The purpose of the present study was to observe the structure and functional change of the bone-coating-prosthesis interface in vivo and to evaluate the histocompatibility of self-made prosthetic femoral components in the body and the degree of their bonding with the surrounding bone tissues as well as their stability. Six mature beagle dogs underwent bilateral hip replacement with prosthetic femur components. Three groups were established in terms of different coating of prothesis (four joints in each group): atmosphere (A) plasma-sprayed pure titanium (Ti) prosthetic joint with hydroxyapatite (HA) coating (HA+Ti+A group); vacuum (V) plasma-sprayed pure Ti prosthetic joint with HA coating (HA+Ti+V group); vacuum plasma-sprayed pure Ti prosthetic joint with Ti-HA stepped coating (Ti+HAG+Ti+V group). The hip joints were functionally evaluated, and subjected to X-ray examination, biomechanics inspection, and histological examination. As a result, X-ray imaging revealed all prosthetic joints were in a good location and no dislocation of joint was found. Shear strength of interface was significantly higher in Ti+HAG+Ti+V group than in HA+Ti+V group (P<0.05) and HA+Ti+A group (P<0.05) at 28th week. Histological examination showed the amount of newborn bone in Ti+HAG+Ti+V group was more than in HA+Ti+V group and HA+Ti+A group after 28 weeks. It was suggested that vacuum plasma-sprayed pure Ti prosthetic joint with TI-HA stepped coating could improve the bonding capacity of bone-prosthesis, enhance the stability of prosthesis, and increase the fixion of prosthetic femoral components because of better bone growth. This new type of biological material in prosthetic femoral components holds promises for application in clinical practice.
Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; drug effects ; physiology ; Bone Development ; drug effects ; physiology ; Coated Materials, Biocompatible ; pharmacology ; Dogs ; Durapatite ; pharmacology ; Femur ; drug effects ; physiology ; Prostheses and Implants ; Titanium ; pharmacology ; Vacuum

Bones are stained into red color with feeding madder, but we do not know whether the fed madder can change the bone biomechanical properties and bone mineral contents in animals. In this research, we established a rat model with feeding madder. The bone biomechanical properties were detected by universal material mechanics, bone mineral contents were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and spectrometer, and red color material in bone was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that bone biomechanical parameters in femur diaphysis in the 10% and 15% group rats were significantly higher than those in the control group after feeding madder for 6 months. The level of calcium, magnesium and zinc in femur diaphysis in 10% and 15% group rats were higher than those in the control group after feeding madder for 6 months. However, it was shown that the kidney congestion and hyperemia and the level of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine in the 15% group rats were significantly different compared to those in the control group rats after feeding madder for 6 months. The red colored material in bone is related to alizarin analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography. The conclusion could be drawn that feeding 10% madder in diet was not toxic to the rats fed for 6 months, and it could improve bone biomechanical properties and increase bone mineral elements.
Animals ; Anthraquinones ; toxicity ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Density ; Bone and Bones ; drug effects ; physiology ; Calcium ; Femur ; Magnesium ; Rats ; Zinc

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Chinese herbal medicine for supplementing Shen and strengthening the bone on distal femoral trabecular ultrastructure of male rats subjected to simulated weightlessness.

METHODSFifteen male SD rats were randomized equally into 3 groups, including a control group (group A, in which the rats were allowed free movement) and two simulated weightlessness (via tail suspension) groups (group B and C). The rats in group C were treated with the commercially available Chinese herbal preparation, and those in the other two groups received normal saline at the same dose, for a treatment course of 28 days. Observation of trabeculae was performed with scanning electron microscopy.

RESULTSIn group B, the trabeculae of the femur became thinner, fragile, discontinuous with reduced quantity as compared with those in group A. The rats in group C had greater number of the trabeculae than those in group B. Resorption surface decreased and the collagenous fiber were much more regular in group B.

CONCLUSIONThe Chinese herbal medicine may produce beneficial effect on bone microstructure of rats subjected to simulated weightlessness.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Femur ; drug effects ; physiology ; ultrastructure ; Kidney ; drug effects ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Weightlessness Simulation

PURPOSE: Bisphosphonates have been used to treat osteoporosis for more than ten years. However, complications associated with long-term administration of bisphosphonates, such as nonunion after pelvic insufficiency fracture or osteonecrosis of the jaw, have been recently reported in the literature. We investigated the relationships among the mechanical properties of the intact rat femur as well as healing fracture calluses and the intraosseous concentration of pamidronate (ICP), after long-term administration of pamidronate in a rat osteoporosis model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed bilateral ovariectomy in 25 3-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats. Beginning three months after ovariectomy, disodium pamidronate (0.5mg/kg) was injected every month. After the six-month administration period, the left femoral shaft was fractured using the closed fracture technique. Five weeks after fracture, 23 rats were euthanized and both femora were removed. We checked the mechanical properties of the intact (right) and fractured (left) femora using a three-point bending technique. Intraosseous concentration of pamidronate was checked by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: The mean ICP was 61.8+/-15.7ng/mg of bone. High ICP decreased the ultimate load to failure, stiffness, and ultimate stress of the intact femora (p=0.015, 0.027, 0.039, respectively). There was a tendency to decrease the ultimate load to failure in the healing callus when the ICP increased (p= 0.183). High ICP decreased the bone mineral density of the femoral head (p=0.005). CONCLUSION: High concentrations of pamidronate in intact bone decreased the bone mineral density and weakened the mechanical strength of the rat femora. The mechanical strength of the early healing callus was not correlated with concentration of pamidronate in the bone.
Animals ; Bone Density Conservation Agents/*pharmacology ; Diphosphonates/*pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Femur/*drug effects/physiology ; Fracture Healing/physiology ; Osteoporosis/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stress, Mechanical

OBJECTIVETo establish rat models of Steroid-avascular necrosis of femoral head, observe the effects of activating blood circulation of chinese herbal medicine on genetic expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1). To interpret the mechanism of the effect on Steroid-avascular necrosis of femoral head by activating blood circulation,and offer a effective method to clinical.

METHODSCleaner-40 SD rats,half males and half females, weight (200 +/- 20) g, were randomly divided into 2 groups: 4 rats were in common group and 36 rats were in medel group. The rats in medel group were administered with 24.5 mg/kg hydroxyprednisone twice a week peritoneal injection for 6 weeks induced to femur head necrosis. The rats in common group were through gluteus injection as control. There were 4 rats were killed in each group after 6 weeks, to be assure that the model were succed. All surplus rats were divided into treatment group and control group:the treatment group were administrated with activating blood circulation of Chinese herbal medicine 12.3 ml/kg per day,the control group were administrated with sodium chloride 12.3 ml/kg per day. Then, after 6 and 8 weeks, killed the animal and detected all indexes.

RESULTS(1) The expression of TGF-beta by immunohistochemistry and image analysis: the expression of femoral head TGF-beta increased significantly in treatment group than in control group and two group had significant differences. (2) Serum levels of TGF-beta1: in the treatment group serum expression of TGF-beta1 increased,compared with the control group had significant difference (P < 0.01). (3) The femoral head local TGF-beta1 mRNA transcription: treatment group in the first six weeks, expressed that the increase in the first eight weeks, expressed also reduced,and the control group in the first six weeks, expressed a decrease in the first eight weeks,was not detected to TGF-beta1 mRNA expression of difference between the two groups was significant (P < 0.01). TGF-beta1 mRNA in serum and the femoral head with local expression of TGF-beta1, in consistency.

CONCLUSIONRat abdominal cavity prednisolone acetate injection plus intermittent standing avascular necrosis modeling stability, good repeatability. Taohongsiwu through the promotion of hormone-ischemic necrosis of the femoral head rat model of TGF-beta1 mRNA transcription, and promote expression of TGF-beta1.

Animals ; Blood Circulation ; drug effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Femur Head Necrosis ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Glucocorticoids ; pharmacology ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Rats ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; blood ; genetics ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo study the mechanism of Huogu I formula (I) in treating osteonecrosis of femoral head.

METHODSForty-eight healthy female Leghorn chickens were randomly divided into control group, model group and Huogu I group, and each group consisted of 16 chickens. At the meantime of model establishment, chickens of the Huogu I group were administrated with decoction, while the model and control group with distilled water by gavage. At the 8th and 16th week after medication, blood samples were obtained for blood lipid detection while both sides of femoral head were harvested for the rest of examinations. Specifically, expressions of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFβ(1)), Smad4 and Smad7 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, while expression of osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (OPG/RANKL) mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the model group rose significantly. Positive cell counting of BMP2, TGFβ(1), Smad4 and OPG in femoral head of the model group dropped prominently. Positive cell counting of Smad7 and RANKL increased dramatically. In contrast with the model group, levels of TC, TG and LDL-C in Huogu I group reduced significantly. Positive cell counting of BMP2, TGFβ(1), Smad4 and OPG in femoral head of the Huogu I group increased prominently. Indices of Smad7 and RANKL both decreased significantly. Especially at the 8th week, these variations were more significant.

CONCLUSIONHuogu I formula is effective in promoting repair of necrotic femoral head by regulating the expressions of BMP2, TGFβ(1), Smads and OPG/RANKL of osteoclast in femoral head.

Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; metabolism ; Bone Regeneration ; drug effects ; physiology ; Chickens ; Chondrocytes ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Femur Head Necrosis ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism ; physiology ; Osteocytes ; metabolism ; Osteoprotegerin ; genetics ; metabolism ; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B ; genetics ; metabolism ; Smad4 Protein ; metabolism ; Smad7 Protein ; metabolism ; Steroids ; pharmacology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism