BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent condition affecting women of reproductive age, characterized by metabolic, endocrine, and reproductive disturbances including insulin resistance, abnormal uterine bleeding, infertility, and hyperandrogenism, and is associated with diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The etiology of PCOS is unclear and exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) present in everyday products may play a role by disrupting hormonal pathways. OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between exposure to EDC-containing products, sociodemographic factors, and PCOS diagnosis among nonpregnant reproductive-aged women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A survey assessed the frequency of EDC exposure in homes and workplaces. The Rotterdam Criteria were used for the diagnosis of PCO features with clinical history and ultrasound. The association between PCOS and EDC exposure was determined using Chi-square and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The study identified significant sociodemographic factors associated with PCOS (P < 0.001) including age, civil status, and household income. Increased likelihood of PCOS was linked to frequent use of scented candles (odds ratio [OR] = 2.07), cleaning sprays (OR = 2.28), and floor polish (OR = 2.07), exposure to new upholstered furniture (OR = 4.00), thermal receipts (OR = 2.16), and consumption of microwaved and processed foods (OR = 2.60), as well as water sourced from wells (OR = 7.69). Additional associations were found with access to public markets (OR = 0.26) and the use of paper food wrappers (OR = 1.72). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that frequent exposure to EDC-containing products and certain sociodemographic factors may contribute to the development of PCOS among women of reproductive age. Results underscore the importance of reducing exposure to EDCs to prevent or mitigate the development of PCOS and other reproductive consequences.
Female

This paper will focus only on the recommendations or guidelines on the evaluation for female infertility. Most of the recommendations were based on the Fertility Assessment and Treatment for People with Fertility Problems Guideline by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence.
Human ; Female ; INFERTILITY, FEMALE

No abstract available.
Female ; Female* ; Genitalia, Female* ; Humans ; Incidence*

Primary leiomyosarcoma is a rare tumor of the ovary. We experienced a case of primary ovarian leiomyosarcoma in a 68 year old woman. Microscopically, the tumor was characterized by interlacing bundles of plump spindle cells that showed immunoreactivity for alpha-smooth muscle actin, pleomorphic multinucleated giant cells and an increased mitotic rate. Ultrastructural features included abundant smooth muscle type filaments and irregular bodies. Consequently, this case has led us to propose ultrastructural and immunohistochemical criteria for primary ovarian leiomyosarcoma.
Female ; Humans

Localized enterocolic lymphocytic phlebitis is characterized by selective phlebitis involving the small to medium-sized veins and venules, infiltration exclusively by lymphocytes, and no other systemic vasculitis or inflammatory bowel disease. This vasculitis can be a rare cause of intestinal ischemia. We experienced a case of enterocolic lymphocytic phlebitis in a 72-year-old woman, who presented with abdominal pain and distension. The resected colon and terminal ileum showed striking lymphocytic phlebitis affecting the veins and venules of the bowel and mesentery which resulted in ischemic injury of the bowel. This vasculopathy was the only demonstrable cause of ischemia. Arteritis and arteriolitis was not found. There is no clinical or laboratory evidence or a history of extraintestinal vasculitis. The etiology of this clinicopathological entity has not been elucidated. Herein, we report the clinicopathological findings in this patient who presented with ischemic intestinal necrosis caused by localized intestinal lymphocytic phlebitis associated with thrombosis.
Female ; Humans

Nineteen cases of leiomyoma of the skin were examined clinicopathologically. This group included 12 cases of angioleiomyoma, 5 cases of solitary piloleiomyoma, and 2 cases of multiple piloleiomyomas. 1) All twelve angioleiomyomas occured as solitary lesion in the extremities. There was a preponderance in females with a ratio of 2:1. The ages of patients ranged from 24 to 80 years and only one was below the age of 30 years. Six tumors were either painful or tender. Nine tumors in subcutaneous fat were shelled out at surgery. All tumors did not exceed 4cm in diameter. Histologically they could be separated into ten cases of the solid type and two cases of venous type according to Morimoto's classification. Although actin or desmin was easily detected in all tumors, the diagnosis was better made using a combination of hematoxylin-eosin and Masson trichrome stains. 2) Five cases of solitary piloleiomyoma were slow-growing intradermal nodules. The ages of patients ranged from 10 to 77 years. All five cases were female. The lesions were located on the extremities, back and sholuder. Pain or tenderness was present in 3 cases among these tumors. Histologically, all tumors were characterized by subtle poorly circumscribed proliferation of benign smooth muscle in the dermis. 3) Two multiple piloleiomyomas from two female patients, aged 50 and 40 years, were situated on the shoulder and thigh, respectively. Pain was induced by change of temperature in the shoulder lesion. Histologically they were identical to the solitary piloleiomyoma.
Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Dysmenorrhea* ; Female

The pathologic features of acute corrosive esophago-gastritis by ingestion of "Trapunc", a common commercial drain cleansing liquid, is presented. A 37-year-old woman ingested abut 30 ml of Trapunc (3 gm NaOH/100 ml) to commit suicide and received piecemeal esophagectomy and total gastrectomy 9 days after the episode. The esophagus and stomach were extremely friable and necrotic. The most part of the stomach showed acute toxic necrotizing gastritis which was manifested by extensive greenish brown discoloration due to liquefaction necrosis of the mucosa except for a few rugae along the greater curvature. The antrum and distal body revealed severe mucosal detachment and even transmural necrosis. The tissue reaction was basically the same as those of NaOH-induced corrosive esophago-gastritis of acute stage, although it appeared to be severer probably due to sodium hypochlorite, and additive constituent of the ingested cleanser. A unique distribution pattenr of mucosal involvement is discussed.
Female ; Humans

The sex cord tumor with annular tubules is a rare ovarian neoplasm the predominant component of which has morphologic features intermediate between those of the granulosa cell tumor and those of the Sertoli cell tumor; focal differentiation into either granulosa cell or Sertoli cell tumor may occur. It is microscopically characterized by the formation of simple and complex annular tubules with hyaline bodies and it occurs often in patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Recently author experienced a case of ovarian sex cord tumor with annular tubules in a 49 year old female without Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Clinical data and histopathological findings of the case were discussed and a brief review of the literature on this entity, especially the relationship to Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and the pathological differences between the tumor associated with and without Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.
Female ; Humans

Colonization of mammary cancers by melanocytes with heavy pigmentation of cancer cells by melanin can occur very rarely. It is not certain which mechanism operates to achieve this transfer. However, the melanocytes might inject melanin through their dendritic processes or alternatively, the cancer cells phagocytose the terminal parts of the dendritic processes with subsequent dispersal of the contained melanin contained melanin granules. We report a case of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast with melanocyte colonization and pigmentation in a 59-year old female.
Female ; Humans