Objective To investigate acute cell damage and delayed inhibition effects by pulsed electric fields(PEFs)with different frequencies on human ovarian carcinoma cell line SKOV3 in vitro and in subcutaneous transplanted tumor of human SKOV3 in BALB/c nude mice,and evaluate the potential use of relatively higher frequency PEFs to reduce unpleasant sensations without decreasing therapeutic effects in clinical electrochemotherapy.Methods Firstly,SKOV3 cell suspension were exposed to PEFs with gradient increasing frequencies(1,60,1 000,5 000 Hz)and voltages(50,100,150,200,250,300,350,400 V),respectively.MTT assay was used to determine the acute cell damage.Then PEFs with gradient increasing frequencies(1,60,1 000,5 000 Hz)and fixed voltage (250 V)were applied to the subcutaneously transplanted tumor,in vivo antitumor assay was used to observe the delayed inhibition effect;histological changes were observed by light and electron microscope. Results The 1 Hz PEFs has similar cytotoxic effects with 5 kHz,and no significant difference of delayed tumor inhibition effect on subcutaneous transplanted tumor among all groups exposed to different frequencies of PEFs(P＞0.05).Histological observation showed acute damage in all exposed groups.and only in 5 kHz group was induced apoptotic effect observed.Conclusions PEFs with relatively higher frequency can achieve similar tumor killing effect with the low frequency PEFs,and it can also induce apoptosis.Relatively higher frequency PEFs show therapeutic potentials for reducing unpleasant sensations in clinical electrical treatment of tumor.

Objective To investigate the best time of mini-traumatic operation to treat hypertensive intracerebral haemorrhage in internal capsule. Methods Sixty-four patients were divided into treatment group and control group according to operative time. Patients who were treated with mini-traumatic operation within 6 hours were as treatment group, those treated with mini-traumatic operation beyond 6 hours were as control group. Results Twelve of 40 patients in treatment group were cured, 16 became better, 5 had no effect, 7 were dead, and the effective rate was 70.00%. Five of 24 patients in control group were cured, 6 became better, 5 had no effect, 8 were dead, and the effective rate was 45.83%. Conclusion The effect of mini-traumatic operation to treat hypertensive intracerebral haemorrhage in internal capsule within 6 hours is clearly better than that beyond 6 hours.

Resident doctors participating in clinical teaching is a disputable topic.We analyze the current situation and difficulties in clinical teaching and propose the concept of RATS(residents as teachers) program in china aiming to strengthen the training of clinical teaching skills in residents and improving culture quality of resident doctors.And we also suggest the establishment of "clinical teaching data warehouses for resident doctors"to keep pace with requirements of our resident training program in new times.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical value of human serum Kallikrein 6 for the diagnosis and monitor of pithelial ovarian cancer. Methods Serum levels of KLK6 were analyzed with ELISA in 30 cases of epithelial ovarian carcinoma, 20 cases of benign ovarian tumor and 30 cases of healthy women. In the meantime, serum CAi25 was determined with chemiluminescence. Furthermore, serum levels of KLK6 and CA125 were also detected in 12 case of epithelial ovarian carcinoma with the same methods one week and the 3rd month postoperation of follow-up. Results Serum levels of KLK6 in epithelial ovarian carcinoma was higher than that in benign ovarian tumor and healthy women (P < 0.05). KLK6 also showed positive correlation with clinical stage, cytological grade, pelvic lymph node metastasis, recurrent or dead disease (P < 0. 05). On the contrary, KLK6 showed no significant correlation with pathological types (P >0. 05). After surgery of follow-up, KLK6 and CA125 were significantly decreased in 12 case of epithelial ovarian carcinoma (P < 0. 05). Furthermore, the total sensitivity and specificity of KLK6 in the diagnosis of epithelial ovarian carcinoma was 73.3% and 85.0% respectively, followed by the sensitivity to be 50. 0% and 88. 9% for the diagnosis of stage Ⅰ-Ⅱand Ⅲ-Ⅳ disease. Conclusion Our resuits showed KLK6 may be one of the reliable indexes for the diagnosis and monitor of ovarian cancer.

Objective To investigate the reasons of upgrade pathologic diagnosis after cervical operation of LEEP and the principal of treatment.Methods 101 cases of clinical data with upgrade pathological diagnosis after LEEP in our hospital during september 2005 to May 2008 were analyzed retrospectively.Results 13 cases were diagnosed as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN)Ⅰ-Ⅲ while they were considered as chronic cervicitis pre-operation.60 cases of upgrade CIN and 10 cases of in-situ cervical cancer and 10 cases of early infiltration cervical cancer and 8 cases of infiltration cervical cancer were diagnosed while they were considers as CIN Ⅰ-Ⅲ before LEEP.Among the 101 cases.34 cases were re-treated.10 cases diagnosis were the same pathological diagnosis as before,14 cases diagnosis were downgrade and 10 cases were negative.There was no upgrade pathologic diagnosis.The cutting edges were negative.And lymphatic metastasis took place in 2 cases with infiltrating cervical cancer.Conclusion The malignant ratio of patients with upgrade pathology was high.We should pay attention to the patients with upgrade pathological diagnosis after LEEP.The possible treatment should be given to them according to their age,demands of breeding,chnieal stages and types of pathologic stages.

As a collective noun of incense and medicine, fragrant medicine has long been integrated into Chinese culture. It is not only a symbol of the cultural exchange between China and foreign countries in the middle ancient times, but also plays a very important role in medicine and other fields. Among them, Borneol can not only be used for medicinal purposes, but also for incense and fumigation, as well as food, tea, wine and other applications. This paper intends to sort out the medicinal properties, effects and other applications of Borneol recorded in ancient books of traditional Chinese herbs in the past dynasties, focusing on summarizing its medicinal properties, meridians, effects, compatibility and application characteristics. In addition, modern pharmacological action was included as a supplement, in order to provide reference for the clinical use of Borneol in medicinal aspects.

AIM: To investigate the role and possible mechanism of gastrodin combined with dexamethasone in myocardial cell injury induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation. METHODS: Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model was established. The cells were divided into 5 groups: normal control group, OGD group, DEX group, GAS group and DEX+GAS group. The activity of myocardial cells was detected by CCK-8 test in each group. The activity of LDH was detected by colorimetry in each group. The apoptosis of myocardial cells was detected by TUNEL method in each group. The ELISA assay was used to detect the inflammatory factors in culture medium of myocardial cells in each group. Western blot was used to detect the expression of Notch1, Bax, Bcl-2 and Beclin1 in myocardial cells in each group.RESULTS: The results showed that GAS combined with DEX could significantly increase the activity of myocardial cells and decrease the apoptosis, reduce production of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and promote production of IL-10, decrease the release of LDH significantly of myocardial cells induced by OGD. The results of Western blot showed that GAS combined with DEX increased the expression of Notch1, Bcl-2 and autophagy-related gene Beclin1, but decreased the expression of Bax of myocardial cells induced by OGD. CONCLUSION: The combination of GAS and DEX may promote autophagy and increase cell activity, inhibit apoptosis and inflammatory reaction by activating Notch signaling pathway, thereby reducing OGD-induced myocardial cells damage.

Objective To establish the methods of galvanic vestibular stimulation-vestibular evoked myogenic potentials(GVS-VEMPs)in healthy children and to obtain the normal value of GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP in these children in China.Methods Twenty(3～14 years)healthy children and 24 healthy adults(18～30 years)were enrolled for conventional examinations of GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP.Using the galvanic stimulation in-tensity under 3 mA/1 ms for children and 5 mA/1 ms for adults.The characteristics of elicitation and parameter re-sults of GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP in children and adults,as well as the pain scores and the elicitation of differ-ent stimulus intensities in the two age groups were recorded.Results The elicitation of GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP were both 100.0％in children and adult groups.The p1 latency,n1 latency and p1-n1 interval latency of GVS-cVEMP were 10.46±1.84 ms,16.98±2.12 ms and 6.52±1.42 ms respectively in children group,the n1 la-tency and p1-n1 interval latency were significantly shorter than the adult group(P＜0.05).The n1 latency,p1 la-tency and p1-n1 interval latency of GVS-oVEMP were 8.87±1.40 ms,12.25±1.80 ms and 3.39±1.07 ms re-spectively in children group with no significant difference between the two groups.The thresholds of GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP in children group were significantly lower than adult group(P＜0.01),but no differences were found in adult group regarding on the amplitude and interaural amplitude asymmetry ratio.In addition,with the in-crease of the intensity of galvanic stimulation,the correlation between pain scores and the elicitation rates of GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP also increased.Conclusion Using appropriate stimulus intensity and recording methods,GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP could be successfully assessed and detected in healthy children over 3 years old and adolescents.The latency of GVS-cVEMP in children is slightly shorter than that in adults,therefore we recommend selecting the matched age group for assessment in the children group.

Brewer's yeast is crucial in beer fermentation, mainly beer flavor diversity and stability. Beer flavor stability is one of the most influential beer quality aspects, and screening or breeding brewer's yeast with enhanced anti-staling capacity will be an effective solution. In recent decades, with the progress of genetic engineering and detailed description of brewer's yeast genome, great efforts have been made to improve brewer's yeast. This review highlights recent advances in classical and genetic engineering improvement of yeasts to produce more antioxidant compounds or less beer aging substances and precursors. Therein, improvement targets, evaluation methods and development strategies of anti-staling brewer's yeast are also discussed. Furthermore, hotspot and future trend of anti-staling yeast strain development are also proposed.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical efficacy of compound Wufengcao liquid （CWL） on tuberculous ulcer and the influence on macrophage polarization. Method① Clinical experiment： A total of 145 patients with tuberculous ulcer who were treated in Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital were randomized into observation group， control group Ⅰ， and control group Ⅱ according to the random number table method. In addition to the basic anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy， CWL， Kangfuxin liquid， and isoniazid solution （local external application） were respectively used in the observation group， control group Ⅰ， and control group Ⅱ. The treatment lasted 4 weeks for each group. The total effective rate in wound healing， traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） syndrome score， and histopathological morphology of wound were observed and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） and arginase-1 （Arg-1） in wound tissue was measured. ② Cell experiment： RAW264.7 cells were cultured in DMEM （10% fetal bovine serum， 1% double-antibody solution） in a cell incubator （37 °C， 5% CO₂）. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate （PMA） was used to induce the differentiation of RAW264.7 cells into macrophages. Lipopolysaccharide （LPS） was employed to stimulate polarization of macrophages into M1 type and interleukin-4 （IL-4） to induce the polarization into M2 type. Kangfuxin solution， isoniazid solution， and CWL were respectively applied to the above cell model for 36 h. The cell supernatant was collected and centrifuged. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）， iNOS， and Arg-1， and flow cytometry （FCM） to detect the expression of CD86 and CD206. Result①Clinical experiment： The total effective rate in the CWL group ［98.0% （48/49）］ was higher than that in the control group Ⅰ ［87.5% （42/48）， χ²=3.962， P<0.05］ and control group Ⅱ ［83.3% （40/48）， χ²=6.162， P<0.05］. After 28 days of treatment， compared with control group Ⅰ and control group Ⅱ， CWL decreased the TCM syndrome score （P<0.05） and obviously improved the histopathological morphology of the wound. Immunohistochemistry results showed that the iNOS expression in local focus tissue was lower （P<0.05） and the expression of Arg-1 was higher （P<0.05， P<0.01） in the CWL group than in the control group Ⅰ and control group Ⅱ after 28 days of treatment. ② Cell experiment： Western blot assay showed that the expression of iNOS and TNF-α in LPS group increased compared with that in the M0 group （P<0.01） and the expression in the LPS+ isoniazid group， LPS+ Kangfuxin group， and LPS+CWL group was lower than that in the LPS group （P<0.05）. The expression of iNOS in LPS+Kangfuxin group and LPS+ CWL group was lower than that in the LPS+isoniazid group （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the expression of TNF-α in LPS+ CWL group was lower than that in LPS+isoniazid group （P<0.01）. The expression of TNF-α in LPS+ CWL group decreased compared with that in the LPS+ Kangfuxin group （P<0.05）. The expression of Arg-1 and TGF-β in IL-4 group was higher than that in the M0 group （P<0.01）， and the expression in the IL-4+isoniazid group， IL-4+Kangfuxin group， and IL-4+ CWL group was higher than that in the IL-4 group （P<0.05）. The expression of Arg-1 and TGF-β in the IL-4+ Kangfuxin group and IL-4+CWL group was higher than that in the IL-4+isoniazid group （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the expression was higher in the IL-4+CWL group than in the IL-4+Kangfuxin group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The FCM result showed that the expression of CD86 and CD206 in LPS group and IL-4 group was higher than that in M0 group （P<0.01）. CD86 expression in LPS+isoniazid group， LPS+ Kangfuxin group， and LPS+CWL group was lower than that in the LPS group （P<0.01）. The expression of CD86 in LPS+Kangfuxin group and LPS+ CWL group increased compared with that in the LPS+isoniazid group （P<0.01）， and the expression was higher in the LPS+ CWL group than in the LPS+Kangfuxin group （P<0.01）. CD206 expression in IL-4+ isoniazid group， IL-4+Kangfuxin liquor group， and IL-4+ CWL group was increased compared with that in the IL-4 group （P<0.01）. CD206 expression in IL-4+Kangfuxin liquid group and IL-4+ CWL group was decreased compared with that in the IL-4+isoniazid group （P<0.01）. CD206 expression in IL-4+CWL group was lower than that in the IL-4+ Kangfuxin group （P<0.05）. ConclusionCWL can promote the healing of tuberculous ulcers， and the mechanism is that it inhibits the expression of iNOS， TNF-α， and CD86 and promotes the expression of Arg-1， TGF-β， and CD206， thereby regulating M1/M2 polarization balance.