Objective To study the clinical significance of Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cytokeratin 19 fragment (CY-FRA21-1) ,neuron specific enolization enzyme (NSE) combined detection in the diagnosis of lung cancer .Methods Using the Chemiluminescence to detect the level of CEA ,NSE and CYFRA21-1 in 61 patient with lung cancer (lung cancer group) and 38 pa-tients with benign diseases(control group) .All datas were analyzed with t test .Optimal cut-off point and diagnostic sensitivity ,spe-cificity were obtained by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) .Results The level of serum CEA ,NSE and CYFRA21-1 in Lung cancer group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0 .05) .The expression level of three tumor markers was no statistically significant difference in the different pathological types of lung cancer (P>0 .05) .The cut-off point of CEA was 3 .50 ng/mL ,sensitivity and speciality were 52 .5% ,94 .7% respectively .The cut-off point of CYFRA21-1 was 5 .21 ng/mL ,the sensitiv-ity and specificity were 67 .2% ,93 .1% .The cut-off of point NSE was 18 .09 ng/mL ,the sensitivity and specificity were 77 .0% , 52 .6% .The three combined detection sensitivity was 96 .7% ,significantly higher than separate one(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The three tumor markers(CEA ,CYFRA21-1 ,NSE) might be valuable in the diagnosis of lung cancer .The combined detection could be used as a better pattern for screening lung cancer .

Objective To search an approach based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) for detection of different abnormalities including micro-calcifications and masses from digital mammograms. Methods Such detections were formulated as supervised-learning problems and SVM was applied to the detection algorithm. After the regions of interest were pre-processed by specific rectangular windows, three kinds of parameters were extracted, including the direct pixel value parameter, the parameters from Spatial Grey Level Dependency (SGLD) matrices and from Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). At first, each kind of parameter was taken as the input of SVM to train and test the machine respectively. Then all the parameters were incorporated into the input of SVM. Results the classification accuracy is 92.28%, 90.35% and 91.12% respectively when only one parameter input. The classification accuracy reaches 99.23% when all the parameter incorporated. Conclusion The parameters extracted from the regions of interest in digital mammograms can reflect the characteristics of different regions and SVM is a powerful tool for the detection of abnormalities from digital mammograms.

Objectlve To investigate the inhibition of Coxsackievirus B3(CVB3)infection in cardiac myocytes cultured by small interfering RNA(siRNA)-mediated RNA interference and to evaluate the feasibility of siRNA as the prophylaxis and therapy for CVB3 infection.Methods Cardiac myocytes were prepared in vitro and infected with CVB3,and transfected with siRNA by lipofectamin and electroporation.The numbers of beating cardiac myocytes were counted under the microscope.Neutral red staining was used to evaluate the mortality of cardiac myocytes.Antiviral activities of these siRNAs were estimated by observing cytopathic effect(CPE),plaque reduction assay,Western blot assay and RT-PCR.Results siRNA-3753,which aimed at sequence in 2B section of CVB3 genome,displayed a stronger inhibition of CVB3 infection through screening in HeLa cells,siRNA-3753,chosen to transfect cultured neonatal mice cardiac myocytes,Wag observed to keep a good states of growing and beating at 24 h after CVB3 infection.Whereas the cytopathic signature of controlled cells became stopping beating,round and finally the cell fell off the culture plate.The results showed that siRNA-3753 could protect cells significantly,98.1%inhibition of CVB3 replication with electroporation transfection and 78.2%inhibition of CVB3 with liposome transfection.Transfection efficiencies were 56.0 3%and 9.0%by electroporation and lipofectamin,respectively.Conclusion siRNA,which aims at sequence in 2B section of CVB3 genome,can inhibit CVB3 infection in cultured cardiac myocytes.

Two isomers of nitrochlorobenzene (o-, and p-NCB) were treated by a Pd/Fe catalyst in aqueous solutions through catalytic amination and dechlorination. Nitrochlorobenzenes are rapidly converted to form chloroanilines (CAN) first through an amination process, and then rapidly dechlorinated to become aniline (AN) and Cl(-), without the involvement of any other intermediate reaction products. The amination and dechlorination reaction are believed to take place predominantly on the surface site of the Pd/Fe catalysts. The dechlorination rate of the reductive degradation of the two isomers of nitrochlorobenzene (o-, and p-NCB) in the presence of Pd/Fe as a catalyst was measured experimentally. In all cases, the reaction rate constants were found to increase with the decrease in the Gibbs free energy (correlation with the activation energy) of NCBs formation; the activation energy of each dechlorination reaction was measured to be 95.83 and 77.05 kJ/mol, respectively for o- and p-NCB. The results demonstrated that p-NCBs were reduced more easily than o-NCBs.
Catalysis ; Industrial Waste ; prevention & control ; Iron ; chemistry ; Isomerism ; Kinetics ; Metals ; chemistry ; Nitrobenzenes ; chemistry ; Palladium ; chemistry ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Waste Disposal, Fluid ; methods ; Water ; chemistry ; Water Purification ; methods

Objective To investigate the safty and proper concentration of using the sufentanil combined with ropivacaine in patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) under lower limb surgery in elderly. Methods Eighty patients scheduled for lower limb surgery were divided into 4 groups by random digits table with 20 cases in each. The concentration of the sufentanil were 0.1,0.2,0.3 and 0.4 μ g/ml in group A, B, C, D respectively. The concentration of the ropivacaine were 0.125% in each group for the PCEA.R-VAS, C-VAS , Bromage score, Ramsay score, press times ,dosage and side effects were monitored and recorded at 4,10,24 and 48 h after operation. Results Compared with those in group C, D, C-VAS,dosage of the analgesia,press times of PCEA were higher in group A,B (P＜0.01 or ＜ 0.05),the efficacy of press was lower in group A, B(P＜0.05), but there was no significant difference between group C and group D(P＞0.05 ).The Ramsay score 10,24 h after operation in group D[(4.5 ± 0.5 ), (4.6 ± 0.6) scores] was higher than that in group A,B,C [(2.7 ±0.8), (2.7 ±0.8) scores vs.(2.9 ± 0.9), (2.7 ± 0.9) scores vs. (3.0 ±0.7), (2.9 ±0.5) scores] (P ＜0.05). There were no case with hypotension and respiratory depression.Conclusion PCEA of four methods are safe and effective in elderly which 0.3 μ g/ml sufentanil combined with 0.125% ropivacaine have good analgesic effect and less side effect.

Objective To investigate the value of remnant stomach-jejunal dual pathways reconstruction after laparoscope-assisted radical proximal gastrectomy in the treatment of upper gastric cancer. Methods Twenty-five patients with upper gastric cancer underwent laparoscope-assisted radical proximal gastrectomy and the remnant distal stomach was preserved for side-to-side remnant stomach-jejunal anastomosis and end-to-side jejuno-jejunal anastomosis to reconstruct dual pathways. Results The mean operation time was (240±35) minutes, the mean number of lymph nodes dissected were 22±5, and all the incised margins were negative. No anastomotic leakage, obstruction or stenosis occurred. All patients received postoperative barium meal examination. A large amount of barium directly entered the jejunum, leaving a small amount of barium entered the jejunnum via the route of remnant stomach-duodenum, and was detained in the remnant stomach for 30-60 minutes. No esophageal reflux of barium was observed. All the patients were followed up for 4-18 months, no reflux esophagitis was detected and the short-term life quality was satisfactory. Conclusions Remnant stomach-jejunal dual pathways reconstruction prevents the reflux esophagitis and dumping syndrome, preserves the pathway of duodenum and promotes the life quality of patients.

Aim To investigate the protective mechanism of anisodine hydrobromide against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.Methods In vivo: the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)via suture method in rats;the rats were injected anisodine hydrobromide(1.2,0.6,0.3,0.15 mg·kg-1);the morphological changes were detected by HE staining;the Nissl staining was used to count the number of surviving neurons;the activity of CAT and LDH,the LPO contents in the brain tissue were measured;the expressions of Bax,Bcl-2,caspase-3 and p-Akt in brain tissue were detected by Western blot.In vitro: Western blot assay was used to determine the expression of Bax,Bcl-2,caspase-3 and p-Akt protein expression in the OGD-R model of PC12 cells.The signal pathway of anisodine hydrobromide was identified.Results Anisodine hydrobromide with the dose of 0.15 mg·kg-1 could significantly lessen the morphological changes,and improve the number of surviving neurons;the dose of 0.3 and 0.15 mg·kg-1 could significantly improve the activity of CAT;the dose of 0.3 mg·kg-1 could significantly reduce the contents of LPO in the rat brain tissue;the dose of 1.2 mg·kg-1 could significantly decrease the activity of LDH;the dose of 0.15～1.2 mg·kg-1 could inhibit the expression of Bax,promote the expression of p-Akt in rat brain tissue.All the doses except 0.15 mg·kg-1 could promote the expression of Bcl-2 in rat brain tissue.In vitro,the results showed that anisodine hydrobromide in 25～100 μmol·L-1 could significantly improve the expression of Bcl-2 and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax,and the dose of 50 μmol·L-1 could significantly improve the ratio of p-Akt/Akt.Conclusion The mechanism of anisodine hydrobromide against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model rats might be related to its anti-oxidative activity and the activation of Akt.

Objective To investigate the effect of CYP3A5 * 3 and MDR1C3435T polymorphisms on the blood trough concentration of sirolimus in the Chinese renal transplantation recipients with stable renal function and the influencing factors for individual differences.Method 112 cases of Chinese renal transplantation recipients with stable renal function were recruited in this study.Related data of the recipients,including gender,age,height and body mass,were recoded.CYP3A5 and MDR1 genotypes were determined by the direct sequencing.Blood trough concentration of sirolimus was measured by using chemiluminescence microparticle immuno assay (CMIA).The influencing factors of individual differences in sirolimus blood trough concentration was analyzed,and the correlation of CYP3A5 * 3 and MDR1C3435T gene polymorphisms with sirolimus blood trough concentration was evaluated.Result Of the 112 cases,there were 10 cases (8.93％) of CYP3A5 * 1/* 1,49 cases (43.75％) of CYP3A5 * 1/* 3,and 53 cases (47.32％) of CYP3A5 * 3/* 3.Allele frequencies of CYP3A5 * 1 and * 3 were 30.81％ and 69.19％,respectively.There were 31 recipients (27.68％) with MDR1 3435CC,60 (53.57％) with MDR1 3435CT,and 21 (18.75％) with MDR1 3435TT.Allele frequencies for C and T at position 3435 of MDR1 were 54.46％ and 45.54％,respectively.In this study,recipients' CYP3A5 * 3 genotype was the main factor (P =0.000) of sirolimus blood trough concentration,but dose,gender,age,height,postoperative time,the level of serum creatinine,hemoglobin levels,combined use of CsA and MDR1C3435T genotype had no effects on sirolimus blood trough concentration (P ＞ 0.05).sirolimus blood trough concentration/(dose weight) in * 1/* 1,* 1/* 3 and * 3/* 3 recipients was (0.0721 ± 0.0202),(0.1055 ± 0.0395),and (0.1395 ± 0.0537) μg·L-1 ·mg-1 ·kg-1,respectively,The sirolimus blood trough concentration/ (dose weight) in * 1/* 3 recipients was 1.46 times higher than that in * 1/* 1 recipients,and that in * 3/* 3 recipients were 1.93 times higher than that in * 1/* 1 recipients.There was significant difference in sirolimus blood trough concentration/(dose weight) between recipients with different CYP3A5 * 3 genotypes (P =0.000).Conclusion The CYP3A5 * 3 gene polymorphism is closely related to the blood trough concentration/dose of sirolimus,and is the main factor of the blood trough concentration of sirolimus between individuals.

Residues in protein sequences can be classified into two (exposed / buried) or three (exposed/intermediate/buried) states according to their relative solvent accessibility. Markov chain model (MCM) had been adopted for statistical modeling and prediction. Different orders of MCM and classification thresholds were explored to find the best parameters. Prediction results for two different data sets and different cut-off thresholds were evaluated and compared with some existing methods, such as neural network, information theory and support vector machine. The best prediction accuracies achieved by the MCM method were 78.9% for the two-state prediction problem and 67.7% for the three-state prediction problem, respectively. A comprehensive comparison for all these results shows that the prediction accuracy and the correlative coefficient of the MCM method are better than or comparable to those obtained by the other prediction methods. At the same time, the advantage of this method is the lower computation complexity and better time-consuming performance.
Algorithms ; Computational Biology ; methods ; Databases, Protein ; Markov Chains ; Models, Chemical ; Models, Molecular ; Proteins ; chemistry ; classification ; Sequence Analysis, Protein ; methods ; Solubility

This paper is devoted to predicting the transmembrane helices in proteins by statistical modeling. A novel segment-training algorithm for Hidden Markov modeling based on the biological characters of transmembrane proteins has been introduced into training and predicting the topological characters of transmembrane helices such as location and orientation. Compared to the standard Balm-Welch training algorithm, this algorithm has lower complexity while prediction performance is better than or at least comparable to other existing methods. With a 10-fold cross-validation test on a database containing 160 transmembrane proteins, an HMM model trained with this algorithm outperformed two other prediction methods: TMHMM and MEMSTAT; the novel method was validated by its prediction sensitivity (97.0%) and correct location (91.3%). The results showed that this algorithm is an efficient and a reasonable supplement to modeling and prediction of transmembrane helices.
Algorithms ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Mathematical Computing ; Membrane Proteins ; chemistry ; Models, Statistical ; Protein Conformation