According to the practice of discipline construction in Guangdong Gollege of Pharmacy, three principles must be followed:the character of college and the relationship between college and local economical development should be clear, educational resourcesmust be made full use of and rationally disposeds and new disciplines can be established if they are suitable for social desire. Contentand goal of mechanism about discipline regulation have also been designed.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the HPLC fingerprint of flavonoids from Dendrobium officinale and screen important flavonoid components. METHODS: HPLC analysis was carried out on an XB C18 column(4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) with methanol and water containing 0.4% formic acid as mobile phase using gradient elution program. The detection wavelength was set at 335 nm. Total 11 batches of Dendrobium officinale and 15 batches of different species of Dendrobium were analyzed. The similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2004AB) was applied to analyze the similarity. And principal component analysis (PCA) was used in data analysis. RESULTS: The HPLC fingerprint of flavonoids in Dendrobium officinale was established. Six peaks in this HPLC fingerprint were selected as common characteristic peaks, five of which were identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI2. Among the five peaks, four were flavone di-C-glycosides whose aglycone was apigenin, and the other one was naringenin. There were significant differences in the fingerprint chromatograms between Dendrobium officinale and different species of Dendrobium. PCA results indicated that apigenin-6,8-di-C-β-D-glucoside, schaftoside and naringenin were the most important components. CONCLUSION: The established method is highly characteristic and can provide reference for improving the quality control of Dendrobium officinale.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the HPLC fingerprints of flavone C-glycosides in Dendrobium officinale leaves and determine the content of apigenin-6-C-α-L-arabinoside-8-C-β-D-xyloside for the quality control. METHODS: The compounds were separated by using XB C18(4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) analytical column. The mobile phase consisted of methanol and water containing 0.4% formic acid. Gradient elution program was used. The detection wavelength was 335 nm. In total 14 batches of Dendrobium officinale leaves and 3 batches of different species from Dendrobium were analyzed. Similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine (2004AB) and principal component analysis(PCA) were used in data analysis. RESULTS: The HPLC fingerprint of flavone C-glycosides of Dendrobium officinale leaves was established. In total 9 peaks were selected as the characteristic common peaks and 8 of them were identified. There were significant differences in the fingerprint chromatograms between Dendrobium officinale leaves and different species from Dendrobium. Principal component analysis showed that apigenin-6-C-α-L-arabinoside-8-C-β-D-xyloside among the flavone di-C-glycosides was the most important component. CONCLUSION The HPLC fingerprint and content of major component can be applied for identification and quality control of Dendrobium officinale leaves.

OBJECTIVE: To identify flavone C-glycosides in Dendrobium officinale leaves by high performance liquid chromatography with DAD and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn). METHODS: The chromatographic separation was carried out at 30°C on a XB C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) eluted with gradient program. The mobile phase consisted of methanol and water containing 0.4% formic acid. The detection wavelength was 335 nm and the on-line UV spectra was recorded in the range of 190-400 nm. The mass spectra was obtained by Agilent ion trap mass spectrometer in the negative ion mode with capillary voltage 4 500 V, dry gas temperature 350°C, dry gas flow 12.0 L · min-1, nebulizer pressure 241 kPa; mass range recorded m/z 50-600. RESULTS: Eight flavone di-C-glycosides from D. officinale leaves, whose aglycone was apigenin and monosaccharide was connected with C-6 and C-8, were identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn for the first time. The study further proved the characteristics of fragmentation pattern of flavone C-glycosides in ESI-MSn. CONCLUSION: The method is simple and rapid for the identification of D. officinale leaves. The characteristics of fragmentation pattern of ESI-MSn in flavone di-C-glycosides provide a reference for rapid detection and identification of flavone C-glycosides.

Objective To analyze the Brucellosis incidence and to predict the trends of the disease in Shanxi province and the national in recent years,which could provide the reference for surveillance,prevention and control of the disease.Methods Brucellosis data which was reported monthly during January 2006 and December 2010 in Shanxi province and the data released by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention during January 2005 and December 2010 were collected.Several indexes,such as the annual increasing number,the development rate,growth rate and other indicators were applied to compare Shanxi province with the national Brucellosis epidemic in recent years.What's more,the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model (ARIMA) was fitted respectively with the data of Brucellosis incident number reported monthly,so as to predict the prevalence status in the coming two years by verifying the fitting effect.Results Brucellosis prevalence of Shanxi province reached the peak in 2008,and the incidence number was 5397,which was 900 more than 2007.From the onset of decline after 2008,the prevalence decreased by 17.67％ (906/5128) in 2010.However,national incidence of Brucellosis kept increasing before 2009 and the prevalence increased rapidly from 2007 to 2008,and the growth rate reached 39.16％ (8442/21 560).Although the number of Brucellosis fell by 2041 cases in 2010 than in 2009,the rate of decline was only 5.14％(2041/37 734).The fastigium of Brucellosis was from May to July yearly whether Shanxi province or the country.The ARIMA models of Shanxi province and the nation were ARIMA [(1,0,1)(1,1,0)12] and ARIMA[(1,0,1)(0,1,1)12],respectively,according to the incidence numbers reported monthly.The fitting effect of models showed that the predicted values of the two models were both consistent with the actual situation and all predicted values fell within the 95％ confidence limits,which depicted that they both fitted well.The predicted values depict that the incidence of Brucellosis overall trend was basically stable in Shanxi province,while the numbers in the nation would increase in a small extent in 2011 and 2012.The fastigium of Brucellosis was still from May to July yearly.Conclusions Brucellosis control measures are effective in Shanxi province,incidence of Brucellosis declining.The ARIMA model could predict the number of Brucellosis well,which can provide a valuable reference for the predication and evaluation of Brucellosis epidemic in the future.

ObjectiveTo explore the significance of intrauterine infection of hepatitis B virus in pregnant women with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) negative by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). MethodsTwenty-four pregnant women with HBsAg and HBeAg negative but other HBV markers positive together with their infants were included as study group. Sixteen pregnant women with HBV marker negative and their infants were in the control group. HBV DNA in sera and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of two groups was detected by nested PCR respectively. Results(1)In the study group, the positive rates of HBV DNA of pregnant women were 33% (8/24) in the sera and 42% (10/24) in PBMCs. Three women were detected HBV DNA in both serum and PBMCs. The rate of HBV infection was 63% (15/24); (2)also in the study group, the positive rates of HBV DNA of the infants were 13% (3/24) in the sera and 25% (6/24) in PBMCs. One newborn was detected HBV DNA in both serum and PBMCs, the rate of intrauterine infection of HBV was 33% (8/24); (3) HBV DNA was detected in sera and/or in PBMCs from four newborns of pregnant women with HBV DNA positive only in PBMCs, the positive ratio was 4/7. ConclusionsHBV intrauterine infection is possible in pregnant women with HBsAg and HBeAg negative. Detecting HBV-DNA in sera and PBMCs of pregnant women and their newborns by PCR is important clinical significance.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of sweep pattern visual evoked potential in assessing visual acuity (SPVEP-A)of amblyopic children.Design Prospective clinical study.Participants 80 patients(148 case)of amblyopic children and 26 children(52 case)with normal vision.Methods The correlation were analysed of SPVEP-A and E acuity in 80 amblyopic children and of SPVEP-A and PVEP-A in 26 children of normal visual.SPVEP-A was recorded with UTAS-E 3000(LKC)using gratings of 25 differ- ent spatial frequency from 0.2 to 18.8cpd as stimulus.The response were averaged and DFT on the monitor display.SPVEP-A was de- termined by extrapolate to 0 response amplitude.Both transient PVEP-A and SPVEP-A were examined in 26 normal children.The ob- jective visual acuity in PVEP were determined with the highest spatial frequency which evoked a recognizable response.Main Out- come Measures SPVEP-A,PVEP-A and E acuity.Results SPVEP-A were from 0.35 to 0.9 among 80 patients with corrected E acu- ity from 0.1 to 0.8.The correlation coefficient of SVEP-A-I with E acuity was 0.602 .The correlation coefficient of SPVEP-A.between reproducibility detection was 0.448.The correlation between SPVEP-A and E acuity in amblyopic slightly was higher than middle and severe amblyopia(r=0.773 vs r=0.590).In 26 normal children a correlation coefficient of 0.679 was obtained between E acuity anti PVEP-A but 0.424 between E acuity and SPVEP-A.Higher evaluation or lower evaluation of E acuity was found in SPVEP-A in this study.Acuity was upostimated in lower scope of E acuity and underestimated in higher scope of E acuity.The reproducibility and vari- ation were not satisified.Conclusion The sweep VEP is a objective method of amblyopic screening.There is significant positive corre- lation between SPVEP-A and E,but its variability is more great,so we should improve its stability and positive rate uheriorly.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system(LNG-IUS)for the treatment of dysmenorrhea associated with adenomyosis.Methods We recruited 48 women with moderate or severe dysmenorrhea associated with adenomyosis.All women were inserted of LNG-IUS into their uterine cavity from days 5-7 of their periods and maintained for 12 months.We compared the visual analogue scale(VAS)scores and verbal rating scale(VRS)scores of their dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia at baseline and 12 monthes follow-up.Results Forty-four women completed the study. There were significant differences between mean VAS and VRS scores changes of dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia at baseline and 12 monthes follow-up,those of dysmenorrhea dropping from 75?13 to 11?11 and 2.3?0.4 to 0.4?0.3,those of dyspareunia dropping from 54?19 to 4?4 and from 1.6?0.8 to 0.2?0.2 respectively.Overall 29 women(66%)were very satisfied or satisfied with the one-year treatment. Conclusion Insertion of LNG-IUS alleviates moderate or severe dysmenorrhea associated with adenomyosis remarkably.

In order to provide scientific basics for exploitation and sufficient application of Dendrobium officinale leaves resources, the phenol-sulfuric acid method was applied to determine the polysaccharide content. The monosaccharides were derivated by PMP and the derivatives were identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS(n) and the contents of mannose and glucose were determined simultaneously. Similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine (2004A) was employed to generate the mean chromatogram and similarity analysis of the samples was carried out. The results demonstrated that polysaccharide content, monosaccharide compositions and composition ratio had an obvious difference between stems and leaves. The polysaccharide content of stems was higher than that of leaves. Monosaccharide composition in leaf was significantly different from that in stem. The polysaccharide from stems was composed of mannose and glucose, however the polysaccharide of leaves was acid heteropolysaccharide and was mainly composed of five monosaccharides, including mannose, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose. The similarity value of the 14 batches was above 0.9, indicating that similarity of fingerprints among different samples was high. The study can provide evidence for expanding the medicinal parts of D. officinale.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dendrobium ; chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry