Objective To evaluate postprandial pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of two preparations of cefdinir capsules in Chinese healthy volunteers. Methods In a two-way cross-over study, 24 healthy male volunteers were divided into two groups randomly and a single dose of cefdinir capsules of test and reference preparation were administered orally, respectively.The concentration in plasma was determined by LC-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters and bioequivalence were calculated and evaluated by DAS. Results The main pharmacokinetic parameters of test and reference were as follows: AUCt (4.35±1.09) μg??h??mL-1 and (4.12±1.22) μg??h??mL-1, AUC0-∞(4.53±1.12) and (4.53±1.73) μg??h??mL-1, t1/2 (1.74±0.29) h and (2.13±1.65) h, tmax(4.44±0.86) h and (4.54 ±1.16) h, Cmax(900±250) ng??mL-1 and (876±269) ng??mL-1 . Conclusion The test and reference preparation of cefdinir capsules are bioequivalent.

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between spontaneous miscarriage and chromosomal aberrations identifiable with chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA).

METHODSA total of 440 product-of-conceptions were collected for the CMA testing.

RESULTSFour hundred and seventeen of 440 specimens (94.7%) were successfully detected, among which 209 (50.1%) were chromosomal abnormalities. One hundred and twenty-nine (61.7%) of the 209 specimens were numerical chromosomal abnormalities, 40 specimens (19.1%) were structural anomalies, 38 specimens (18.1%) were mosaicisms, and 2 specimens (1.0%) showed regions of homozygosity.

CONCLUSIONCMA analysis of products of-conception specimens can yield a higher diagnostic rate than conventional karyotyping. The identification of the cause of spontaneous miscarriage can facilitate estimation of recurrence risks for future pregnancies.

Abortion, Spontaneous ; etiology ; genetics ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Microarray Analysis ; methods ; Pregnancy

AIM: To explore correlation,consistency and comfort between traditional tear film examination methods and Oculus Keratograph.METHODS: A retrospective study.Totally 101 cases (101 eyes) were diagnosed myopia and then accepted LASEK (laser epithelial keratomileusis).Non-invasive tear film break-up time(NIBUT),lower tear meniscus height(LTMH) were measured with Oculus Keratograph,fluorescein tear film break-up time(fl-BUT) and Schimer Ⅰ test (SⅠt) were performed on all cases.The correlations analysis between NIBUT and fl-BUT,LTMH and SⅠt were performed by Spearman rank correlation,consistency check between NIBUT and fl-BUT by Bland-Altman analysis.Visual analogue scale(VAS) was applied on evaluating the comfort of two kinds of examination methods.RESULTS: LTMH and SⅠt showed positive correlation (rs=0.346,P=0.001).NIBUT and fl-BUT showed positive correlation (rs=0.393,P=0.001),95% consistency limits range-9.62 to 14.18 in Bland-Altman Figure.There was significant difference between VAS of NIBUT and VAS of fl-BUT(z=-2.324,P=0.020).There was significant difference between VAS of LTMH and VAS of SⅠt (z=-8.845,P=0.001).CONCLUSION: Oculus Keratograph can objectively measure NIBUT and LTMH,and was more comfortable than traditional tear film examination methods.It can effectively assess tear film function before corneal refractive surgery.

Very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency(VLCADD)is a disorder involving the initial step of fatty acid beta-oxidation in the mitochondrial matrix. VLCADD can present at various ages,from the neonatal period to adulthood,with symptoms including hypoglycemia,rhabdomyolysis,skeletal muscle weakness and cardiomyopathy,and poses the greatest risk of complications during intercurrent illness or after prolonged fasting. Early diagnosis,treatment,and surveillance can reduce mortality. The most common diagnostic evaluation methods are plasma acylcarnitine profiles and ACADVL gene molecular testing. Functional testing,including white blood cell or fibroblast enzyme assay,is a useful diagnostic adjunct if molecular sequencing alone is insufficient to deter-mine the diagnosis or uncharacterized mutations are identified. Treatment emphasizes the avoidance of fasting and often includes a specialized diet that is high carbohydrate/low longchain fat which is supplemented by medium chain triglycerides(MCT).very-long chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase

Aim To investigate the influence of inhibi-tory nanocomposite on EC-9706 cells and the effect of nanocomposite on ESCCAL _ 1 LncRNA expression, siRNA-loaded nanocomposite being prepared as non-vi-rus delivery system Methods Mesoporous silica nano-particles were prepared by sol-gel method under room temperature and coated by cationic polymerpolyethylen-imine (PEI)on the surface to stay positive charge, which could facilitate its combination with negatively charged ESCCAL _ 1 siRNA. The size and surface charge of nanocomposite were determined by laser par-ticle analyzer and TEM. The inhibitory rate of nanopar-ticles on EC-9706 cells was detected by MTT methods. Entrapment efficiency was determined by agarose gel e-lectrophoresis. The uptake-siRNA was detected by flu-orescence microscope. The expression of ESCCAL _1 LncRNA was detected by RT-PCR. Results The MSNP appeared to have a high dispensability and hom-ogeneous size by particle size analyzer and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The formed nanoparticles had a surface mesoporous diameter of 3 ~ 5 nm. The proliferation of ESCCAL_1 was inhibited significantlly (P < 0. 05),and the 72h inhibitory rate was (54. 93 ± 2. 6)%;the siRNA loading could be effectively up-taken by EC-9706 cells;ESCCAL_1 silencing efficien-cy was 69. 5% . Conclusions The tumor targeting nanocomposite with high encapsulation efficiency is prepared. The proliferation of esophageal cancer EC-9706 cells can be effectively inhibited by anocompos-ite-mediated siRNA,and the expression of ESCCAL_1 is effectively silenced in EC-9706 cells. The nanocom-posite is an efficient gene delivery system and may have potential application in gene therapy.

OBJECTIVETo assess the feasibility of chromosomal microarray analysis(CMA) for studying the correlation between birth defects and chromosomal aberrations.

METHODSA total of 2000 patients with birth defects were recruited for the CMA testing.

RESULTSFive hundred twenty two patients (26.1%) were found to have chromosomal abnormalities. These included 24 cases with numerical abnormalities, 11 with mosaicisms, and 11 with uniparental disomies. The remaining 476 cases were of well-known microdeletion or microduplication syndromes. The advantage of CMA over conventional karyotyping was demonstrated in many cases.

CONCLUSIONAs a powerful tool for patients with birth defects, CMA can produce a higher diagnostic yield compared with conventional karyotyping.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosome Disorders ; genetics ; Chromosomes, Human ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Dosage ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis

AIM:To investigate the difference of non - invasive tearfilm break - up time (NIBUT) by Keratograph 5M beforeand after forced eye opening in healthy individuals.METHODS: Prospective case self - control study. Fortynormal volunteers (79 eyes ) were enrolled. Tear filmimages were captured, non-invasive first tear film breakuptime(NIBUTf ), non- invasive average tear film breakuptime (NIBUTav ) and dry eye level were measured byKeratograph 5M automatically before and after forced eyeopening in each subject. For the first time, we checkedthe left eye after the right eye, and the second timechecked the right eye after the left eye.RESULTS: The average of NIBUTf and NIBUTav were9 18士5. 52s, 11. 74 士5. 59s respectively and percentage ofevery level of dry eye were 43% , 37% , 20% respectivelybefore forced eye opening. The average of NIBUTf andNIBUTav were 8. 91士5. 54s, 11. 76士5. 58s and percentage ofdry eye at different levels were 35% , 48% , 16%respectively after forced eye opening. There was nosignificant difference on NIBUT and dry eye level byOculus keratograph 5M in normal subjects (t = 0. 37, P =0 72; t = -0. 038, P = 0. 97; Z = -0. 42, P = 0. 68).CONCLUSION: There is no influence on NIBUT and dryeye level by detected Keratograph 5M before and afterforced eye opening in healthy subjects.

OBJECTIVETo determine the role of Bmi-1 in the submandibular gland (SMG) of mice.

METHODSSMG of 4-week wild-type (WT) and Bmi-1 null (Bmi-1(-/-)) mice was analyzed on the weight, salivary flow rate, hematoxylin-eosin staining morphological differences and the changes in proliferation and aging by histology, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.

RESULTSCompared with WT mice, the average static salivary flow rate [WT:(0.21 ± 0.02) µg/min,Bmi-1(-/-): (0.10 ± 0.02) µg/min] (P = 0.001) and the submandibular gland weight [WT: (1.89 ± 0.15) µg], Bmi-1(-/-): [(1.34 ± 0.07)µg] (P = 0.003) of the male Bmi-1(-/-) mice were significantly decreased, the number of gland duct increased, and the granular convoluted duct showed reduced diameter and branches. More senescence-associated β-galactosidase positive cells existed in SMG of Bmi-1(-/-)mice (WT:0.00, Bmi-1(-/-): 0.18 ± 0.02), and Ki-67 immunopositive cells decreased in SMG of Bmi-1(-/-) mice (WT:0.40 ∼ 0.47, Bmi-1(-/-): 0.18 ∼ 0.20) (P = 0.000). The expression of p16 (WT:1.00 ± 0.12, Bmi-1(-/-): 0.00 ± 0.00) (P = 0.003) and p19 (WT:0.97 ± 0.09, Bmi-1(-/-): 5.09 ± 0.21) (P = 0.004) were up-regulated dramatically in SMG of the Bmi-1(-/-) mice.

CONCLUSIONSBmi-1 gene deficiency causes abnormal function of SMG by inducing senescence phenotype of SMG.

Animals ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Mice ; Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Submandibular Gland ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Up-Regulation

Aged ; Central Nervous System Neoplasms ; pathology ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective:To observe the effect of oral-facial muscle training applying virtual reality technology (VR) and of action observation therapy on the salivation of children with cerebral palsy (CP).Methods:Sixty CP children with uncontrolled salivation were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, each of 30. In addition to conventional rehabilitation treatment, the control group received routine tongue muscle training, buccal lip muscle training, ice stimulation, and Masako swallowing training. The observation group received oral-facial muscle training based on action observation therapy in a virtual environment. Both groups were trained 30min per day, 5 times a week for 3 weeks. Before and after the treatment, drooling (DDSS) and swallowing function scores were evaluated. Integrated surface electromyography (iEMG) of the buccinator and orbicularis oris muscles was also performed.Results:After treatment, a significant decrease was observed in the average DDSS and the swallowing function scores of both the control and observation groups, along with a significant increase in the average root mean square values of the buccinator and orbicularis oris iEMGs of both groups. However, the average DDSS score of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group, while the average iEMG readings were significantly better.Conclusion:VR-based action observation oral-facial muscle training is a more effective supplement to conventional rehabilitation treatment than conventional oral-facial muscle training in improving the salivation of children with CP.