Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, CD ; biosynthesis ; Brain Neoplasms ; blood supply ; metabolism ; pathology ; Child ; Endoglin ; Female ; Glioma ; blood supply ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; biosynthesis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; metabolism ; pathology ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; biosynthesis ; Telomerase ; biosynthesis ; Young Adult

Chemical constituents of ethyl acetate extract of Sapium sebiferum leaves were isolated and purified by various chromatographic methods, including column chromatographies over silica gel, macroporous adsorption resin, and Sephadex LH-20, as well as preparative TLC and semi preparative HPLC. As a results, 15 compounds were separated from Sapium sebiferum leaves and their structures were examined by spectral analysis including NMR and MS data and identified as( + )-(7R,7'R,7"S,7'"S,8S,8'S,8"S,8'"S)-4", 4"'-dihydroxy-3,3',3",3',5,5'-hexamethoxy-7,9';7',9-diepoxy-4,8";4',8'"-bisoxy-8,8'-dineo-lignan-7",7"',9",9"'-tetraol(1) ,1-(4'- hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4"-(3-hydroxypropyl) -2", 6"-dimethoxyphenoxy] propane-1, 3-diol (2), Thero-2, 3-bis-(4-hydroxy-3- methoxypheyl)-3-methoxy-propanol(3) , threo-5-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyphenyl propane-8,9-diol (4), boropinol B (5), threo-8S-7-methoxysyringylglycerol(6), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(7), 5-( methoxy-methyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde (8), quercetin (9) , kaempferol (10), ethyl gallate(11), coniferaldehyde(12), vanillin(13), 7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2H-1-henzopyran-2-one(14),and 1-heptacosanol (15). All compounds except for compounds 9-11,14 were separated from this plant for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Sapium ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo compare effects of catgut embedding at "Zusanli" (ST 36) and "Shenshu" (BL 23) on Morphine analgesic tolerance and locomotor sensitization induced by chronic Morphine administration and the mechanism.

METHODSThe rats were randomly divided into a model group, a non-acupoint group, a Shenshu group and a Zusanli group. The rats, except those in the model group, were pretreated with acupoint catgut-embedding 10 days before the first Morphine injection. The Morphine-tolerance model was established and the pain threshold was detected by hot-plate test every day. Locomotor activities were recorded after the first Morphine injection and Morphine-challenging 1 week after withdrawal of Morphine. The positive neurons of nitric oxide synthetase (NOS) were showed by NADPH-d histochemical method.

RESULTSCompared with the non-acupoint group, catgut embedding at "Zusanli" (ST 36) could attenuate the Morphine analgesic tolerance and the increase of locomotor activities in rats. Meanwhile, the expression of NOS positive neurons in nucleus accumbens septi and dorsal striatum decreased in the Zusanli group. There were no significant differences between the Shenshu group and the non-acupoint group in the analgesic threshold and locomotor sensitization, but the expression of NOS positive neurons in the striatum region significantly decreased.

CONCLUSIONCatgut embedding at "Zusanli" (ST 36) can attenuate Morphine analgesic tolerance and reverse formation of locomotion sensitization induced by chronic Morphine administration, which are possibly related with inhibition of the expression of NOS positive neurons in nucleus accumbens septi and dorsal striatum.

Acupuncture Analgesia ; Acupuncture Points ; Analgesics, Opioid ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Catgut ; Drug Tolerance ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Morphine ; pharmacology ; Motor Activity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) has been a primary target of treatment as well as a prognostic indicator for breast cancer. The level of human X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1) mRNA was related with that of ERalpha in breast tumors and was over-expressed in some breast tumors. These previous studies suggested that XBP-1 may interact with ERalpha. XBP-1 has two isoforms, XBP-1S and XBP-1U, as the result of unique splicing. GST pull-down assay showed that both XBP-1S and XBP-1U bound to ERalpha in vitro. The binding of XBP-1S to ERalpha was stronger than that of XBP-1U to ERalpha. Co-immunoprecipitation revealed that the binding was in a ligand-independent manner. XBP-1S and XBP-1U interacted with the region of ERalpha that contains a DNA-binding domain. The ERalpha-interacting regions on XBP-1S and XBP-1U have been mapped to two regions, the N-terminal basic region leucine zipper domain (bzip) and the C-terminal activation domain. These findings suggest that XBP-1S and XBP-1U may participate in ERalpha signaling pathway through the mediation of ERalpha.
Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; physiology ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Regulatory Factor X Transcription Factors ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors ; genetics ; metabolism ; X-Box Binding Protein 1

Humans ; Hypertensive Encephalopathy ; etiology ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; complications ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the etiology of 1977 patients from northern China with acute (ALF), sub-acute (SALF) or acute-on-chronic liver (ACLF) failures.

METHODThe age, gender, etiology, pathogenesis, and prognosis of the 1977 patients with liver failures were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTSOf the 1977 cases, the three most common causes of ALF were HEV (33.96%) or HBV (13.21%) infections or those caused by medicines (9.43%). The three predominant causes of SALF were medicines (31.53%), HEV (16.22%) or HBV (9.91%) infections, but those of the ACLF were HBV (90.29%) infection, alcoholic hepatopathy (2.65%), and HBV super infected with HEV (2.26%) infections. 90.09% (1781) patients were infected by hepatotropic viruses. Of these 1781 patients, the most common cause of their liver failures was HBV infection (92.93%). In these HBV infected patients, 77.10% were from 26 to 55 years old. From 2005 to 2007, there were 39 patients with alcoholic liver failure. In the past two years, there were 23 patients with drug induced liver failure. The improvement rate of the 1977 patients after their treatments was 35.56%. The improvement rate of HEV infected liver failure was higher than drug induced liver failure (P less than 0.05); no statistical significance was found between other groups (P more than 0.05).

CONCLUSIONDifferent types of liver failure have different predominant causes. HBV infection is the most common cause in our 1977 patients. In the past two years, the number of drug induced liver failures and alcoholic liver failures have been increasing.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic ; etiology ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; complications ; Hepatitis E ; complications ; Humans ; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic ; etiology ; Liver Failure ; chemically induced ; classification ; etiology ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo analyze the prognostic factors for patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure, and to build a scoring system for assessment of the prognosis of liver failure.

METHODS480 patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure in our hospital from January 2006 to June 2008 were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into improved group and deteriorated group. The clinical data were analyzed by using chi square test, independent-Samples T Test and Binary logistic regression.

RESULTSThe factors that significantly affected the prognosis of Acute-on-chronic Liver Failure included age, hepatitis or liver cirrhosis, Staging, Hyponatremias, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), the prothrombin time activity (PTA), total bilirubin (TBil), creatinine (Cr), albumin (ALB) and Hepatic encephalopathy, ascites, alimentary tract hemorrhage (P less than 0.05, P less than 0.01). PTA, Hyponatremias, hepatitis or liver cirrhosis, Hepatic encephalopathy and alimentary tract hemorrhage were independent risk factors of prognosis.

CONCLUSIONPTA, Hyponatremias, hepatitis or liver cirrhosis, Hepatic encephalopathy and alimentary tract hemorrhage are important to build a scoring system to assess the prognosis of Acute-on-chronic Liver Failure and may be useful to guide clinical treatment.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Hepatic Encephalopathy ; complications ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human ; complications ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; complications ; Infant ; Liver Failure, Acute ; blood ; etiology ; pathology ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Prothrombin Time ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Severity of Illness Index ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study glycyrrhizin's anticancer effect and its mechanism.

METHODS3-methylcholanthrene were injected into mice's submandibular glands to induce tumor, then transplanted the tumor pieces (1 mm3) to mice. The transplanted tumors were measured, and flow cytometry analysis and cytomorphology observation were conducted.

RESULTSGlycyrrhizin (GL) inhibited the transplanted mandibular gland fibro-sarcoma of mice and the suitable GL dose for inhibiting fibrosarcoma of mice was 1.61 mg per 20 g weight. The GL dose below 3.22 mg per 20 g weight didn't produce remarkable toxicity and side effects. GL induced cytomorphological changes of tumor cells and enhanced immunosuppression of macrophage on fibrosarcoma. The result of flow cytometry showed that tumor cell counts of GL1 and GL2 groups increased remarkably in DNA synthetic prophase, and decreased in DNA synthetic phase.

CONCLUSIONGL can inhibit transplanted mandibular gland fibro-sarcoma of mice. The anticancer mechanism of GL may be acting on related enzymes with phagocytosis. The result of flow cytometry showed that the shift of fibrosarcoma cells from G1 phase to S phase was blocked. This suggests that the anticancer action of GL is related to its inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase, a rate-limiting enzyme in DNA synthesis.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; DNA, Neoplasm ; biosynthesis ; Fibrosarcoma ; chemically induced ; pathology ; Glycyrrhizic Acid ; pharmacology ; Macrophages ; physiology ; Male ; Methylcholanthrene ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Phagocytosis

One common feature of glaucoma, optic neuritis and some other optic nerve diseases is sustained and irreversible apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Ginkgolide B is believed to protect neurons in brain and contribute to neurite outgrowth and synapse formation. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGB761) and ginkgolide B on axonal growth of RCGs. Retina explants were cultured in three-dimensional tissue culture system, and the number and length of neurites were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed to confirm that the neurite observed was axon of RGCs. TUNEL and activated caspase-3 staining were also applied to observe RGCs apoptosis. The result shows that neurites of RGCs treated with EGB761 or ginkgolide B were more and longer than those in control. The neurite is proved to be the axon of RGCs by immunostaining. Furthermore, compared with control group, RGCs treated with ginkgolide B showed decreased cellular apoptosis and inhibited caspase-3 activation. These results suggest ginkgolide B can promote RGCs axon growth by protecting RGCs against apoptosis.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Axons ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Ginkgolides ; pharmacology ; Lactones ; pharmacology ; Neurites ; drug effects ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Retina ; Retinal Ganglion Cells ; cytology ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo construct a eukaryotic expression vector for expressing hepatitis B virus (HBV) recombinant HBsAg-EGFP fusion protein and obtain a stable transfected Chang Liver cell line.

METHODSThe coding region of HBsAg gene of HBV was amplified by PCR and was digested by BamH I/EcoR I . This fragment was inserted into pEGFPN1 with T4 ligase and transformed E-coli TG1. The positive recombinant plasmid was selected, then the recombinant plasmid was transfected into Chang Liver cell by Lipofectamine 2000 cells containing stable transformants were selected by the ability of resistance to G418 and isolated with a limited dilution. The stable transfected cell line expressing high level HBsAg-EGFP fusion protein was obtained.

RESULTSThe eukaryotic expression vector named pEGFPN1-HBsAg was successfully constructed and the stable transfected Chang Liver cell line expressing pEGFPN1-HBsAg fusion protein was obtained.

CONCLUSIONThe stable transfected Chang Liver cell line could express pEGFPN1-HBsAg fusion protein, could be used to screen the proteins differentially expressed in HBsAg expression Chang Liver cells, which brought some new clues for studying the potential molecular mechanism of HBsAg protein.

Cell Line ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; genetics ; metabolism ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Liver ; cytology ; metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection ; methods