This paper reviewed and analyzed the whole 29 years' compiling and revising histo-ry of Neurology the 5-year programming textbook for national undergraduates. The textbook has been becoming a high-quality textbook with novelty, practicability, readability and systematicness, conform-ing to the need of national education reform and reflecting the characteristics of neurology. Through the review of textbook history, we know that material construction can deepen the educational reform, improve the teaching level and discipline development, promote quality education and personnel train-ing.

Objective To illuminate the effect of persisters on antifungal therapy by infecting Caenorhabditis elegans as a live-animal model with Candida albicans isolates of different persister levels, treating them with amphotericin B and comparing the survival rate. Methods Glp-4 (bn2ts); sek-1 (km4) worms were synchronized and grown to sterile to L4-stage, put on different Candida albicans strains lawns separately for 2 h. Dispensed 15-20 worms per well of the 96-well plate, and added serial dilutions of amphotericin B for each strain group. Wells filled without any amphotericin B were used as negative controls intra-group. Incubated the plate at 25C for 5 days, counted the survival rate of each well. Results Compared with negative controls, survival rate of drug wells in each group increased. In the same drug concentration, the increase for high-persister group was significantly lower than that for low-persister group (P＜0.01). Conclusion Caenorhabditis elegans provides a model for the study of persisters and antifungal pharmacodynamics.The drug tolerance of persisters may be a critical component responsible for antifungal drug failure and relapsing infections.

Objective To investigate the association of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)G→A (R219K) in the exon 6 of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) gene with sporadic Alzheimer's disease (SAD) in the Han Chinese population.Methods Genotypes were determined by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 168 SAD patients and 215 healthy controls. The association between the polymorphism and AD was estimated with the odds ratios (OR).Results The frequency of A allele in SAD cases was significantly lower than in controls (37.8 % vs 48.1%,x~2=8.204, P=0.004),and the frequency of AA genotype in SAD cases was also significantly lower than in control (14.3% vs 22.8%,x~2=8.230,P=0.016).Logistic regression analyses adjusted for age,gender and ApoEe4 status showed that the risk for AD was decreased in A allele (G/A+A/A genotypes,OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.36—0.91,P=0.019) or AA homozygote carriers (OR 0.40,95% CI 0.21—0.77,P= 0.006) compared with GG genotypes carriers.Conclusion Our data indicate a genetic association between polymorphism in exon 6 of ABCA1 gene and the risk of AD and reveal that AA genotype or A allele of ABCAI gene may have a protective effect on AD in the Han Chinese.

Objective To study the effect of lovastatin on the expression and activity of β-site APP cleaving enzyme (BACE1). Methods The SH-SY5Y cells were treated by lovastatin. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay, and the levels of cholesterol were assayed spectrophotometrically, and the activity of BACE1 was detected by fluorometric assay, and the expression level of BACE1 was detected by Western Blot. Results Compared with the control group, the cholesterol levels were decreased by 33.0% (3.33 vs. 4.97; F=5.13, P =0.020) and the activity of BACE1 was reduced by 13.8% (343.14 vs. 398.22; F=3.773, P =0.035) after 24h treatment of 5μmol/L lovastatin; the cholesterol levels were decreased by 49.2% (2.65 vs. 5.22; F=12.239, P =0.001) and the activity of BACE1 was reduced by 38.0% (274.75 vs. 443.14; F=13.610, P <0.01). Treatment with 5μmol/L lovastatin,for 48 h did affect the expression level of BACE1. Conclusions Lovastatin do not affect the expression level of BACE1, but may inhibit its activity and decrease the cholesterol level, thus providing a new approach to prevent or treat Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Objective To study effects of Ginsenoside Rg1,Rb1 on activity and genetic expression of alpha secretase in the progress of metabolism of APP.Methods Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line transacted by mutant PS1 (ML46L) genes and wild type PS1 genes was used.The activity of alpha secretase was tested by fluorometric reaction.The expression of ADAM9 and ADAM10 was analysis through western blotting and RT-PCR.Results The activity of alpha secretase was increased significantly in Ginsenoside Rg1,Rb1 group than that without Ginsenoside group (P

Microbiology is an important basic course of biological subject.Base on using different modern means,the teaching method was explored and attempted,such as quiz teaching,discussion teaching,inductive teaching and teaching check.It is possible for students to be- come main part for teaching course,and student enthusiasm for study was mobilized.

Objective:To study protective e ects of ginsenoside Rg1,Rb1 on cultured CHO cell injure induced by beta-amyloid protein 25-35(A?25-35).Methods:MTT assay was used to measure the cell viability after incubated with 40?mol/L A?25-35 for 24h and ginsenoside Rg1,Rb1 added into substratum.The e ect of anti-apoptosis of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 were assayed through ow cytometric analysis.Results:Compare with the control group,the cellular activity was decreased(P

Objective:To observe the effect of acupoint massage plus acupoint sticking therapy for the stress reaction during postoperative anesthesia recovery period in patients undergoing nasal endoscopic surgery.Methods:A total of 120 patients undergoing nasal endoscopic surgery were included,and all patients were under trachea intubation and general anesthesia.The patients were randomized into an observation group and a control group,with 60 patients in each group.Patients in the control group received conventional anesthesia resuscitation,while patients in the observation group received acupoint massage plus acupoint sticking therapy on the basis of conventional anesthesia resuscitation.Changes in the heart rate (HR),systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were observed at three time points including the end of the surgery (TO),the removal of the tracheal tube (T1) and 10 min after the removal of the tracheal tube (T2).The awakening and tube removal time,choking cough and restlessness,and adverse reactions (dizziness,nausea and vomiting) in 24 h post-surgery period were compared.Results:At T1 and T2,the comparisons of HR,SBP and DBP between the two groups showed statistical significance (all P＜0.05).Intra-group comparisons showed that the HR,SBP and DBP of the control group at T1 and T2 were significant different from those at TO (all P＜0.05).There were significant differences in the awakening time and tube removal time between the two groups (both P＜0.05).The incidences of choking cough and restlessness were 8.3％ and 3.3％ respectively in the observation group,versus 53.3％ and 30.0％ in the control group,and the between-group comparisons showed statistical significance (both P＜0.05).The incidences of dizziness,nausea and vomiting in 24 h post-surgery period were 3.3％,5.0％ and 0.0％ respectively in the observation group,versus 43.3％,33.3％ and 25.0％ in the control group,and the between-group comparisons showed statistical significance (all P＜0.05).Conclusion:Acupoint massage plus acupoint sticking therapy can effectively regulate the stress reaction during postoperative anesthesia recovery period in patients undergoing nasal endoscopic surgery,and maintain a stable internal environment.

Objective To investigate the correlation of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene variations in the promoter region with the sporadic Alzheimer' s disease (SAD) in Chinese Han population for better understanding the mechanism of SAD. MethodsThe polymorphisms of 279 SAD Chinese Han patients from Northern China were analyzed by comparing with those from 317 healthy individuals using the method of polymeraee chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism ( PCR-RFLP) or direct sequencing.The commercial statistics package SPSS 11.5 was used to compare the distribution of the allele and the genotype, and to analyze their correlations with SAD. ResultsThree polymorphism sites were found for the VEGF promoters in the Chinese Han sample group including -2578C/A,- 2549I/D and- 1154G/A.- 2549I/D and- 2578C/A exhibiting strong linkage disequilibrium. Individuals with the A allele at position -2578 had an insertion of 18 nucleotides at -2459I/D, whereas CC homozygotes did not contain th es were found between the SAD patients and the controls in the 3 VEGF polymorphisms. After adjusting the data for gender, age and the ApoE ε4 allele using Logistic regression, the - 1154G/G genotype of the VEGF promoter might increase the risk of SAD in Chinese Han population.Among the subgroup without the ApoE ε4 allele, -2549D/-1154G haplotype might increase the risk for SAD (OR = 1.325, 95％ CI 1.023--1.716, P=0.033). ConclusionsThree polymorphism sites ( -2578C/A, -254911D, and -1154G/A) are found in the VEGF promoter regions in Chinese Han population. The-1154G/G genotype of the VEGF promote appears to increase the risk of SAD in Chinese Han population.In the absence of ApoE ε4, the -2549D/-1154G haplotype of the VEGF promoter appears to affect the risk for SAD.

In clinical practice, the teachers should lead students to integrate the basic medical and clinical medical knowledge, and promote their comprehensive ability. Taking the department of gynaecology as an example, we learn from the analysis of specific practice that teachers need to pay attention to the reasonable conversion between doctors and teachers, strengthen their own basic medical knowledge reserves and teaching ability, strengthen the experience exchange with the teachers who teach basic course and give students clear interpretation of the relevant basic medical knowledge, pro-mote students to converse from basic medical skills to clinical skills, from theory to practical skills, and enable students to adapt to the role of interns as soon as possible.