Antibodies, Monoclonal ; metabolism ; CD79 Antigens ; metabolism ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nose Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; virology ; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; virology ; Plasmacytoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; virology

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) has been a primary target of treatment as well as a prognostic indicator for breast cancer. The level of human X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1) mRNA was related with that of ERalpha in breast tumors and was over-expressed in some breast tumors. These previous studies suggested that XBP-1 may interact with ERalpha. XBP-1 has two isoforms, XBP-1S and XBP-1U, as the result of unique splicing. GST pull-down assay showed that both XBP-1S and XBP-1U bound to ERalpha in vitro. The binding of XBP-1S to ERalpha was stronger than that of XBP-1U to ERalpha. Co-immunoprecipitation revealed that the binding was in a ligand-independent manner. XBP-1S and XBP-1U interacted with the region of ERalpha that contains a DNA-binding domain. The ERalpha-interacting regions on XBP-1S and XBP-1U have been mapped to two regions, the N-terminal basic region leucine zipper domain (bzip) and the C-terminal activation domain. These findings suggest that XBP-1S and XBP-1U may participate in ERalpha signaling pathway through the mediation of ERalpha.
Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; physiology ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Regulatory Factor X Transcription Factors ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors ; genetics ; metabolism ; X-Box Binding Protein 1

BACKGROUNDAlthough severe encephalopathy has been proposed as a possible contraindication to the use of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV), increasing clinical reports showed it was effective in patients with impaired consciousness and even coma secondary to acute respiratory failure, especially hypercapnic acute respiratory failure (HARF). To further evaluate the effectiveness and safety of NPPV for severe hypercapnic encephalopathy, a prospective case-control study was conducted at a university respiratory intensive care unit (RICU) in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) during the past 3 years.

METHODSForty-three of 68 consecutive AECOPD patients requiring ventilatory support for HARF were divided into 2 groups, which were carefully matched for age, sex, COPD course, tobacco use and previous hospitalization history, according to the severity of encephalopathy, 22 patients with Glasgow coma scale (GCS) < 10 served as group A and 21 with GCS = 10 as group B.

RESULTSCompared with group B, group A had a higher level of baseline arterial partial CO2 pressure ((102 +/- 27) mmHg vs (74 +/- 17) mmHg, P < 0.01), lower levels of GCS (7.5 +/- 1.9 vs 12.2 +/- 1.8, P < 0.01), arterial pH value (7.18 +/- 0.06 vs 7.28 +/- 0.07, P < 0.01) and partial O(2) pressure/fraction of inspired O(2) ratio (168 +/- 39 vs 189 +/- 33, P < 0.05). The NPPV success rate and hospital mortality were 73% (16/22) and 14% (3/22) respectively in group A, which were comparable to those in group B (68% (15/21) and 14% (3/21) respectively, all P > 0.05), but group A needed an average of 7 cm H2O higher of maximal pressure support during NPPV, and 4, 4 and 7 days longer of NPPV time, RICU stay and hospital stay respectively than group B (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). NPPV therapy failed in 12 patients (6 in each group) because of excessive airway secretions (7 patients), hemodynamic instability (2), worsening of dyspnea and deterioration of gas exchange (2), and gastric content aspiration (1).

CONCLUSIONSSelected patients with severe hypercapnic encephalopathy secondary to HARF can be treated as effectively and safely with NPPV as awake patients with HARF due to AECOPD; a trial of NPPV should be instituted to reduce the need of endotracheal intubation in patients with severe hypercapnic encephalopathy who are otherwise good candidates for NPPV due to AECOPD.

Aged ; Brain Diseases ; therapy ; Carbon Dioxide ; blood ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Humans ; Hypercapnia ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxygen ; blood ; Positive-Pressure Respiration ; adverse effects ; Prospective Studies ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; complications

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of Compound Glycyrrhizin Injection (CGI) on liver function and cellular immunity of children with infectious mononucleosis complicated liver impairment (IM-LI) and to explore its clinical therapeutic effect.

METHODSForty-two patients with IM-LI were randomly assigned, according to the randomizing number table, to two groups, 20 in the control group and 22 in the treated group. All the patients were treated with conventional treatment, but to those in the treated group, CGI was given additionally once a day, at the dosage of 10 ml for children aged below 2 years, 20 ml for 2-4 years old, 30 ml for 5-7 years old and 40 ml for 8- 12 years old, in 100-200 ml of 5% glucose solution by intravenous dripping. The treatment lasted for 2 weeks. T lymphocyte subsets and serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bilirubin (TBil) were detected before and after treatment. Besides, a normal control group consisting of 20 healthy children was also set up.

RESULTSBaseline of the percentage of CD3 + , CD8 + lymphocyte and serum levels of ALT, AST, TBiL in the children with IM-LI were markedly higher, while the percentage of CD4 + lymphocyte and the CD4 + /CD8 + ratio was markedly lower in IM-LI children as compared with the corresponding indices in the healthy children ( P<0.01). These indices were improved after treatment in both groups of patients, but the improvement in the treated group was better than that in the control group (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONCellular immunity dysfunction often occurs in patients with IM-LI, and CGI treatment can not only obviously promote the recovery of liver function, but also regulate the immune function in organism.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Glycyrrhizic Acid ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; drug effects ; Infant ; Infectious Mononucleosis ; complications ; drug therapy ; immunology ; physiopathology ; Injections ; Liver ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Liver Diseases ; drug therapy ; Male ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo compare the time-effect rule of pain-relieving in moderate dysmenorrhea in the treatment between acupuncture on single-point and acupuncture on multi-point so as to determine the best time of needle retaining on single-point and multi-point as well as provide the reference evidences of acupuncture frequency in the treatment.

METHODSSixty-three cases of moderate dysmenorrhea were randomized into a single-point group (31 cases) and a multi-point group (32 cases). During the attack of dysmenorrhea, in single-point group, Shiqizhui (EX-B 8) was punctured; in multi-point group, Shiqizhui (EX-B 8), Diji (SP 8), Ciliao (BL 32) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) were punctured and the needles were retained for 30 min. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) values were recorded in the immediate time before acupuncture, in 5 min, 10 min, 20 min and 30 min after needle insertion, as well as in 30 min, 60 min and 120 min after needle withdrawal separately.

RESULTSAfter needling, analgesia was generated rapidly in either group. During 30 min of needle retaining, analgesia was enhanced persistently till needle withdrawal in either group. In 10 min after needle insertion, the immediate analgesia in multi-point group was superior obviously to single-point group (P < 0.05) and this effect was maintained in 2 h after needle withdrawal. In 30 min after needle withdrawal, acupuncture analgesia was declined to the maximum.

CONCLUSIONEither single-point acupuncture at Shiqizhui (EX-B 8) or multi-point acupuncture at Shiqizhui (EX-B 8) and other acupoints has apparent immediate analgesia on primary dysmenorrhea of moderate degree, but the effect of multi-point acupuncture is better than that of acupuncture at Shiqizhui (EX-B 8). No matter with acupuncture at Shiqizhui (EX-B 8) or at multi-point, the time of needle retaining should not be shorten than 30 min. It is suitable to give acupuncture, twice per day for the patients with moderate and persistent pain.

Acupuncture Analgesia ; Acupuncture Points ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Dysmenorrhea ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Pain Management ; Young Adult

Objective To screen prescriptions for moxifloxacin hydrochloride tablets and optimize its preparation technology. Methods Taking the angle of repose,tap density,hardness,friability,disintegration time,tablet weight difference,and dissolution rate as indexes,the amount of each component,binder solvent,amount of binder,size of the mesh for granulation and particle drying process were investigated. The optimal formulation and process were determined based on the above results. Results With water as the binder solvent,binder volume of 6 ml,screen mesh number of 26 mesh,and finally drying 1 h at 50℃,the indicators of the tablet prepared met the quality requirements of tablet in the second part of the Pharmacopoeia of People′s Republic of China the 2015 ver-sion. And the dissolution profile was in good agreement with the commercially available preparation. Conclusion The quality of moxi-floxacin hydrochloride tablets prepared by the optimal formulation and process in this study is in accordance with the standard. The pre-scription and process can be used for the preparation of generic drugs of moxifloxacin hydrochloride tablets.

Objective To develop appropriate evaluation methods of local basic public health services which are suitable to county level and above.Methods Data on basic public health services of 1 1 cities in Zhejiang province in 201 2 was evaluated by different evaluation methods including weighted synthetic scored method,weighted synthetic index method, Weighted Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (Topsis ) and Weighted Rank -Sum Ratio (RSR).The consistency of evaluation results were tested by Kendall's coefficient of concordance W test.Combination evaluation was conducted to evaluate four single synthetic evaluation results through average method,weighted average combination evaluation method and hierarchical clustering analysis.Results Different synthetic evaluation methods had different evaluation results.However,in the order,the top two were all Hangzhou and Ningbo.Kendall's W test showed good consistence of four evaluation results.Rank of 1 1 cities were Hangzhou,Ningbo,Shaoxing,Jiaxing,Huzhou, Taizhou,Jinhua,Zhoushan,Lishui,Wenzhou and Quzhou based on combination evaluation value by average method, which was the same to the rank based on weighted average combination evaluation result.Eleven cities could be classified into four categories by hierarchical clustering analysis with statistical significance (P <0.01 ):Excellent (Hangzhou, Ningbo),Good (Huzhou,Jiaxing,Shaoxing),Middle (Zhoushan,Jinhua,Taizhou)and Poor (Wenzhou,Quzhou, Lishui).Conclusion These four synthetic evaluation methods used in this study are all suitable to county level and above in basic public health services evaluation.Various synthetic evaluation methods could be used in practice with combination evaluation of various evaluation results.Average method which is convenient and accurate is preferred when consistency of various synthetic evaluation results was testified.Hierarchical clustering analysis could be used for combination evaluation when no precise rank is needed.

Objective:To identify risk factors for infections by multidrug-resistant organisms(MDRO)in elderly patients admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU)based on an retrospective analysis of data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-Ⅳ v2.0(MIMIC-Ⅳ v2.0).Methods:Structured query language was used to extract basic information, disease severity scores, laboratory test results, medications, medical procedures, and outcome events of elderly patients from MIMIC-Ⅳ v2.0.Patients were divided into a non-MDRO group and an MDRO group based on whether they had MDRO infections.Univariate analysis was performed according to the type of variables.For significant variables identified from univariate analysis, logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio and the 95% confidence interval for MDRO infections.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw survival curves.The log-rank test was used to analyze the 28-day survival rate.Results:A total of 31 237 cases were enrolled, including 26 032 with non-MDRO infections and 5 205 with MDRO infections.The MDRO infection rate was 16.7%.MDRO were most frequently found in urine cultures, and the most common bacteria belonged to the genus Enterobacter.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age( P=0.006), being male( P<0.001), coronary artery disease( P<0.001), brain disease( P=0.042), hemoglobin( P<0.001), albumin( P<0.001), and mechanical ventilation( P<0.001)were protective factors against MDRO infections.Diabetes( P<0.001), COPD( P<0.001), chronic kidney disease( P<0.001), white blood cell( P=0.001), SAPS Ⅱ( P<0.001), previous use of antibiotics( P<0.001), use of proton pump inhibitors( P<0.001), glucocorticoids( P<0.001), immunosuppressants( P<0.001)and sedatives( P<0.001), and continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT)( P=0.015)were risk factors for MDRO infections.The 28-day mortality rates of the non-MDRO and MDRO groups were 16.3% and 19.1%, respectively.The log-rank test showed that the difference between two groups was statistically significant( P<0.001). Conclusions:The mortality rate among patients with MDRO infections is higher than among those with non-MDRO infections.Previous use of antibiotics, use of proton pump inhibitors, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants and sedatives, mechanical ventilation, and CRRT are risk factors for MDRO infections.

Jieji Nabao is a common Tibetan herb. According to our ethnobotanical studies, one of its original plants is identified as Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk. (Gentianaceae). Endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, this medicinal alpine plant is a threatened species. In this study, 163 individuals from 20 populations of G. crassicaulis were collected throughout its geographical range and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was used to investigate genetic variation in this species. A cluster analysis was performed on the AFLP data with Halenia elliptica and Gentiana straminea as the outgroups. From 64 pairs of AFLP primer combinations, 12 pairs were selected for amplification and a total of 315 bands were amplified, of which 254 bands were polymorphic, accounting for 80.63%. High genetic differentiation was detected between populations (87%), and low within populations (13%). The UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means) tree was topologically consistent with the traditional taxonomic treatments at the species level, and the populations of G. crassicaulis were divided into two branches: one from Yunnan and Guizhou, the other from Tibet, Qinghai, Sichuan and Gansu. PCA analysis and the Mantel test showed that there was a positive correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance. In addition, combined with SSR and SNP markers within cpDNA, the genetic differentiation within the Sichuan population S1 was validated.

OBJECTIVETo characterize a supernumerary marker chromosome (SMC) by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and traditional cytogenetic techniques, and to explore the clinical application of these techniques in delineating de novo marker chromosomes.

METHODSA mental retardation patient received chromosome test by ordinary G banding. CGH and FISH techniques were used to analyze the origin of the de novo SMC, and N banding technique and C banding techniques were used to analyze the SMC structure. The phenotypic effects of the SMC were analyzed after the karyotype was determined.

RESULTSBy G banding technique, the patient was showed to have a mosaic karyotype with SMC: mos.47, XX, +mar [31]/48, XX, +2mar[29]. CGH analysis showed a gain of 15q11 --> q14, and the result was confirmed by FISH with chromosome 15 painting probe. The further FISH analysis showed the SMC had two signals with UBE3A probe for detecting Prader-willi syndrome/Angelman syndrome (PWS/AS). N banding and C banding analysis showed the SMC had a double satellite and double centromere, respectively. Combined with the above results, the karyotype of the patient was: mos.47, XX, +der (15) (pter --> q14::q14 --> pter) [31]/48, XX, +2der (15) (pter --> q14::q14 --> pter) [29]. ish der(15)(WCP15+, UBE3A++, PML-).

CONCLUSIONCGH is a valuable method to detect imbalanced chromosomal rearrangement. Combined with FISH and the traditional cytogenetic technique, it provides a valuable technique platform for characterizing the structure of the de novo SMC, and a basis for exploring the relation between karyotype and phenotype, prognosis and recurrent risk.

Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosome Banding ; Comparative Genomic Hybridization ; Cytogenetic Analysis ; methods ; Cytogenetics ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Infant ; Intellectual Disability ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Karyotyping