Animal Experimentation ; Animal Testing Alternatives ; methods ; Animal Welfare ; Animals ; Toxicity Tests ; methods

ObjectiveA method was proposed for the determination of the concent of total glucoside of peaony(TGP) fromPaeonia lactifloriaPall. by UV spectrophotometry.MethodsBased on the extract with 80% acidities alcohol, extracted by aether and n-butyl alcohol, TGP was obtained fromPaeonialactifloriaPall.. The determination was established with paeoniflorin which was the main component of TGP as a contrast by UV spectrophotometry at 230 nm.ResultsA good liner relationship between concentrationof paeoniflorin and its absorbance was obtained,and the liner range was between 0.040 2~0.201 1 mg/ml. The averagerecovery was 101.81%.ConclusionThis method is simple rapid and reliable. It could be used for the semi-quantitative determination of TGP of paeony in paeonialactifloria pall..

Objective To explore the effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) approach in treating patients with cancer- related fatigue during periods of chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in China. Methods A total of 162 participants who treated with GP chemotherapy were randomly assigned to three groups: 66 cases in control group, 61 cases in TEAS group, 67 cases in Sham TEAS group. The following acupoints were used in this study: Qihai (CV 6), Keshu (UB 17), and Zusanli (ST 36). Participants in TEAS group and Sham TEAS group received eight 30-min sessions of TEAS over 28 days. The Revised Piper Fatigue Scale (RPFS) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC-QLQ-C30) were used to measure cancer related fatigue (CRF) on the day before chemotherapy days 8 and 28 separately. The differences among three groups were analyzed. Results Finally, 167 patients were included in this study, 56 cases in control group, 57 cases in TEAS group, 49 cases in Sham TEAS group. At the 28th day, the outcomes of the RPFS for TEAS group, Sham TEAS group and control groupscored 2.06 ± 0.90, 2.80 ± 1.34, 3.00 ± 1.29 respectively. There were significantly different among three groups (F=9.784,P<0.01). At the 28th day, the outcomes of the EORTC-QLQ-C30 for TEAS group, Sham TEAS group and control groupscored 64.56 ± 5.00, 54.90 ± 6.25, 54.48 ± 9.68 respectively. There were significantly different among three groups (F=34.119, P<0.01). Conclusions TEAS could help to relived cancer-related fatigue.

Objective To study the salt intake of patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis and explore their knowledge and behaviour. Methods The patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis were offered salt spoon and soy sauce cup. Their diaries on home meals for 3 consecutive days were collected to calculate their salt intake. Meanwhile, a one to one interview was done to evaluate the accuracy of patient′s diet diary and the knowledge and behavior of low salt diet and find out related factors of salt intake. Results The average salt intake was (6.49 ± 1.64)g/d. The average composition rate in the low salt diet knowledge in low salt diet behavior was 51.00% and 47.00% respectively. Age and education level were the influencing factors of salt intake. Conclusions The average salt intake is much higher than the standard for the patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Their low salt diet knowledge is in the middle level and their low salt diet behavior is in the middle or lower level. The related factors include age and education among patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.

Animals ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Pyrethrins ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Teratogens ; toxicity

[Objective] To detect the expression levels of connexin43(Cx43),P-gp and COX-2 in bone marrow of patients with acute leukemia (AL),and investigate their relationship with the pathogenesis,prognosis and resistance of this condition.[Methods]Using SYBR green real-time quantitativereverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (SYBR-RT-PCR),the expression of Cx43,P-gp and COX-2 mRNA were detected in 77 AL patients at different phases,including 36 initially-treated,20 complete-remission (CR)and 20 relapsed.A follow-up was done in those initially lreated.[Results]Expression levels of Cx43,P-gp and COX-2 mRNA from initially-treated were 0.52±0.57,1.42 ±1.06,1.14±0.95;those from relapse AL patients were 0.20±0.40,2.29 ±1.11,1.69±0.81,respectively,those from CR patients were 0.95±0.37,0.93±-0.73,0.79±0.58,respectively,those from normal patients were 1.16 ±0.67,0.86±0.63,0.61±0.57.Expression levels of Cx43 mRNA in initially-treated and relapse AL patients were significantly lower than those in normal patients and CR patients(initially-treated P were 0.001,0.005;relapse patients were P＜0.001),while the comparison between normal patients and CR patients showed no statistical significance(P=0.185).Cx43mRNA expression level was negatively correlated with P-gp and COX-2 mRNA,and a negative correlation was noted of both two expressions in initially-treated and relapse groups (Cx43 mRNA and P-gp mRNA r were -0.471,-0.362,-0.526;Cx43 mRNA and COX-2 mRNA r were -0.479,-0.344,-0.471).A follow-up of four months was conducted in 36 initially-treated patients,eight of them died.The expression Cx43 in those who died was lower than that who survived.The difference was significant(t=2.16,P=0.042).[Conclusion] Cx43mRNA expression levels of initially-treated and relapse AL patients were lower than those in normal patients and CR patients,P-gp and COX-2 mRNA expression levels of initially-treated and relapse AL patients were higher than those in normal patients and CR patients.Cx43 expre-ssion probably is a favorable prognostic factor.Cx43 is participation in the genesis,development and drug resistance of AL.

Objective To analyze the relationship of the expression level of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2, c-erbB-2) of breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) with ultrasonographic characteristics. Methods Totally 104 patients with IDCs confirmed pathologically were involved in this study. ER, PR and c-erbB-2 expression in the IDC specimens was determined by immunohistochemical staining technique. The correlation between the ultrasonographic features and the positive expression of ER, PR or c-erbB-2 was analyzed. Results The positive expression rate of ER and PR in the group with tumor spiculation sign and posterior acoustic attenuation was higher than that in the group without. The positive expression rate of ER differed significantly (P<0.05) while that of PR did not (P>0.05). The over-expression rate of c-erbB-2 in the group of microcalcification, sufficient blood flow and axillary lymph node metastasis was higher than that in the group of non-microcalcification, deficient blood flow or without axillary lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). The expression of ER, PR and c-erbB-2 was not related to the size of tumor (P>0.05). Conclusion The expression of ER and c-erbB-2 is closely related to the ultrasonographic characteristics of IDC, which may, to some extent, reflect the expression level of ER and c-erbB-2.

Aim To develop the in vitro and in vivo models induced by shrimp tropomyosin( ST) and mono-clonal tropomyosin-specific murine IgE antibody ( anti-ST-IgE mAb) . Methods ST was purified from Metap-enaeusensis by an isoelectric precipitation method. The anti-ST-IgE mAb was obtained from hybridomas. After RBL-2 H3 cells were sensitized with anti-ST-IgE mAb and challenged with ST,β-hexosaminidase release was determined. Passive systemic anaphylaxis ( PSA ) was induced in mice and the rectal temperature was recor-ded after ST challenge within 30 min by a thermal probe. Results A significant increase ofβ-hexosamin-idase was observed in sensitized cells after ST chal-lenge. The average temperature drop after ST challenge was 1. 44℃ in PSA mice within 30 min. Conclusion The in vitro and in vivo models induced by ST and anti-ST-IgE mAb are established as an improvement of pres-ent models of type Ⅰ allergy.

Objective To explore the effect of leg massage during operation on deep venous thrombosis(DVT)in patients of vascular surgery department.Methods Ninety-four DVT patients were randomized into experiment group and control group according to the computer-generated numbers ,46 cases in the latter and 48 in the former.The routine care measures were applied in the control group, while intraoperative leg massage was used in the observation group.The two groups were compared in terms of curative effect and the incidence of DVT.Result The incidences of DVT in the experiment group and the control one were 2.08%(1/48)and 15.22%(7/46)respectively, showing significant difference between them(P<0.05).Conclusion The intraoperative lag massage are significant in the reduction of DVT incidences after operation.

Codon bias is an important factor which influences heterologous gene expression. Optimizing codon sequence could improve expression level of heterologous gene. In order to improve the expression level of BmK AngM1 gene encoding the analgesic peptide from Buthus martensii Karsch in Pichia pastoris, the codon-optimized BmK AngM1 gene according to its cDNA sequence and the preference codon usage of P. pastoris were cloned into expression vector pPIC9K and then transformed into P. pastoris. The expersion of recombinant BmK AngM1 (rBmK AngM1) was inducced by methanol in the medium, and the expression level of the optimized BmK AngM1 gene was 3.7 times of the native one. These results suggested that the expression of BmK AngM1 in P. pastoris could be successfully improved by codon optimization.