OBJECTIVETo investigate the apoptosis-related genes and protein expression patterns in relation to classical Hodgkin lymphomas (CHL) and the origin of H/RS cell.

METHODSSixty-two cases of CHL were retrieved from Shanxi Tumor Hospital files. An ABC method was used to detect the expression of bcl-2, CD3, CD20, CD30, CD15 and CD10, a double immunohistochemical method to study the H/RS cells P53 expression, a double immunohistochemical ABC-DNA end labeling technique to detect the apoptosis, a double immunohistochemical ABC- in situ hybridization technique to detect the expression of kappa mRNA and lambda mRNA, and a multiple mark techniques to detect the distribution of background non-neoplastic T and B cells.

RESULTOf 62 CHL, 14 (22.58%) were p53 positive and 35 (56.45%) bcl-2 positive. Apoptosis was found in the background non-neoplastic cells in all of the cases, but in H/RS cells in only 10 of 62 cases. There was a significant reverse correlation between bcl-2 expression and apoptosis in H/RS cells (P = 0.02). CD30 positive H/RS cells were observed in all cases, whereas CD15 positive in only 41 cases, and CD20 positive in 8 cases. None was positive for CD3, MPO, bcl-6, CD10, kappa RNA and lambda RNA in H/RS cells. The H/RS cells were surrounded by non-neoplastic T cells looked like a rosette and the outer periphery was B cells.

CONCLUSIONSThe H/RS cell of classical Hodgkin lymphoma has a great variety of B lineage markers. The characteristic distributions of T, B and H/RS cells may serve as a reference for the diagnosis. Multiple marker technique is able to highlight the critical cells, and facilitate the study of H/RS cells. Abnormal expression of P53 may not play a major role in CHL. Over expression of bcl-2 may be linked to blockage of apoptosis in CHL.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, CD20 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; genetics ; metabolism ; CD3 Complex ; genetics ; metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Hodgkin Disease ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Ki-1 Antigen ; genetics ; metabolism ; Lewis X Antigen ; genetics ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Neprilysin ; genetics ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reed-Sternberg Cells ; metabolism ; pathology ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Young Adult

AIM To explore the antihyperglycemic mechanism of Polygonatum odoratum polysaccharides based on sweet taste receptor signaling pathway.METHODS After the successful diabetic modeling by high-fat and high-sugar diet combined with streptozotocin,the rats were randomly divided into the model group,the metformin group(200 mg/kg)and the low,medium and high dose P.odoratum polysaccharides groups(100,200 and 400 mg/kg),in contrast to the control group with 8 normal rats.The rats had measurement of their fasting blood glucose level from tail vein blood before the intervention and 2,4,6 and 8 weeks after the corresponding administration;detection of their serum GLP-1 and insulin levels by ELISA,and their oral glucose tolerance test after 7 weeks;detection of their blood lipid level,observation of their morphology of pancreas and liver,and detection of their mRNA expressions of T1R2,T1R3,α-gustducin,TRPM5,SGLT-1 and GLUT-2 in ileum by RT-qPCR after 8 weeks.HuTu-80 cells treated with P.odoratum polysaccharides solution had their the levels of cAMP and GLP-1 detected by ELISA;their fluorescence intensity of Ca2+ detected by laser confocal method;and the expression of sweet taste receptor mRNA detected by RT-qPCR.RESULTS The result of animal experiments showed that the groups intervened with middle or high dose of P.odoratum polysaccharides displayed decreased levels of fasting blood glucose,area under the time-blood glucose curve(AUC)and the levels of serum TG,TC and LDL-C(P<0.05),increased levels of serum GLP-1 and insulin and the mRNA expressions of T1R2 and TRPM5 in ileum(P<0.05),in contrast to the model group,in addition to the increased serum HDL-C level and mRNA expressions of T1R2,α-gustducin in ileum tissue in the high dose group.The result of cell experiment showed that P.odoratum polysaccharides increased the levels of cAMP,GLP-1 and Ca2+ in cells(P<0.05),and enhanced the mRNA expressions of sweet taste receptors T1R2 and T1R3(P<0.05).CONCLUSION P.odoratum polysaccharides may contribute antihyperglycemic effects through GLP-1 secretion promotion via activation of the sweet taste receptor signaling pathway due to its efficacy in up-regulating expression of molecules.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; epidemiology ; virology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

The purpose of the present study was to explore the expression changes of intermedin/adrenomedullin 2 (IMD/ADM2), a novel small molecular bioactive peptide, and its receptors, calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR) and receptor activity modifying proteins (RAMP1, RAMP2, RAMP3) in the right ventricle of rats with chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4-week hypoxia group and normal control group (each n=10). The rats in hypoxia group were placed in an isobaric hypoxic chamber, in which O(2) content was maintained at 9%-11% by delivering N(2), and CO(2) content was maintained at <3% for 4 weeks (8 h/d, 6 d/week). The rats in the control group were housed in room air. The protein levels of IMD/ADM2 and adrenomedullin (ADM) in blood plasma and right ventricular tissue were measured by radioimmunoassay. The mRNA expressions of IMD/ADM2, ADM and their receptors CRLR, RAMP1, RAMP2, RAMP3 in right ventricular tissue were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results showed that the ratio of right ventricle weight to left ventricle plus septum weight [RV/(LV+S)] and mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) were higher in hypoxia group than those in the control group (all P<0.01), suggesting that the rat model of pulmonary hypertension was successfully established. However, the mean carotid arterial pressure (mCAP) between the two groups had no significant difference. Compared with that in the control group, ADM contents in plasma and right ventricular tissue in hypoxia group increased by 1.26 and 1.68 folds (all P<0.01), respectively. Likewise, IMD/ADM2 contents in blood plasma and right ventricular tissue in hypoxia group increased by 0.90 and 1.19 folds (P<0.01), respectively, compared with that in the control group. The data of RT-PCR showed that mRNA levels of ADM, IMD/ADM2 and RAMP2 in hypoxia group increased by 155.1% (P<0.01), 80.9% (P<0.01) and 52.9% (P<0.05), respectively, compared with those in the control group. There were no significant differences in mRNA expressions of CRLR, RAMP1 and RAMP3 between the two groups (all P>0.05). Taken together, the results show that the level of IMD/ADM2 increases in the rats with chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension.
Adrenomedullin ; metabolism ; Animals ; Calcitonin Receptor-Like Protein ; metabolism ; Heart Ventricles ; metabolism ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; etiology ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Hypoxia ; complications ; Male ; Neuropeptides ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor Activity-Modifying Proteins ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigative vacA, cagA and iceA genes dominant genotypes of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) isolated from children suffering from gastric and duodenal diseases in Guangzhou area.

METHODSTotally 105 children who underwent gastroscopy in Guangzhou Children's Hospital were enrolled into this study. From each patient, 3 biopsy specimens from the gastric antrum were taken, one was used for rapid urease test, one for histological examination, and one for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detecting ureA, vacA, cagA, and iceA genes. DNA was prepared directly from the biopsy specimens from the gastric antrum using a QIAamp DNA mini kit (Qiagen, Germany) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Then 11 primers were used for detecting the genotypes including ureas, (s1, s1a, s1b, s1c, s2) and m (m1, m1T, m2) region of vacA, cagA and iceA (iceA1 and iceA2) genotypes in the 105 children. The distribution of the genotypes of Hp was analyzed.

RESULTAmong the 105 children, only 52 children were positive by the three methods, among these 52 children, 26 were boys and 26 girls. Hp vacA s1as1c/m2 was detected in 43 out of 52 children (82.7%), s1as1c/m1T in 9.6% (5/52), m region that could not betyped was 7.7% (4/52). No strains presented genotypes vacA s1b, s2, m1. The comparison of the positive ratio of vacA s1as1 c/m2 detected in the children infected with Hp and that of the other combination of signal region and middle region was statistically significantly different (P < 0.01). With regard to cagA gene, cagA(+) gene and cagA(-) gene were found in 90.4% (47/52) and 9.6% (5/52) of the children, respectively. The cagA(+) gene was more frequent in the children infected with Hp. Single iceA1 was detected in 78.8% (41/52) children, and single iceA2 was detected to be 1.9% (1/52), multiple strains infection of iceA1 and iceA2 were detected in 3.8% (2/52) children, iceA1 and iceA2 were not detected in 15.4% (8/52), the comparison of the positive ratio of iceA1 detected in the children infected with Hp and that of the other genotypes was statistically significantly different (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe s1as1c/m2, cagA and iceA1 were the dominant genotypes of Hp in the children in Guangzhou area and s1as1c/m2, cagA and iceA1 were the dominant genotypes combination of Hp in the children in this area.

Antigens, Bacterial ; genetics ; therapeutic use ; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Genes, Bacterial ; drug effects ; genetics ; Genotype ; Helicobacter Infections ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Helicobacter pylori ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pyloric Antrum ; microbiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of 54G/C polymorphism of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c gene (SREBP-1c) on serum lipid ratios and their response to high-carbohydrate/low-fat (HC/LF) diet in healthy youth.

METHODSAfter a regular diet for 7 days of wash-out, 56 healthy youth (22.89 +/- 1.80 yrs) were given HC/LF diet for 6 days. The regular diet contained 54% carbohydrate, 15% protein, and 31% fat of the total energy. The HC/LF diet contained 70% carbohydrate, 15% protein, and 15% fat of the total energy. The serum lipids and glucose were measured on the 1st, 8th and 14th days. The ratios of TG/HDL-C, log (TG/HDL-C), TC/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C were calculated. The 54G/C polymorphism of SREBP-1c gene was analyzed by PCR-RFLP method.

RESULTSNo significant difference was found in lipid ratios and glucose at baseline and after regular diet in subjects with different genotypes in either the whole studied population or in males or females only. However, after HC/LF diet, LDL-C/HDL-C was significantly lower in females carrying the C allele than those of GG homozygotes (P< 0.05). Compared with those before HC/LF diet, TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C were significantly decreased in all the subjects (P< 0.05). When gender was taken into account, significant increase of TG/HDL-C and log(TG/HDL-C) was found only in females with GG genotype (P< 0.05). All the subjects experienced significant decrease of TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C regardless of their genders and genotypes (P< 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe 54G/C polymorphism of SREBP-1c gene can influence the response of TG/HDL-C and log(TG/HDL-C) to HC/LF diet in females. The C allele may be a protective factor to prevent the increase of TG induced by HC/LF diet in females.

Adult ; Dietary Carbohydrates ; pharmacology ; Dietary Fats ; pharmacology ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Health ; Humans ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Sex Characteristics ; Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 ; genetics ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the lipid levels of Han ethnicity Chinese children at school-age,to provide objective data for the formulation of prevention and management strategy regarding dyslipidemia among children and adolescents.Methods 20 191 children (with 10 669 boys and 9522 girls) aged 7 to 16 years old from 6 representative geographical areas,including Beijing,Tianjin,Hangzhou,Shanghai,Chongqing and Nanning,were surveyed in a randomly selected clustered sample in China.Data on fasting blood triglyceride (TG),total cholesterol (TC),lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were measured.Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels were calculated with data collection,entry,and collation were under the same criteria.Results (1) In the 7-16 year-old group,TG (P95) fluctuated between 1.26 mmol/L and 1.88 mmol/L,while TC (P95) was between 4.80 mmol/L and 5.46 mmol/L.LDL-C(P95) was between 2.67 mmol/L and 3.27 mmol/L while non-HDL-C (P95) was between 3.36 mmol/L and 3.91mmol/L,sugesting that age did not seem to be an affecting factor for the lipid level (P＞0.05).The level of HDL-C (P5) fluctuated bctwcen 1.08 mmol/L and 0.83 mmol/L,and the dependability analysis on HDL-C and age showed statistically significant difference (P＜0.01,r=-0.274).(2) In the 7-9 year-old group,the levels ofTG,TC,LDL-C and non-HDL-C of boys were lower but the HDL-C level was higher than in girls.However,in the 10-16 year-old group,the levels of five lipids of boys were all lower than in girls,with all the differences statistically significant (P＜0.05).(3) The levels of TG,TC,LDL-C and non-HDL-C in the obese group were significantly higher than those in non-obesity group,as HDL-C was significantly lower than in non-obese group(P＜0.01).Incidence rates of single and multiple dyslipidemia in obese group were significantly higher than in non-obese group (P＜0.01).(4) Grouped by region,the abnormal rates of TG were descending,with the ranking as North (10.4％),Midwest (9.7％) and East (8.3％),while the abnormal rates of TC were descending with the ranking as Midwest (6.0％),North (5.2％)and East (4.8％).The abnormal rates of LDL-C were descending as the ranking of North (3.1％),East (2.6％) and Midwest (0.9％),with the abnormal rates of non-HDL-C were descending as Midwest (6.5％),North(4.2％)and East (3.6％).The abnormal rates of HDL-C were descending as Midwess (14.2％),North(5.7％) and East(5.5％).All the differences in the above-said items were statistically significant (P＜0.05).(5) According to the standards of hyperlipidemia formulated by the American Academy of Pediatrics,the incidence rates of abnormal TG,TC,LDL-C,non-HDL-C,HDL-C were 9.4％,5.4％,2.2％,4.8％,8.6％ respectively.Conclusion (1) Levels of lipids were affected by many factors,but age was not one of them in children and adolescents.However,HDL-C was declining along with the increase of age,to some extent.(2)Girls had a relatively protective tendency through the increasing HDL-C level when they entered the puberty years.(3)Lipids levels in non-obese group were significantly better than the obese group.(4)The lipids levels of children and adolescents in the Eastern region of the country were better than that in the northern and mid-western areas.

OBJECTIVESevere acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an emerging infectious disease that first manifested in humans in November 2002. The SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) has been identified as the causal agent, but the pathology and pathogenesis are still not quite clear.

METHODSPost-mortem lung samples from six patients who died from SARS from April to July 2003 were studied by light and electron microscopy, Masson trichromal staining and immunohistochemistry. Evidence of infection with the SARS-CoV was determined by reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) , serological examination and electron microscopy.

RESULTSFour of six patients had serological and RT-PCR evidence of recent infection of SARS-CoV. Morphologic changes are summarized as follows: (1) Diffuse and bilateral lung consolidation was seen in all patients (6/6) with increasing lung weight. (2) Diffuse alveolar damage was universal (6/6) with hyaline membrane formation (6/6), intra-alveolar edema/hemorrhage (6/6), fibrin deposition (6/6), pneumocyte desquamation (6/6). A marked disruption in the integrity of the alveolar epithelium was confirmed by immunostaining for the epithelial marker AE1/AE3 (6/6). (3) Type II pneumocytes, with mild hyperplasia, atypia, cytomegaly with granular amphophilic cytoplasm and intracytoplasmic lipid accumulation (5/6). (4) Giant cells in the alveoli were seen in five of 6 patients (5/6) , most of which were positive for the epithelial marker AE1/AE3 (5/6), but some cells were positive for the macrophage marker CD68(2/6). (5) A pronounced increase of macrophages were seen in the alveoli and the interstitium of the lung (6/6), which was confirmed by histological study and immunohistochemistry. (6) Haemophagocytosis was present in five of the 6 patients(5/6). (7) Lung fibrosis was seen in five patients(5/6), with alveolar septa and interstitium thickening(5/6), intraalveolar organizing exudates (6/6) and pleura thickening (4/6). Proliferation of collagen was confirmed by Masson trichromal staining, most of which was type III collagen by immunostaining. The formation of distinctive fibroblast/myofibroblast foci was seen in five patients (5/6) by light microscopy and immunochemistry. (8) Squamous metaplasia of bronchial mucosa was seen in five patients(5/6). (9) Thrombi was seen in all patients(6/6). (10) Accompanying infection was present in two patients, one was bacteria, the other was fungus. In addition, electron microscopy revealed viral particles in the cytoplasm of alveolar epithelial cells and endothelial cells corresponding to coronavirus.

CONCLUSIONDirect injury of SARS-CoV on alveolar epithelium, prominent macrophage infiltration and distinctive fibroblast/myofibroblast proliferation may play major roles in the pathogenesis of SARS.

Adult ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; metabolism ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; metabolism ; Epithelium ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Keratins ; immunology ; Lung ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Alveoli ; pathology ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; etiology ; pathology ; SARS Virus ; isolation & purification ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association between birth defects and dietary nutrient intake in a high risk area of China.

METHODSA dietary survey was performed and serum folic acid was measured in women whose pregnancy was affected by neural tube defects (NTDs) or unaffected by any birth defects (BDs) in Zhongyang and Jiaokou Counties in Shanxi Province of China.

RESULTSThe local average consumption of foods including dark green vegetables, fruits, fat and meat, and nutrient intake (e.g., energy, protein, retinol, riboflavin, vitamin E, and selenium) were lower than the national average level. In women of childbearing age, these regions, the intake of nutrients was much lower than the recommended nutrient intake (9%-77%). The case-control dietary nutrition study of women whose pregnancy was affected by BDs (including NTDs and congenital heart defects) demonstrated that, in early pregnancy, adequate nutrition (i.e., eating meat, fresh vegetables, fruit more than once a week) was a protective factor, while eating germinated potatoes was a risk factor. The geometrical mean (p5-p95) of serum folic acid in women with NTD birth defects was 9.6 nmol/L (3.6, 23.03), which was significantly lower than that in normal women (14.03 nmol/L).

CONCLUSIONWomen of childbearing age in the two counties of Shanxi Province, China, have a marked insufficient intake of some nutrients, especially folic acid, zinc, vitamins A and B12. This nutrient deficiency may be an important risk factor for the high prevalence of birth defects in these regions. Therefore, adequate dietary nutrition in early pregnancy can prevent BDs.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Folic Acid ; blood ; Humans ; Incidence ; Middle Aged ; Neural Tube Defects ; epidemiology ; Nutritional Status ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the epidemiological and serological efficacy after 10 years of vaccination against hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) vaccines in Zhejiang province.

METHODSOne county was randomly chosen as the research unit with all the healthy people between 16 and 60 years old were equally divided into study and control groups. The study group was vaccinated. Immunofluorescent antibody assay was used to test specific IgG antibody and Mcro-CPE method was used to test the titer of neutralizing antibody.

RESULTSTwo weeks after the full-course immunization, the seroconversion rate became 100% (67/67, with 95% CI as 96.3%-100%) by immunofluorescent antibody test (IgG) and 44.4% (8/18 with 95% CI as 22.0%-69.0%) by neutralization test with GMT titers as 72.1 and 4.6 respectively. Booster immunization was provided one year later. Time span as two weeks prior to, one year, one and half years, two years, three years and five years after booster immunization, the rates of seroconversion on immunofluorescent antibody using IFAT method, were 28.6%, 83.3%, 75.0%, 53.1%, 22.6%, 10.0% and 55.0% respectively, and rates of seroconversion of neutralizing antibody by Mcro-CPE method were 14.8%, 55.6%, 35.0%, 31.3%, 26.0%, 10.0% and 50.0% respectively. Nine years after the reinforcement, the rates of seroconversion of immunofluorescent antibody by IFAT method was only 7.1%. The vaccinated group had no patient seen but the control group appeared 34 patients including 3 deaths. According to the ten-year observation, the vaccine seemed effective with the protection rate in population reached 100%.

CONCLUSIONHFRS vaccine was effective on epidemiological, social and economical efficacy.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Female ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome ; epidemiology ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Immunization, Secondary ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rats ; Vaccination ; methods ; Viral Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult