Adolescent ; Blood Vessels ; pathology ; Female ; Femur Head ; blood supply ; pathology ; Femur Head Necrosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Male

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress on the role of macrophage-mediated osteoimmune in osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) and its mechanisms. METHODS: Recent studies on the role and mechanism of macrophage-mediated osteoimmune in ONFH at home and abroad were extensively reviewed. The classification and function of macrophages were summarized, the osteoimmune regulation of macrophages on chronic inflammation in ONFH was summarized, and the pathophysiological mechanism of osteonecrosis was expounded from the perspective of osteoimmune, which provided new ideas for the treatment of ONFH. RESULTS: Macrophages are important immune cells involved in inflammatory response, which can differentiate into classically activated type (M1) and alternatively activated type (M2), and play specific functions to participate in and regulate the physiological and pathological processes of the body. Studies have shown that bone immune imbalance mediated by macrophages can cause local chronic inflammation and lead to the occurrence and development of ONFH. Therefore, regulating macrophage polarization is a potential ONFH treatment strategy. In chronic inflammatory microenvironment, inhibiting macrophage polarization to M1 can promote local inflammatory dissipation and effectively delay the progression of ONFH; regulating macrophage polarization to M2 can build a local osteoimmune microenvironment conducive to bone repair, which is helpful to necrotic tissue regeneration and repair to a certain extent. CONCLUSION At present, it has been confirmed that macrophage-mediated chronic inflammatory immune microenvironment is an important mechanism for the occurrence and development of ONFH. It is necessary to study the subtypes of immune cells in ONFH, the interaction between immune cells and macrophages, and the interaction between various immune cells and macrophages, which is beneficial to the development of potential therapeutic methods for ONFH.
Humans ; Femur Head/pathology* ; Osteonecrosis/therapy* ; Macrophages/pathology* ; Inflammation ; Femur Head Necrosis/pathology*

In the revisions of total hip replacement, the classification of the bone deficiency includes both the acetabular and the femur. That classification of the acetabular bone deficiency includes the classification of Paprosky, Engh, Gross, Gustilo and Pasternak, Chongqing, and so on. That classification of the femoral bone deficiency includes AAOS, Paprosky, Mallory, and modified Mallory. All of the classification is not consistent for peroperative evaluation. As to the confusion, it is necessity to do more researches.
Acetabulum ; pathology ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Femur ; pathology ; Humans

Pelvic organs are generally sufficiently outlined by extraperitoneal fat, and there is a relative absence of physiologic motion. Computed tomography(CF) of the pelvic cavity is advantageous to demarcate anatomical features. It is important to standardize localization and volumetric measurement of intrapelvic organs in each plane of pelvic computed topography image. Forty four cases without pelvic pathology were studied in other to determine the normal morphology of the prostate and seminal vesicles on CT with the standard plane of greater trochanter to be appeared. The shape of pelvic cavity had android type in three-fifths and the size had 60.0~ 153.6mm(mean 95.3+/-17.7 mm) in anteroposterior diameter and 87.6~158.3 mm (mean 102.5+/-13.5 mm) in transverse. About four-fifths of the shape of the prostate had round type on the level of appearing to the largest prostate. About four-fifths of number of appearing plane of prostate on pelvic CT had 3 planes. The mean volume of the prostate was 32.6+/-7.2 ml and the volume of the prostate was well correlated with age(p<0.000). The mean anterior and lateral space of Retzius were 12.0+/-11.8 mm, 16.1+/-14.1 mm respectively. According to patient`s body weight and height, space were not correlated to body weight & height. About a half and one-third of the shape of the seminal vesicles had bow-tie and crescent type on the level of appearing to the largest seminal vesicles. About three-Fifths and one-fifth of number of appearing plane of seminal vesicles on pelvic CT had 2 and 3 planes. The mean length of right and left seminal vesicles was 40.4+/-5.2 mm and 38.7+/-6.1 mm respectively.
Body Weight ; Femur ; Humans ; Male* ; Pathology ; Prostate* ; Seminal Vesicles

Bone Cements ; Femur ; pathology ; Humans ; Osteolysis, Essential ; therapy ; Syndrome

Adult ; Bone Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Femur ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Osteochondroma ; pathology ; surgery ; Young Adult

Adult ; Femur ; pathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Synovial Membrane ; pathology ; Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular ; pathology ; surgery

Acetabulum ; pathology ; Aged ; Femur Head ; pathology ; Hip Joint ; pathology ; Humans ; Male

Bone Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Femur ; pathology ; Fibroma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male

Adult ; Bone Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Femur Neck ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Osteochondroma ; pathology ; surgery