Aim To investigate the analgesic effect of tetrahydropalmatine on Cav1 . 2 expression in the dorsal root ganglion ( DRG) of mice with sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury ( CCI ) -induced neuropathic pain. Methods Forty male C57 BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n =5 ): sham group ( group S) , CCI group ( group C ) and L-THP group ( group L) . Steady mice models of neuropathic pain were es-tablished by inducing CCI of sciatic nerve. According to development of neuropathic pain in mice, L group was divided into induction period, induction with ma-intenance period and long-term low-dose group. The mice were intraperitoneally administered with 45 mg · kg-1 tetrahydropalmatine in induction ( day 0~5 ) , in-duction with maintenance ( day 0~5 , 14~19 ) period of neuropathic pain state. From the instant after opera-tion, 15 mg · kg-1 tetrahydropalmatine was injected into the long-term low-dose group once per day for 19 days. Then, the behavior changes of mice were moni-tored. Moreover, the threshold of mechanical and ther-mal stimuli was tested. In addition, the expression of Cav1 . 2 protein was detected by Western blot and im-munohistochemical staining. Results The lowest ex-pression of Cav1 . 2 was observed in group C and the highest expression level of Cav1 . 2 was found in group S. Cav1. 2 expression was significantly up-regulated in induction period group, induction with maintenance period group and long-term low-dose group ( P<0. 05 , P<0. 01). Compared with group C, high dose of tet-rahydropalmatine in induction period group, induction with maintenance period group and long-term low-dose group showed reduced mechanical allodynia and ther-mal hyperalgesia induced by nerve injury ( P <0. 05 , P<0. 01). Meanwhile, high dose of tetrahydropalma-tine significantly relieved the mechanical allodynia in induction period group, induction with maintenance period group and thermal hyperalgesia in maintenance period group (P<0. 05). However, there was no ob-vious effect on mechanical allodynia and thermal hyper-algesia induced by nerve injury ( P >0. 05 ) in long-term low-dose group. Conclusions High dose of tet-rahydropalmatine in induction period group, induction with maintenance period group and low-dose among the whole experiment process obviously relieves the neuro-pathic pain induced by nerve injury. The analgesic effect of tetrahydropalmatine on neuropathic pain may be due to the increased expression of Cav1 . 2 protein in DRG neurons.

Objective To observe the effects of acupuncture therapy on triglyceride (TG) content of quadriceps femoris in the high fat diet feeding-induced insulin resistance rats; To discuss acupuncture mechanisms to improve the insulin sensitivity. Methods Thirty-two Wistar rats at the age of eight weeks were randomly divided into normal group, model group, electro-acupuncture group, and sham electro-acupuncture group. The normal group was given basic diet, and model group, electro-acupuncture group and sham electro-acupuncture group were given high fat diet for 8 weeks, after which, the model of insulin resistance was successfully obtained. Electro-acupuncture group was given acupuncture therapy with “Guanyuan (GV4)”, “Zhognwan (GV12)”, “Zusanli (ST36)”, and “Fenglong (ST40)” for 8 weeks. Sham electro-acupuncture group was given stimulation at non-acupuncture points which were not on the meridians and near the acupoints but not at the area of the acupoints. In addition, food intake and body weight of each group were recorded, blood glucose was tested, TG content of quadriceps femoris was measured by enzymatic method after the treatment. Results The weight of the rats and TG levels of quadriceps femoris in electro-acupuncture group and sham electro-acupuncture group were significantly lower than those in model group, with significant statistical difference (P<0.05), especially in electro-acupuncture group. Conclusion Acupuncture therapy could improve insulin sensitivity to prevent and its related diseases.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and security of different administrations of propofol on the sedation in upper gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures in snoring patients. METHODS: A total of 1,117 patients with snoring in ASA I-II level, who underwent gastroscopy and received propofol as sedation, were assigned to Group A, Group B, and Group C.These groups had different administration methods of propofol. The dose of propofol, response to endoscopic procedures, changes of oxygen saturation of arterial blood (SPO₂), incidence of severe respiratory depression and sedation quality assessed by operators were observed. RESULTS: The incidence of transient decline in SPO₂ in Group A, B, and C were 50.4%, 3.1%, and 18.5%, respectively. The doses of propofol of Group A, B, and C were (108.50±18.02) mg, (57.50±7.50) mg, and (79.80±10.02) mg, respectively, with significant difference (P<0.05). The incidence of severe respiratory depression in Group A was 1.2%, but Group B and C were 0%. Compared with Group A(100%) and C(100%), the satisfaction rate of sedation quality in Group B was 74%, with significant difference (P<0.05). CONCLUSION During the upper gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures, snoring patients are premedicated with propofol in various uses by steps or one slow administration. Both methods are safe and effective to reduce the incidence of severe respiratory depression, and patients have no memory of the procedure.
Adult ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; methods ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; complications ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Propofol ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Snoring ; complications

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effectiveness of immunosuppressive therapy (IST) for childhood aplastic anemia (AA) and its predictive factors.

METHODSThe medical data of 110 children with AA who received IST between February 2003 and November 2009 were retrospectively studied. Of these patients, 83 were diagnosed as severe AA (SAA) and 27 were non-SAA. The former group was treated with antithymocyte globulin (ATG) + ciclosporin (CSA) +prednisone + androgens and the latter with CSA + prednisone + androgens.

RESULTSTotal response rates in the SAA and non-SAA groups were 69.9% and 70.4%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that disease duration, CD34+ cell level in bone marrow (BM) and the expression of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell in BM were related to the severity of disease but not correlated with treatment response. Age, disease duration and proportions of CD3+ and CD8+ T cells in BM were predictive factors for response to IST. Multivariate analysis revealed that patients aged more than 10 years and patients with a CD8+ cell proportion in BM of over 25% had hazard ratios of 3.36 and 3.59 for treatment failure respectively.

CONCLUSIONSIST is effective in the treatment of childhood AA. Age, disease duration and the proportion of CD8+ T cell in BM are predictive factors for response to IST.

Adolescent ; Anemia, Aplastic ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Infant ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

AIMThe present study was designed to determined the cardiovascular effects of IMD1-53 in rats and its possible mechanism.

METHODSIsolated rat hearts were perfused by Iangendorff mode, and ventricular function was measured after IMD1-53 perfusion. Meanwhere, we investigated the effects of IMDI) on arterial pressure after intravenous administration of IMD. And cAMP content was detected in rat ventricular and aortic tissues.

RESULTSThe results showed that perfusion with IMD significantly enhanced cardiac function and resulted in higher LVSP, +dp/dt(max) and -dp/dt(max) by 45%, 51% and 37%, respectively, compared with control and increased coronary infusion flow. The effects of IMD1-53 on cardiac function were antagonized by H-89, an inhibitor of PKA. The content of cAMP in the ventricular tissues after IMD perfusion was 131% higher than control. In addition, intravenous administration of IMD induced a potent decrease in arterial pressureand heart rate, and in aortic tissues, IMD incubation resulted in a 236% increase in cAMP content compared with control group.

CONCLUSIONThe study reveals that IMD can increase cardiac function and decrease arterial pressure in rat and the effects may be related to cAMP pathway.

Adrenomedullin ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena ; drug effects ; Cyclic AMP ; metabolism ; Heart ; drug effects ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Neuropeptides ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Ventricular Function ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo compare therapeutic effects of acupuncture and embedding thread on depression and to probe the mechanism.

METHODSThirty-two adult SD rats, 16 females and 16 males, were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, an acupuncture group and an embedding thread group, 8 rats in each group. Separated feeding, long-term unpredictable and middle stimulation stress were used for development of depression rat model. At the same time, the treatment groups were treated for 21 days. The changes of norepinephrine (NE), 5-hydoxytryptamine (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) contents in the brain were detected by high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detector.

RESULTSCompared with the normal group, 5-HT, NE and DA contents in the hypothalamus and hippocampus decreased significantly in the model group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); compared with the model group, the contents of the central monoamine neurotransmitters increased in both the acupuncture group and the embedding thread group, but the embedding thread group had more obvious action in improvement of 5-HT and DA levels in the hypothalamus and DA level in the hippocampus than the acupuncture group with no significant difference between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONBoth acupuncture and embedding thread therapy are effective for the depression model rat. They play the therapeutic role through regulating central monoamine neurotransmitters.

Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Animals ; Biogenic Monoamines ; analysis ; Depression ; metabolism ; therapy ; Dopamine ; analysis ; Female ; Hippocampus ; chemistry ; Hypothalamus ; chemistry ; Male ; Norepinephrine ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Serotonin ; analysis

Objective To explore the epidemic factors of varicella transmission under high varicella vacince coverage, assess the vaccine effectineness of one dose of varicella vaccine, so as to provide scientific basis for controlling the varicella outbreak and optimizing the varicella immunization strategy. Methods A 1 ∶〗2 paired case-control study of a varicella outbreak was conducted in a primary school in central region of Jiangsu Province in 2018. Analysis of varicella epidemic factors was performed using conditional logistic stepwise regression. Results This outbreak lasted for 14 days. A total of 45 students were infected with varicella, of which 71.1% were breakthrough cases. The fever, rash degree and disease course of breakthrough cases were all relatively mild compared with those without immune history (all P<0.05).The results of conditional logistic stepwise regression suggested that participating in extracurricular tutoring institutions(OR=2.6, 95% CI:2.0-3.2), having brothers or sisters(OR=2.5, 95% CI:2.1-4.3), without vaccination history of varicella vaccine(OR=2.7, 95% CI:2.4-4.2), and contacting with varicella patients (OR=2.4, 95% CI:1.1-5.3) were risks factor for varicella transmission. Time since vaccination >5 years and the initial immunization age <15 months were potential risk factors for breakthrough cases. The overall vaccine effectiveness of one dose of varicella vaccine was 77.9%(95% CI: 53.3%-92.1%). The fever, severity of the rash and the course of the disease were all milder than those without the history of immunization (all P<0.05). Conclusions The clinical symptoms of the breakthrough cases are relatively mild, and one dose of varicella vaccine is insufficient to control the outbreak of varicella with limited vaccine effectiveness. Two doses of varicella immunization strategy is recommended.

Human Nestin (hNestin) has been found to express in melanoma,and its expression is positively correlated with the advanced stage of melanoma.However,the precise role of hNestin in the development of melanoma has not been fully understood.The present study aimed to explore the role of hNestin in the proliferation and invasion of melanoma cells.The lentivirus vector carrying a short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeting hNestin (hNestin-shRNA-LV) was stably infected into human melanoma cells UACC903,which expressed high levels of hNestin.The effects of hNestin knockdown on the proliferation,apoptosis,migration of melanoma cells and the related signaling pathways were investigated by immunofluorence,Western blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),respectively.The results showed that hNestin was expressed in most melanoma specimens and the melanoma cells studied.Knockdown of hNestin expression significantly inhibited the proliferation of melanoma cells,blocked the formation of cell colony,arrested cell cycle at G1/S stage and suppressed the activation of Akt and GSK3β.hNestin-silent cells also showed a sheet-like appearance with tight cell-cell adhesion,decreased membrane expression of N-cadherin and β-catenin,and attenuated migration.Furthermore,hNestin silence resulted in the inhibition of tumor growth in vivo.Our study indicates that hNestin knockdown suppresses the proliferation of melanoma cells,which might be through affecting Akt-GSK3β-Rb pathway-mediated G1/S arrest,and hNestin silence inhibits the migration by selectively modulating the expression of cell adhesion molecules in the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Objective To explore the distribution of prevalence rates of typhoid and paratyphoid,with drug resistance and molecular types ofSalmonella(S.) typhi and S.paratyphi in Jiangsu province.Methods Data,collected by the national infectious disease reporting system in Jiangsu province from 2007 to 2011,was analyzed.K-B method was used to test the sensibility to 9 kinds of antibiotics among 210 stains of S.typhi and S.paratyphi.81 strains of S.typhi were classified by pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).Results The annual average incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid was 0.47 per 100 000 in the last five years,showing a decreasing trend.Highest incidence (1.70 per 100 000)was seen in the ＜ 1 year age group,with S.typhi and S.paratyphi A accounted for 66.19％ and 23.81％ among the 210 stains.The rate of drug resistance to nalidixic acid appeared to be the highest as 66.19％.The drug resistant rates to 6 kinds of antibiotics were on average,lower than 10.00％.The multi-drug resistant rate of S.typhi and S.paratyphi was 30.00％.In the last 3 years,37 types from 81 S.typhi strains had been classified into 4 clusters by PFGE.The predominant type was JPPX01.JS0027,accounted for 11.11％.JPPX01.JS0001 type had a specific regional distribution,but JPPX01.JS0014,JPPX01.JS0018 and JPPX01.JS0024 strains were widely spread.Results from the clustering analysis showed that cases in the 3 events tended to have a clustering nature.Conclusion The morbidity of typhoid and paratyphoid was in a relatively low level in Jiangsu province.Although S.typhi and S.paratyphi were sensitive to most of the commonly used antibiotics,the resistance rates to some kinds of antibiotics were increasing.The distribution of typhoid was sporadic in Jiangsu and without the dominant strain,it was unlikely that typhoid could become epidemic in the future,in Jiangsu.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Although the comprehensive control of cardiovascular disease risk factors has achieved remarkable progress in recent years, the incidence of cardiovascular events is still high after the control of traditional risk factors such as low density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure and blood glucose, collectively referred to as cardiovascular residual risk. Inflammation is a central driver of atherosclerosis and the ultimate rupture of plaque, as well as an important cause of residual cardiovascular risk. Therefore, this article reviews the formation, assessment and treatment of residual inflammatory cardiovascular risk.