Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of the short form of the Chinese Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory (CBSEI-C32) in Haikou,analyze the influencing factors of pregnant women's self-efficacy.Methods The CBSEI-C32 was used to investigate the self-efficacy of the 138 pregnant women in Haikou.Cronbach's α coefficients and confirmatory factor analysis were used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the questionnaire,the influencing factors were analyzed by the univariate analysis and multiple regression analysis.Results The Cronbach's α coefficients for the scale and subscales were 0.973 and between 0.971 and 0.976 respectively;and the cumulative variance was 82.60％,which indicated the scale's reliability and validity was good.The pregnant women's self-efficacy score was (189.64±36.54) points,The times of childbirth,family function and the main coping methods were the influence factor.Conclusions CBSEI-C32 was suit to measure the confidence of natural childbirth in Haikou pregnant women,and their self-efficacy level was general,diversity nursing intervention had to apply for improve pregnant women's self-efficacy.

Objective To study the effects of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and sertraline on the cognition functions in acute stressed rats.Methods Y-type maze were used to test the cognitive function of Male SD (Sprague-Dawley) rats.They were exposed to the forced-swimming stress test,which was to make acute stress model of depression.Except control group,rats were pretreated with different doses of GABA and/or sertraline,then the time of immobility in the forced-swimming test and latency in the maze were observed individual.Results Compared with the model group[(1404.33±129.46)s] ,GABA could decrease the immobility time obviously in the forced-swimming test [(432.33±187.64) s ＞ (332.50±217.23) s,P ＜ 0.01].Otherwise the immobility time was prolonged with 0.50 g/kg GABA + 10 mg/kg sertraline (1086.17±411.80) s (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the control group(105.00±32.18)s,the latency in the maze was prolonged remarkably in the model group (179.17±8.54) s(P＜ 0.05).Pretreatment with 10 mg/kg sertraline(100.30±21.01) s or GABA and sertraline groups (69.83±16.89) s,(86.83±13.11) s (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01) could decrease the latency.Conclusion GABA could play its role of antagonizing acute depression.Meanwhile,pretreatment with appropriate doses of GABA and sertraline not ordy could decrease doses of two drugs but also improve the cognitive function in the acute stress rats.

Objective To discuss the cause, managment and prevention of the postoperative complications of orbital implantation by clinical case analysis, and to provide reference for the future clinical work. Methods 175 cases of orbital implantation from Aug. 2011 to Aug. 2013 were retrospectively analyzed in our department. The postoperative complications occurrence, related symptomatic treatment, and the reasons of complications were analyzed. Results Complications occurred in 175 cases of 9 cases(5. 14%),including 4 cases of the con-junctival cyst (2.29%),3 cases of orbital implants exposure(1.71%),1 case of orbital chronic infection(0.57%)and 1 case of subcon-junctival tissue atrophy(0. 57%). All of them had obtained good curative through cyst excision or orbital implanting again after the active treatment. There were no complication occurred again. Conclusion The postoperative complications should be positively analyzed, and early positive precaution could reduce most of the complications.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of contrast enhanced ultrasonogrphy(CEUS) and quantitative analysis in differentiating between thyroid solid malignant masses and solid benign masses.Methods 40 patients with thyroid solid mass were enrolled into this prospective study between March 2012 and June 2012.A total of 45 thyroid solid masses were evaluated by CEUS,and the final pathology diagnosis was confirmed by core biopsy or thyroidectomy.The diagnostic yield of enhancement patterns and quantitative parameters were assessed for differentiating between the solid malignant and benign masses.Results Enhancement patterns were classified into five types (nonenhancement,early hypo enhancement,hypo enhancement,isoenhancement,hyperenhancement).Two malignant masses had nonenhancement pattern,and 6 malignant masses had early hypoenhancement pattern,and 14 malignant and 4 benign masses had the hypo enhancement pattern,and 5 malignant and 7 benign masses had the isoenhancement pattern,and 1 malignant and 6 benign masses had the hyperenhancement pattern.There was a significant difference between malignant and benign enhancement patterns of thyroid solid masses (x2 =12.184,P =0.016).Nonenhancement,early hypoenhancement and whole phase hypoenhancement pattern predict thyroid solid malignant masses with sensitivity of 78.5 ％ and specificity of 76.5 ％.Among seven quantitative parameters used to predict thyroid malignant mass,the relative maximum intensity (IMAX％) of lesions had highest value in differentiating between the malignant and benign masses with sensitivity of 80.8 ％ and specificity of 82.6％,and area under receiver operating curve (AUC) of the IMAX％ was 0.878.RT (rising time),TTP (time to peak intensity),mTT (mean transit time) had almost non differentiation value with AUC of 0.619,0.601,0.656 separately.And mTT-Ratio (mTT of lesion/mTT of parametric area),RT-Ratio (RT of lesion/RT of parametric area),TTP-Ratio (TTP of lesion/TTP of parametric area) had less differential diagnostic value with AUC of 0.749,0.744,0.704 comparing with IMAX％.Conclusions Nonenhancement and early or whole phase hypoenhancement could be characteristic enhancement pattern of malignant thyroid solid masses,and IMAX％ had good diagnostic value in differentiating between malignant and benign masses among the quantitative parameters.

Objective To evaluate the short-term efficiency and risk factors for effects after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for hepatic malignant tumors under the guidance of sonography.Methods The clinical data and the follow-up radiographic images of the patients with hepatic malignant tumors treated by percutaneous RFA were reviewed between June 2011 and May 2012,and the short-term incomplete ablation rate,recurrance rate and tumor progression rate were calculated,and the factors affecting the incomplete ablation rate,recurrence rate and progression rate were analyzed.Results 610 lesions were ablated in the total of 462 RFA procedures for 405 patients under the guidance of sonography with percutaneous method.The average size of the tumor was (2.5 ± 1.1)cm.During at least 3-month follow-up,complete and incomplete ablation rate was 89.2％ (544/610) and 10.8％ (66/610)separately,and recurrance rate and progression rate of tumor was 17.5％ (81/462) and 23.8％ (110/462).The numbers (≥3) and the size (≥3 cm) and the location (close to vessels) of the lesions reduced the complete ablation rate.The numbers (≥3) of lesions affected the recurrence rate and progression rate of lesions as only risk factor.Recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and metstasis from gastrointestine or non-gastrointestine had higher recurrence rate and progression rate comparing with primary HCC.Conclusions RFA can effectively control local progression of hepatic maglinant tumors,and the tumor's size,number and location close to velssels could effect complete ablation rate,the number of tumors could effect the recurrence and porgression rate.Recurrent HCC and metstasis from gastrointestine or nongastrointestine had higher recurrence and progression rate comparing with primary HCC.

Objective To summarize the manifestation of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) on ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS).MethodsThe 2D ultrasound and CEUS images of 16 patients With AIP were retrospectively analyzed.Results On 2D ultrasound,AIP presented as diffusely(15 cases) or focally (1 case)swelling with low echo.13 cases revealed dilatation of the biliary tract.The choledochal wall showed thickening with a sandwich-pattern in 9 cases,which was also shown in 3 intrahepatic bile ducts and 3 gall bladders.On CEUS,6 AlP of diffuse form enhanced simultaneously and homogeneously.1 AIP with enlarged pancreatic head enhanced simultaneously,the enhanced degree in pancreatic head was higher than that of the surrounding pancreatic tissue in the vascular phase and equal to that in the parenchymatous perfusion phase.1 AIP of focal form enhanced slightly late compared with normal pancreatic tissue and the enhanced degree was lower in the vascular phase,while in parenchymatous perfusion phase.the pancreatic tissue enhanced homogeneously.ConclusionsThe manifestation of AIP on ultrasound and CEUS had some features which were helpful in diagnosis of AIP.

BACKGROUND: Human lower limb system under different motion statuses exhibits great difference in terms of kinetic characteristics and joint deformation magnitude. Total hip replacement has been shown to be the best method to solve the severe illness of hip joints today. A good understanding of the responses of human lower limb system, in particular the knee joint, following total hip replacement is significant for rehabilitation training of patients.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of total hip replacement on knee joint deformation during motions by comparing the data collected from a patient who underwent total hip replacement 19 months ago and a healthy control subject under the same testing environment and method.METHODS: The patient was measured through the use of Optotrak Certus motion capture system (Northern Digital Inc.,California), and simultaneously measurements were performed in a healthy control subject presenting with similar body weight and body mass. Measurement indices included step length, step frequency, joint corner, and joint displacement curves. Speed and acceleration of each joint were calculated based on measured data.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Following total hip replacement, the structure of natural hip joint was destroyed. Although the gait did not change greatly, experimental data showed that knee joint deformed more greatly than normal gait, indicating the self-accommodation of human body, i.e., increasing the loading and deformation magnitude of knee joints can avoid the injuries caused by hip joint surgery.

Objective Lipocalin-2(LCN2) can promote the M1 approach of microglia.The study was to explore the effect of activated microglia induced by LCN 2 on depression pathogenesis in rats and its mechanism . Methods According to the chronic stress depression model created by Willner , 40 adult male SD rats were divided into 4 groups(n=10): normal control group;UCMS group;UCMS+LCN2 siRNA group;LCN2 siRNA control group .A series of stress stimulation was given on UCMS group and UCMS +LCN2 siRNA group for 21 days to create depression model .At 7 days after the stress stimulation , the rats in UCMS+LCN2 siRNA group and LCN2 siRNA control group were anaesthetized by 0.4mg intraperitoneal injection of 10% chloral hydrate , followed by intrathecal injection of LCN2 siRNA(0.015 μL/g, 3 times a week) to the rats till the end of the stress (21 days).At the same time, the same volume of isotonic saline was given to normal control group and UCMS group .The weight of rats was measured every week and the sucrose preference and the forced swimming test were applied to measure behavior of the rats after the experiment .The hippocampus of the rats were extracted and immunofluorescence and western blot were applied to detect the expressions of microglia specific markers:LCN2 and the Iba. Results At 3 week, the weight of rats in UCMS+LCN2siRNA group was higher than that of UCMS group ([262.82 ±0.01]g vs [179.98 ±0.08]g, P<0.05).The weight of rats in normal control group and LCN2 SiRNA control group increased significantly higher than the other two groups (P<0.05).The sucrose preference values of normal control group (0.82 ±0.01),UCMS+LCN2 siRNA group(0.81 ±0.01) and LCN2 siRNA control group(0.82 ±0.01) were higher than that of UCMS group (0.25 ±0.04) (P<0.05).The fixed time of the forced swimming test of UCMS+LCN2siRNA group decreased significantly compared with UCMS group ([4.64 ±0.8]s vs [23.11 ±2.63]s, P<0.05).The LCN2 expression of UCMS group was significantly greater than the other groups (P<0.05).The Iba1 expression in the hippocampus of the UCMS group increased significantly compared with other groups . Conclusion LCN2 is associated with the pathogenesis of de-pression induced by chronic stress reaction and is mechanism may be related to the activation of microglia in the central nervous system of rats.

Objective To evaluate the safety of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA ) in hepatic malignant tumors under the guidance of ultrasonography .Methods The clinical data and the follow‐up radiographic images of the patients with hepatic malignant tumors treated by percutaneous RFA between January 2012 and February 2014 were retrospectively reviewed ,and the major or minor complications of RFA were both calculated .Results 1 568 lesions were ablated by 1 080 percutaneous RFA procedures in 900 patients with hepatic malignant tumors under the guidance of the sonography .The average size of the tumors was (2 6.± 1 2.)cm .The total complications rate of 1 080 RFA procedures was 5 9.3% (64/1 080) , which including intra‐abdominal bleeding 2 7.8% (30/1 080) ,hepatic abscess 0 7.4% (8/1 080) ,biliary tract damage 0 6.4% (7/1 080 ) ,vascular damage 0 5.6% (6/1 080 ) ,tract seeding 0 4.6% (5/1 080 ) ,pleural hemorrhage 0 3.7% (4/1 080) ,gastrointestinal damage 0 1.8% (2/1 080) ,hepatic encephalopathy 0 0.9% (1/1 080) ,and death 0 0.9% (1/1 080) .While major complications was 1 9.4% (21/1 080) vs minor 3 9.8% (43/1 080) .Sixty three patients with complications recovered after treatments including blood transfusion , ablation ,surgery ,interventional drainage procedure and liver transplantation ,only one patient died for irreversible liver failure .Conclusions RFA for hepatic malignant tumors under the guidance of sonography is a safe method with lower complications rate ,however ,the potential major complications and the indications of RFA liver malignant tumors should be carefully focused on .

BACKGROUND:Spermatogonial stem cells are a kind of adult stem cells, which have self-renewal and differentiation potential, and can be differentiated into specific cells in vitro, suggesting that the spermatogonial stem cells may be possibly differentiated into osteoblasts. But the related research has not been reported. OBJECTIVE:To observe the biological characterization and osteogenic process of mouse spermatogonial stem cells cultured in vitro. METHODS:Spermatogonial stem cells were obtained from the testicle of mice aged 15-20 days, and were cultured on the feeder layer from bone marrow stroma cells in vitro. When cultured for 3 days, the cells were cultured in the conditioned medium (experimental group) and basic medium (control group). The cells proliferation capability and osteogenic property were examined by phase-contrast microscope, alkaline phosphatase activity and type I col agen immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Spermatogonial stem cells proliferated faster in the experiment group than in the control group. cells grew rapidly in colony-like shape in the conditioned medium at 3-6 days, the three-dimensional feeling enhanced, cellmass and clusters continued to increase in size, the extracellular matrix was increased in number and the cytoplasmic bridge was not obvious. After culture for 15 days, cells in the two groups were positive for alkaline phosphatase staining that the cytoplasmic membrane was dyed black. Under the fluorescent microscope, green fluorescence was visible in the experimental group, suggesting the cells in the experimental group was positive for type I col agen, but negative in the control group, which is similar with the biological characteristics of osteoblasts. These findings indicate that spermatogonial stem cells possess the osteogenic capability under induction conditions, which are expected to provide seed cells for bone tissue engineering.