The necessity and superiority of the surgical operation on children with floating knee injury and the fracture union and complications were investigated. Twenty-eight children with floating knee injury were subjected to open reduction and internal fixation or external fixator. The patients were followed up for 18 months to 7 years. The curative effectiveness was scored by Karlstrom criteria. The results showed that no nonunion or deformity was found. The affected limb was 1.2 cm to 1.5 cm longer in 2 cases, 0.8 to 1.2 cm shorter in 3 cases than the contralateral. No severe dysfunction of knee joint occurred. The excellent-good rate was 92.8% and the curative rate 71.4% respectively. So for children whose age is older than 5 years, it's a good way to treat the fractures of femur and tibia with open reduction and internal fixation or external fixator. The method can be advantageous for the nursing care, early function recovery, shortening of the hospital stay and avoidance of severe complications.
Femoral Fractures/complications ; Femoral Fractures/*surgery ; Fracture Fixation ; Knee Injuries/classification ; Knee Injuries/etiology ; Knee Injuries/*surgery ; Tibial Fractures/complications ; Tibial Fractures/*surgery ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVESurgical management options for femoral shaft fracture and ipsilateral proximal femur fracture vary from single-implant to double-implant fixation. Cephalomedullary fixation in such fractures has relative advantages over other techniques especially because of less soft tissue dissection and immediate postoperative weight bearing with accelerated rehabilitation. However, the surgery is technically demanding and there is a paucity of literature describing the surgical techniques for this fixation. The aim of the study was to describe the surgical technique of cephalomedullary fixation for femoral shaft fracture and ipsilateral proximal femur fracture.

METHODSSixteen cases (10 males and 6 females with a mean age of 41.8 years) of ipsilateral proximal femur and shaft fractures were treated by single-stage cephalomedullary fixation at tertiary level trauma center in northern India. The fractures were classified according to AO classification. An intraoperative record of duration of surgery as well as technical challenges unique to each fracture pattern was kept for all the patients.

RESULTSThe most common proximal femoral pattern was AO B2.1 observed in 9 of our patients. The AO B2.3 fractures were seen in 4 patients while the AO A1.2 fractures in 3 patients. Four of the AO B2.1 and 2 of the AO B2.3 fractures required open reduction with Watson-Jones approach. The mean operative time was around 78 minutes, which tended to decrease as the surgical experience increased. There was only one case of malreduction, which required revision surgery.

CONCLUSIONCombination of ipsilateral femoral shaft fracture and neck/intertrochanteric fracture is a difficult fracture pattern for trauma surgeons. Cephalomedullary nail is an excellent implant for such fractures but it requires careful insertion to avoid complications. Surgery is technically demanding with a definite learning curve. Nevertheless, a majority of these fractures can be surgically managed by single-implant cephalomedullary fixation by following basic surgical principles that have been summarized in this article.

Adult ; Female ; Femoral Fractures ; complications ; surgery ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; complications ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Hip Fractures ; complications ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

In this abstract we report a case of Albright's syndrome associated with hypophosphatemic rickets and hyperthyroidism in a six-year-old girl. She had suffered from repeated fractures of her long bones owing to multiple locations of radiolucent areas and generalized skeletal demineralization. The biopsy in the lucent area revealed histologic appearance of fibrous dysplasia.
Child ; Female ; Femoral Fractures/etiology ; Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic/*complications ; Human ; Hyperthyroidism/*complications ; Phosphates/*blood ; Rickets/*complications

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficiency of provisional K-wire fixation in intertrochanteric fractures treated with proximal femoral nail (PFN). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty seven patients (by AO/OTA classification, A1 8 cases, A2 19 cases) were treated with PFN with percutaneous reduction and provisional K-wire fixation, and followed a mean 24.5 months. The adequacy of fracture reduction was assessed by Fogagnolo's classification and reestablishment of bone-to-bone contact with the medial anatomy. Functional results were evaluated by postoperative complications, Jensen's method and Harris hip score (HHS). RESULTS: In all cases, the bone-to-bone contact with the medial anatomy was reestablished by percutaneous reduction and examination of Fogagnolo's classification showed a good reduction. The technical complications and error of starting point were not occurred. The mean HHS was 76.5 and means Jensen's grade was 2.1 grades. Complications included excessive sliding in 1 case and early cutting-out of screw in 1 case. CONCLUSION: The provisional K-wire fixation in trochanteric fracture treated with PFN had an advantage in preventing technical complications because it facilitates a nail insertion in ideal position.
Femoral Fractures ; Femur ; Hip ; Hip Fractures ; Humans ; Imidazoles ; Nails ; Nitro Compounds ; Postoperative Complications

Traumatic posterior dislocation of hip associated with ipsilateral displaced femoral neck fracture is a rare injury. Moreover, the management of such patients evokes strong views regarding primary replacement or preserving the femoral head. We presented a case of young adult with such an injury. He was operated upon with reduction of the dislocation and fixation of femoral neck fracture with the help of cancellous screws. Two years later, the fracture had united and the patient was asymptomatic. We further proposed the mechanism of injury for such a fracture and discussed the management in the changing trauma scenario of the developing world.
Adult ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; complications ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Hip Dislocation ; complications ; surgery ; Humans ; Male

The results of treatment of fracture of the femoral shaft with interlocking nailing were evaluated to determine the clinical usefulness. Eighty-two femoral fractures that had been treated by interloking nailing between October 1988 and June 1993 and had been followed for more than one year were included in this study. Fifty-one cases were fresh closed fracture and twenty-four, fresh open fracture. Five cases were delayed union and two were non-union. Closed intramedullary nailing was used in seventy-five cases and open intramedullary nailing in seven cases. The results were as follows; 1.According to Winquist-Hansen classification, 30 cases were type I, 16 type II, 13 type III, 14 type IV, and 9 type V 2. Static and dynamic interlocking nailing were done in 67 and 15 cases respectively. 3. The mean fracture healing period was 17 weeks with a range of 9 to 52 weeks. 4. Intraoperative complications were new fracture near the original fracture site(7 cases), femur neck fracture(l case), pudendal nerve neuropraxia(1 case). Postoperative compliction were delayed union(13 cases), limb shorteniln(4 cases), nonunion(3 cases), infection(3 cases), disal screw brokening(3 cases), nail breakage(l case), proximal screw brodening(1 case) and 12 valgus angulation(l case).
Classification ; Extremities ; Femoral Fractures ; Femur Neck ; Femur ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Fracture Healing ; Fractures, Closed ; Fractures, Open ; Intraoperative Complications ; Pudendal Nerve

Femoral head and ipsilateral femoral neck fractures are serious and complicated injuries, which usually yield unsatisfactory results using conventional hip-preserving surgery. The key point of the management and prognosis mainly lies in femoral neck fractures. An apparent and consecutive relationship exists between femoral neck fractures and femoral head fracture-hip dislocation in such injuries. It is believed that disastrous triad of femoral head (DTFH) could summarize these specific injuries, and reflect the injury mechanism and prognostic characteristics. Based on our clinical observation and literature review, DTFH could be divided into three subgroups:TypeⅠ, common DTFH, in which femoral neck fractures occur following femoral head fractures-hip dislocation due to the same trauma; TypeⅡ, iatrogenic DTFH, in which femoral neck fractures come out in the caring process of femoral head fractures-hip dislocation; Type Ⅲ, stressed DTFH, in which femoral neck fractures occur after the management of femoral head fractures-hip dislocation. In the scenario, the line of femoral neck fractures locates distally to the femoral head fractures. Herein, we will discuss clinical characteristics of these types of DTFH.
Humans ; Femoral Fractures/complications* ; Femoral Neck Fractures/complications* ; Femur Head/injuries* ; Fracture Dislocation ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods* ; Hip Dislocation/surgery* ; Prognosis

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze efficacy of single structure internal fixation and double structure internal fixation in the treatment of ipsilateral femoral shaft and neck fracture, and analyze their indications. METHODS: From June 2015 to December 2020, 21 patients with ipsilateral femoral shaft and femoral neck fracture were treated, including 14 males and 7 females, aged 23 to 69 years old with an average of(38.1±12.9) years old. According to different femoral shaft fracture sites, some patients were fixed with cephalomedullary implant for both femoral neck and the femoral shaft(single structure, InterTan or PFNA Ⅱ), some patients were fixed with cannulated screws for the femoral neck and a retrograde locking nail for the femoral shaft (dual structure), and postoperative function and complications were recorded during follow-up. In 10 cases of single-structure fixation, the femoral necks were all basicervical fractures, and the femoral shaft fractures were located in the proximal isthmus;11 cases were double-structure fixation, 9 cases in 11 were basal type of femoral neck, 2 cases in 11 were neck type, and the femoral shaft fractures were located in the isthmus and the distal isthmus. RESULTS: All patients were followed up for 12 to 27 months. No femoral head necrosis, deformity, delay or nonunion occurred in the patients with single-structure fixation, and no delayed union or nonunion occurred in femoral shaft fractures;At the final follow-up, Harris score of patients with single-structure fixation was 91.8±4.1, with 8 cases were excellent and 2 cases were good. The fractures of patients with dual-structure fixation achieved good union without femoral head necrosis, except 1 case of femoral shaft fracture had delayed union;At the final follow-up, Harris score of patients with dual-structure fixation was 92.4±5.9, 7 cases were excellent, 3 cases were good, and 1 case was fair. CONCLUSION Good reduction and fixation is the key to the treatment of such fractures. Both the single-structure fixation and the dual-structure fixation are good methods, and it should be selected according to the locations of femoral shaft and femoral neck fractures. Single-structure fixation is a good choice for femoral shaft fractures located at the proximal isthmus and basal femoral neck fractures. For isthmus and distal femoral shaft fractures combined with ipsilateral femoral neck fractures, dual-structure fixation is recommended.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Femur Neck ; Retrospective Studies ; Femoral Neck Fractures/complications* ; Femoral Fractures/complications* ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods* ; Femoral Fractures, Distal ; Treatment Outcome ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary/methods*

PURPOSE: To analyze the surgical results of AO type C distal femoral fractures using locking compression plate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From February 2006 to June 2008, 14 patients 15 cases were included. Injury mechanisms, combined injuries, radiologic and clinical results and postoperative complications were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean age was 59.6 (30~77) years. The mean follow up period was 25 (12~40) months. AO types were 3 of C1, 5 of C2 and 7 of C3. Injury mechanisms were 9 of traffic accident, 5 of slip down and 1 of fall from a height. Four cases were combined with other extremity injuries or fractures. The mean radiologic union was obtained at postoperative 15 (13~20) weeks. The mean Neer's functional score was 74.2 (58~97); 3 of excellent, 5 of satisfactory and 7 of unsatisfactory. Postoperative complications were 2 of infection and 1 of nonunion. There were no mechanical failures or fixation loss with locking compression plate at the final follow up. CONCLUSION: Internal fixation using locking compression plate for AO type C distal femoral fractures provided excellent fixations. At the final follow up, the clinical results were variable. The affecting factors on the final results seemed to be joint congruencies after anatomical reduction and active rehabilitation.
Accidents, Traffic ; Extremities ; Femoral Fractures ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Joints ; Postoperative Complications

PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of Cable plate fixation for the treatment of periprosthetic femoral fracture after hip arthroplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 10 cases of periprosthetic femoral fractures after hip arthroplasty between Nov. 2002 and May 2004. The mean follow up periods were 20 months. The fractures were classified according to Vancouver classification. Seven cases of type B1, one case of type B3 and two cases of type C were treated with open reduction and internal fixation with Cable plate. Evaluation of results was based on mean union time, postoperative complications and Harris hip score. RESULTS: The mean time for bony union was 4.8 months in type B1, 6 months in type B3 and 8 months in type C fracture. As for complications, there were refracture, metal breakage and nonunion. The postoperative mean Harris hip score was 91.5 points for type B1, 85 points for type B3 and 72.5 points for type C fracure. CONCLUSION: Cable plate can be useful for treatment of periprosthetic femoral fractures after hip arthroplasty, but the selection of treatment methods should be cautiously made according to the type of fracture and status of patients.
Arthroplasty ; Classification ; Femoral Fractures* ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip ; Humans ; Postoperative Complications