The production of IL-2 by peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) was compared with that of healthy controls. Patients with AS and RA showed a significant overproduction of IL-2.Membrane-bound IL-2 receptor was recognized by monoclonal anti-Tac antibody by using a flow cytometry. There was a marked increase of IL-2 receptor in patients with RA, while the level of IL-2 receptor in patients with AS was comparable to that of normal controls. The results suggested that there was obvious abnormalities of membrane-bound IL-2 receptor expressing and production of IL-2 in patients with AS and.RA which may contribute to the pathogenesis of these diseases.

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a serious infectious disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Increasing cases of HIV infection have been detected in adolescents. Intravenous drug abuse and sexual behavior, which are affected by various individual and environmental factors, are the major ways of HIV infection. The current situation and influential factors of HIV infection in adolescents are introduced in this paper.

Objective To investigate the relationship of diabetic nephropathy with serum endothelin-1(ET-1) and C-reactive protein(CRP). Methods Levels of blood pressure, glucose, lipid, creatinine,ET-1,CRP and urinary albumin excretion(UAER) were measured and calculated in 86 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and 30 healthy subjects. Results Serum ET-1 and CRP were significantly higher in T2DM than in control(P<0.05，P<0.01).Serum ET-1 and CRP were increased with increment of serum creatinine and UAER(P<0.05，P<0.01). Conclusions Serum ET-1 and CRP may be involved in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of segmental splenectomy for treatment of splenic benign tumor. Methods The clinical data of 6 patients with splenic benign tumor treated in our hospital with spleen-preserving surgery in the past 2 years were retrospectively analyzed. Results All the 6 patients successfully underwent surgery and recovered smoothly after operation. No acute severe infection occurred. Ultrasonography showed that the blood supply of residual spleen was of no problem. The components of peripheral blood had no significant changes after operation. Conclusion As long as we know the vascular anatomy of spleen well, segmental splenectomy is safe, reliable and feasible.

Moral hazard in the catastrophic disease health insurance has challenged the sustainability of med-ical budget funds. This paper studies the health care reimbursement rule to counteract moral hazard. Theoretical a-nalysis shows that in the target to maximize social welfare, the optimal rule is to provide consumers who choose low-cost treatment with subsidies and charge a co-payment to those who choose high-cost one. Adopting simulation ap-proach shows that this difference with respect to single reimbursement rules, healthcare expenses and medical insur-ance premiums will be significantly reduced compared to a unified co-payment ratio. This paper also selects the sensitivity test simulation parameters and the results show that different values will not change the herein disclosed mechanism results.

In order to study of etiology, pathogenesis, and therapy of endometriosis(EM) through animal models, we review the literature on rodent and primate models of endometriosis, including establishment of models and their applications.We hope that animal models provide useful tools for the studies of endometriosis.

砄bjective: To develop a computer aided cephalometric analysis system running under the environment of Windows 9X/NT and based on screen input of landmark and contour line. Methods: The analysis system was made with object oriented method, the program was written with Visual Basic 6.0 and Access 8.0, and the data on the screen was converted. Results: Cephalometric landmark points and contour lines were input through computer screen, then analyzed (22 modes), superposed and managed statistically. The system showed the advantages of using popular hardware, good compatibility, easy expansion, friendly user interface, simple input of landmark points, artful input of cephalometric contour, intuition and diversification of superposition, deversification of statistic analysis, integrated information collection and convenient search. Conclusions: The system can be used in clinic and research.

Objective As a special type of chronic pancreatitis, autoimmune pancreatitis ( AIP ) is gradually being recognized?In 2001,researchers found that serum IgG4 levels were significantly increased in AIP patients,2% of chronic pancreatitis was 1?AIP; 1?AIP was considered a systemic disease associated with IgG4?So far,a number of autoimmune antigens associated with 1?AIP have been identified,but the role of IgG4 in the disease is certain,because the pathogenesis of the disease is not sure,the diagnosis and treatment of AIP is not optimistic.

Objective To discuss the feasibility of alternant indwelling trocar in bilateral axillary veins to replace the PICC in NICU, and then low down the medical cost for patients when guarantee the safe of treatment. Methods Results Divided 40 premature infants and intensive care infants into control and experimental group randomly, there were 20 infants in each group. Alternant indwelling trocar in bilateral axillary veins was used in the experimental group, the PICC was used in the control group. Compared the clinical effects and the medical costs in the 2 groups. Results The method of alternant indwelling trocar in bilateral axillary veins could reach the satisfactory clinical effects with lower medical costs than PICC. Conclusion Using alternant indwelling trocar in bilateral axillary veins to replace the PICC is safe and feasible. [

Currently,bone marrow derived mescenchymal stem cells(MSCs) are the best available cell population for tendon tissue engineering.Recent adipose-derived MSCs show characteristics of multipotentital and may be used as functional cells for tendon tissue engineering.Nanofiber scaffolds can mimic the structure and function of extracellular matrix,and have advantages for tendon tissue engineering.A variety of gene transfer techniques can be used to maintain local concentrations of growth factor at tendon repair site.Although tremendous progress has been achieved in the field of tendon tissue engineering,many challenges remain and much work still needs to be done.