament transection(ACLT)and then divided into two groups randomly. 100?mol/L DHEA resolved in the dimethylsulphoxide were injected into the knees of experimental rabbits 4 weeks after transection,once a week for five weeks.Rabbits in the control group were treated under the same schedule using dimethylsulphoxide.All rabbits were killed 9 weeks after ACLT and the knee joints were evalu- ated by gross morphology and histology.The mRNA expression of metalloproteinases-3(MMP-3),tissue in- hibitor of metalloproteinases-1(TIMP-1)and interleukin-lbeta(IL-1?)in the cartilage and synovium was analyzed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results Gross morphologic in- spection and histological evaluation showed that the extent and grade of cartilage and synovium damage in the experimental group were less severe than the control group.The mRNA expression of MMP-3 in cartilage and synovium decreased significantly in the experimental group(both P＜0.05).The mRNA expression of TIMP-1 in cartilage and synovium increased significantly in the experimental group compared with that in the control group(both P＜0.05).No significant difference of IL-1?mRNA expression in cartilage was found between the experimental and the control groups(P＞0.05).The mRNA expression of IL-1?in the synovium was signifi- cantly suppressed in the experimental group compared with that in the control group(P＜0.01).Conclusion DHEA protects against cartilage degradation,alleviates synovium inflammation and inhibits the progression of osteoarthritis in the experimental model.Down-regulation of MMP-3 and up-regulation of TIMP-1 in cartilage and synovium and IL-1?in the synovium may be the mechanism of the protective effect of DHEA on os- teoarthritis.

Objective To study the methods and outcome of 71 patients with Parkinson's disease treated with microelectrode-guided stereotactic pallidotomy and thalamotomy. Method Pallidal and thalamal target sites are chosen by supervision of microelectrode recording technique in 71 patients with Parkinson's disease. The UPDRS motor score was used to evaluate the outcomes 12 weeks before and after operation Result After 12 months follow-up, tremor disappeared completely or nearly completely in 12 patients who underwent unilateral and l bilateral ventrolateral thalamotomy. Dramatic improvement of tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia were observed in 57 patients underwent posteroventral pallidotomy,including 6 underwent bilateral posteroventral pallidotomy. Intracerebral hemorrhage was observed in l patient. Conclusion Microelectrode-guided stereotactic pallidotomy and thalamotomy are effective in treatmenting Parkinson's disease, but with serious complications

Objective To explore the protective effect of olfactory ensheathing cell(OEC)Schwann cell(SC)-extracellular matrix(ECM)-poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide acid)(PLGA)bridging complex on peripheral target organ and spinal cord neurons after rat sciatic nerve defect.Methods A 15 mm right sciatic nerve defect model was established in SD rats and repaired with OEC-SC-ECM-PLGA bridging complex that contained OEC,SC,ECM and self-made PLGA conduit.At the same time,the study set OEC-ECM-PLGA group,SC-ECM-PLGA group,ECM-PLGA group,PLGA group and nerve autograft control group.At 1,3,6 and 9 weeks after surgery,the gastrocnemius muscle water weight test and motor end-plate test were performed.At the 9th week after surgery,CM-DiI and horseradish peroxidase(HRP)retrograde tracing were performed.Results The gastrocnemius muscle water weight and number of motor end-plate were decreased in all groups after surgery but gradually increased after three weeks except for ECM-PLGA group and PLGA group.At the 9th week,OEC-SC-ECM-PLGA group showed no statistical differences with nerve autograft group in aspects of gastrocnemius muscle water weight,number of motor end-plate and length of motor end-plate major axis(P ＞ 0.05).At the 9th week,CM-DiI and HRP retrograde tracing found that the number of positive neurons in spinal cord in OEC-SC-ECM-PLGA group showed no statistical differences compared with nerve autograft group(P ＞0.05).Conclusions OEC-SC-ECM-PLGA bridging complex can partially protect peripheral target organ and spinal cord neurons after rat sciatic nerve defect.

Objective To investigate the effects of atorvastutin on the levels of plasm imflammation markers (hs - CRP, MMP - 3, TNF - α) and intima - media thickness(ITM) of the common carotid artery in patient with hyperlipidemic and atherosclerosis. Methods Fifty patient with hyperlipidemic and atherosclerosis were treated with atorvastatin (10mg qd) for 12 weeks. The levels of TC, TG, LDL -C, HDL -C, hs -CRP, TNF -α and MMP -3 were detected with radioimmmuneassay and eolorimetric methods. Color Doppler echo-cardiography was used to measure intima -media thickness(ITM) of the common carotid artery after 6 weeks and 12 weeks. Results TC, TG, LDL -C, hs -CRP, TNF -α and MMP -3 were decreased significantly(P < 0.01)after 12 weeks. IMT was decreased signifi-cantly(P < 0.05) and HDL - C was increased significantly (P < 0.05) after 12 weeks. Conclusion Atorvastatin could be effective in re-ducing blood - fat and anti - inflammatory action , regulating blood vessel endothelium (BVE) function and reversing structural chan-ges in IMT of the common carotid artery.