Animal Experimentation ; Animal Testing Alternatives ; methods ; Animal Welfare ; Animals ; Toxicity Tests ; methods

Animals ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Pyrethrins ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Teratogens ; toxicity

OBJECTIVETo study the preventive effects of vitamin E on short-term noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL).

METHODSForty-eight male pigmented guinea pigs were randomly divided into 6 groups, 8 animals in each group. The animals of group 1, 2, 3, 4 were exposed to the noise (4 kHz octave band noise, 100 dB SPL), 8 hours per day for 3 days consecutively and received normal saline, corn oil, 10 mg/kg vitamin E, 50 mg/kg vitamin E respectively daily by intraperitoneal injection from 3 days before the noise exposure, through the 3 noise exposure days to 3 days after the noise exposure. The animals of group 5 and group 6 days were not exposed to the noise but received normal saline and 50 mg/kg vitamin E injection respectively at the same time as that of group 1, 2, 3, 4. The preventive effects of vitamin E on NIHL were determined by comparing the threshold shifts of auditory brainstem responses (ABR) immediately, on the second day and on the 8th day after the exposure.

RESULTSThe ABR threshold shifts immediately, on the second day and on the 8th day after the exposure for group 3 at 2, 4 and 8 kHz were (15.9 +/- 6.8), (39.4 +/- 4.8), (42.5 +/- 6.3), (0.3 +/- 2.5), (19.1 +/- 7.9), (21.9 +/- 6.4), (0.3 +/- 1.6), (10.9 +/- 8.6), (12.2 +/- 8.1) dB, respectively, which were significantly lower than those for group 1 [(30.9 +/- 11.3), (47.8 +/- 8.8), (49.7 +/- 6.9), (10.0 +/- 3.5), (29.1 +/- 6.5), (29.1 +/- 7.6), (4.7 +/- 3.6), (20.3 +/- 6.5), (17.5 +/- 9.0) dB, respectively] (P < 0.05). The ABR threshold shifts immediately, on the second day and on the 8th day after the exposure for group 4 at 2, 4 and 8 kHz were respectively (14.4 +/- 5.3), (36.6 +/- 4.4), (43.1 +/- 2.9), (0.3 +/- 2.5), (16.9 +/- 4.6), (19.4 +/- 3.2), (0.0 +/- 3.7), (7.5 +/- 4.2), (9.1 +/- 4.2) dB, which were significantly lower than those for group 1 (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONVitamin E has some preventive effects on the NIHL.

Animals ; Antioxidants ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Auditory Threshold ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Guinea Pigs ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Vitamin E ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo explore the relation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism, angiotensin II type I receptor (ATIR) gene polymorphism and other factors on cerebral infarction.

METHODSOne thousand three hundred fifty-one subjects from Tangshan coalmine were enrolled with study method of cluster sampling. Face to face interviews were conducted to fill in questionnaires by trained interviewers. ACE gene, ATIR gene and inflammation factors including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-10, C reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen (Fg), fibrin monome polymerized velocity (FMPV), absorbance maximum (A(max)), FMPV/A(max), were measured.

RESULTSNo different prevalence rates of ACE genotype were found on cerebral infarction. The distributions of AA genotype of ATIR gene in the cerebral infarction was higher than that of the controls. The prevalence of AA genotype was higher than other groups, but the prevalence of combined genotype did not show much difference. Under the existence of factors that related to cerebral infarction, AA genotype frequencies were higher than those of non-smoking and with hypertension. IL-6, ATIR gene polymorphism, sex, FMPV/A(max) were strongly related to cerebral infarction. The level of IL-6 was higher than the normal ones.

CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of cerebral infarction obviously increased in the hypertensive groups having AA genotype of ATIR gene. In the cerebral infarction groups, the level of IL-6 was higher than that in the normal population, indicating that these can be resulted from local inflammation and immunity reactivity. Environmental and genetic factors in the pathogenesis of cerebral infarction might have coordinating functions.

Aged ; Cerebral Infarction ; genetics ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of noise on the antioxidant enzymes of cochleae.

METHODS16 male pigmented guinea pigs (250 - 300 g) were randomly divided into 2 groups, control group and noise group. Each group had 8 animals. The animals in noise group were performed auditory evoked brainstem responses (ABR) recording before and after exposure to a continuous noise (4 kHz, octave band, 100 dB, SPL) 8 h/d for 3 consecutive days. Immediately at the end of the third day's noise exposure after ABR recording, guinea pigs were decapitated. Both the right and the left cochlea with the bony capsule removed were homogenized, and the supernatants were prepared for assays. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were measured.

RESULTSROS level of the noise group [(281.2 +/- 3.5) U/mg pro] was significantly higher than that of the control group [(273.0 +/- 3.2) U/mg pro, P < 0.05] and SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activities of the noise group [(206.5 +/- 5.1) NU/mg pro, (47.0 +/- 9.0) U/g pro, (14.1 +/- 2.5) U/mg pro respectively] were significantly lower than that of the control group [(221.8 +/- 4.8) NU/mg pro, (60.8 +/- 9.9) U/g pro, (21.1 +/- 3.1) U/mg pro respectively, P < 0.05].

CONCLUSIONNoise may damage the defensive system of antioxidant enzymes in cochlea.

Animals ; Antioxidants ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Catalase ; metabolism ; Cochlea ; enzymology ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Guinea Pigs ; Male ; Noise ; adverse effects ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the distribution character of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in Chinese population and its relationship with essential hypertension.

METHODSPolymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to detect the angiotensin converting enzyme gene I/D polymorphism in 2966 subjects of Kailuan Coal Mine, and further restriction analysis was performed.

RESULTSThe frequencies of ACE II, ID, DD genotypes in total study population were 41.5%, 38.4%, 20.1%, respectively. The DD genotypes in hypertensive group and that in control group were 18.9% and 21.0%, respectively. There was no significant difference between hypertensive group and control group (P>0.05). The same result was seen after stratification by age and gender in each group, respectively(P>0.05). The DD genotype and D allele showed a tendency to decrease with the increase of age (P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONThe above results suggested that essential hypertension was not associated with ACE I/D polymorphism. The distributions of ACE genotype and allele varied with age, and the subjects with the character of DD genotype were at higher risk of early death.

Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Hypertension ; enzymology ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Sex Factors

Objective To explore the effect of clinical nursing pathway on the patients with enterostomy.Methods Totals of 36 patients with enterostomy were randomly divided into experimental group and control group,and the experimental group received the nursing of the clinical nursing pathway while the control group received the routine nursing.The complications of enterpstomy,the patient satisfaction,the average hospitalization days and the expenses were observed and compared between two groups.Results There was significantly difference between experimental group and control group in the complication rate (0％ vs 27.77％ ),the length of the mean hospitalization ( 16.12 ± 5.46 d vs 21.18 ± 4.88 d),and the expenses (20325.68 ±5676) vs (22348.18 ±4 479.90),(x2 =4.587 8,t =-2.88,-3.372,respectively;P ＜0.05 ).Patients' satisfaction of experimental group (94.44％) was significantly higher than that of control group (55.55％),( x2 =7.251 7,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions The application of clinical nursing pathway can reduce the complications of enterostomy and patients' sufferings,shorten the mean hospitalization,reduce the expenses,improve the nursing quality and patients' satisfaction.

Purpose To investigate the changes of interhemispheric functional connectivity and functional connectivity between the selected region of interest(ROI)and other brain areas of the whole brain in resting state in early-blind adolescents(EBAs)via the voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity(VMHC)and seed-based functional connectivity methods.Materials and Methods A total of 23 EBAs in the Guangdong Province Blind School and 21 age-and gender-matched normal-sighted controls were recruited from June to August 2015.Brain resting-state magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed on all participants.The VMHC were calculated and compared between these two groups.And take the most significant brain area of VMHC as the ROI,the functional connectivity between it and all voxels in the whole brain were calculated and compared,respectively.Results Compared with the control groups,the EBAs groups showed decreased VMHC values in the occipital visual cortex with bilateral calcarine as peak point,bilateral cerebellum and right inferior temporal gyrus(FDR corrected,P<0.05).The EBAs group showed a decreased functional connectivity between bilateral calcarine(brain areas with significantly reduced VMHC),set as ROI and the right cuneus and middle cingulum gyrus,while the enhanced functional connectivity between the bilateral calcarine and the right cerebellum-Crus1 when compared with normal-sighted controls(false discovery rate,FDR corrected,P<0.05).Conclusion The visual cortex interhemispheres mainly in the primary visual cortex of EBAs and its functional connections with multiple brain regions are abnormal,which may indicate abnormal coordination between the primary visual center and other perceptual cortex,and may be related to the brain structure and function remodeling caused by visual loss.

OBJECTIVES: Hip fracture is a major public health problem. Earlier studies projected that the total number of hip fracture will increase dramatically by 2050, and most of the hip fracture will occur in Asia. To date, only a few studies provided the updated projection, and none of them focused on the hip fracture projection in Asia. Thus, it is essential to provide the most up to date prediction of hip fracture in Asia, and to evaluate the total direct medical cost of hip fracture in Asia. METHODS: We provide the updated projection of hip fracture in 9 Asian Federation of Osteoporosis Societies members using the most updated incidence rate and projected population size. RESULTS: We show that the number of hip fracture will increase from 1,124,060 in 2018 to 2,563,488 in 2050, a 2.28-fold increase. This increase is mainly due to the changes on the population demographics, especially in China and India, which have the largest population size. The direct cost of hip fracture will increase from 9.5 billion United State dollar (USD) in 2018 to 15 billion USD in 2050, resulting a 1.59-fold increase. A 2%–3% decrease in incidence rate of hip fracture annually is required to keep the total number of hip fracture constant over time. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that hip fracture remains a key public health issue in Asia, despite the available of better diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of fracture over the recent years. Healthcare policy in Asia should be aimed to reduce the burden of hip fracture.
Asia ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; Delivery of Health Care ; Demography ; Diagnosis ; Hip ; Humans ; Incidence ; India ; Osteoporosis ; Population Density ; Public Health

BACKGROUND: Recently, T-helper 17 (Th17) cells have been proved to play an important role in promoting cervical cancer. But, till now, few study has been carried out to understand the involvement of these cells in efficacy of anti-tumor treatments. This study aimed to investigate the alterations in the percentage of circulating Th17 cells and related cytokines in locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) patients before and after concurrent chemoradiotherapy (cCRT) and to analyze the correlations between the alterations in Th17 cells and treatment efficacy. METHODS: A prospective study with 49 LACC (International federation of gynecology and obstetrics [FIGO] stage IIB-IIIB) patients and 23 controls was conducted. Patients received the same cCRT schedule and were followed up for 3 years. Circulating Th17 cells (CD3+CD8- interleukin [IL]-17+ T cells) and related cytokines IL-17, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), IL-10, IL-23, IL-6, and IL-22 were detected before and after cCRT. Correlations between alterations of circulating Th17 cells and treatment efficacy were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: We found that 40 patients finished the entire cCRT schedule and met the endpoint of this study. The percentage of circulating Th17 cells in the LACC patients was higher than that in the controls, and it significantly decreased after cCRT (P < 0.05). After cCRT, patients were divided into two groups based on the average of the Th17 cells declined. The subgroup of patients with a prominent decrease in circulating Th17 cells after cCRT had a higher treatment efficacy and longer PFS and OS times. Compared with the control patients, LACC patients had higher IL-6, IL-10, IL-22, TGF-β levels and a lower IL-23 level (P < 0.05). After cCRT, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-23 level significantly increased and TGF-β level significantly decreased compared with the levels before cCRT (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Circulating Th17 cells in the LACC patients (FIGO stage IIB-IIIB) were higher than those in the controls, but they generally decreased after cCRT. A more pronounced decrease in circulating Th17 cells after cCRT was correlated with better therapeutic effect and longer PFS and OS times.
Chemoradiotherapy ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Humans ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Th17 Cells ; Treatment Outcome ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/therapy*