BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to answer the following two questions: 1) Do the radiological parameters of dysplasia have significant correlations between themselves or with the parameters of the proximal femoral deformity and vice versa? 2) Do the physical parameters have a significant correlation with the radiological parameters of hip dysplasia and proximal femoral deformity? METHODS: Four hundred and twenty eight consecutive patients with no clinical evidence of hip osteoarthritis and who underwent pelvic radiography in the supine position for hip contusion or a routine health check were analyzed for the relationships between the center-edge (CE) angle, acetabular depth, acetabular angle, the head-neck ratio and the neck-shaft angle as well as the relationships of the above-mentioned variables with age, gender, body height and the body mass index. RESULTS: The CE angle, acetabular depth and acetabular angle showed a strong correlation with each other. The neck-shaft angle and the head-neck ratio showed no correlation with each other or with the CE angle, acetabular depth and acetabular angle. Age was positively associated with the CE angle, and inversely associated with the acetabular depth or acetabular angle. Male gender was significantly associated with the increased neck-shaft angle, and inversely associated with the head-neck ratio. CONCLUSIONS: The radiological parameters of hip dysplasia are all strongly, if not perfectly, inter-correlated. Age was associated with the radiological parameters of hip dysplasia whereas gender was associated with the radiological parameters of a proximal femoral deformity.
Acetabulum/*abnormalities/radiography ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biomechanics ; Body Height ; Body Mass Index ; Female ; Femur Head/*abnormalities/radiography ; Femur Neck/*abnormalities/radiography ; Hip Dislocation, Congenital/radiography ; Hip Joint/*abnormalities/radiography ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Republic of Korea ; Sex Factors ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To find factors affecting hip and femoral deformities in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) by comparing various clinical findings with imaging studies including plain radiography and computed tomography (CT) imaging. METHODS: Medical records of 709 children with spastic CP who underwent thorough baseline physical examination and functional assessment between 2 to 6 years old were retrospectively reviewed. Fifty-seven children (31 boys and 26 girls) who had both plain radiography of the hip and three-dimensional CT of the lower extremities at least 5 years after baseline examination were included in this study. RESULTS: The mean age at physical examination was 3.6 years (SD=1.6; range, 2–5.2 years) and the duration of follow-up imaging after baseline examination was 68.4 months (SD=22.0; range, 60–124 months). The migration percentage correlated with motor impairment and the severity of hip adductor spasticity (R1 angle of hip abduction with knee flexion). The femoral neck and shaft angle correlated with the ambulation ability and severity of hip adductor spasticity (R1 and R2 angles of hip abduction with both knee flexion and extension). CONCLUSION: Hip subluxation and coxa valga deformity correlated with both dynamic spasticity and shortening of hip adductor muscles. However, we found no correlation between femoral deformities such as femoral anteversion, coxa valga, and hip subluxation.
Bone Anteversion ; Cerebral Palsy* ; Child* ; Congenital Abnormalities* ; Coxa Valga ; Femur Neck ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip Dislocation ; Hip* ; Humans ; Knee ; Lower Extremity ; Medical Records ; Muscle Spasticity* ; Muscles ; Physical Examination ; Radiography ; Retrospective Studies ; Walking