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Objective:To observe the protective effect of Panax notoginseng total saponins(PNS)on oxidative stress damage induced by hydrogen peroxide(H 2O 2)in human renal tubular epithelial cells(HK-2)and its mechanism. Methods:HK-2 was cultured and divided into experimental groups: Normal group(without any intervention factors), H 2O 2 group(400 μmol/L H 2O 2 was added into the cell culture system for 6 h)and PNS group(which was divided into three groups: PNS 25 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml were added into the cell culture system for 4 h, and then 400 μmol/l H 2O 2 was added into the cell culture system for 6 h), and the apoptosis of HK-2 induced by H 2O 2 was observed. Results:Compared with the normal group, the cell survival rate of H 2O 2 group decreased to(45.67±2.52)% and the cell apoptosis rate increased to(19.23±1.63)%(all P<0.01), while the cell survival rate of PNS group was(55.12±2.33)%, (65.37±4.72)% and(83.46±1.52)%, and the apoptosis rate was reduced to(15.53±0.70)%, (12.53±1.30)% and(7.17±0.35)%, respectively.The levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in HK-2 cells in 50 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml PNS groups were(845.7±17.79)and(353.3±26.1), respectively.With the increase of PNS dose, super oxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activities increased and malonic dialdehyde(MDA)production decreased in the 3 PNS groups, compared with the H 2O 2 group, the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.01). Conclusions:PNS can protect HK-2 cells against oxidative damage by enhancing the activity of intracellular antioxidant enzymes, the effect is enhanced with the increase of the dose.

Objective:To investigate the expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)and P53 and their relationship with microsatellite instability(MSI)in gastric cancer tissues.Methods:A total of 103 patients diagnosed with gastric cancer between January 2018 and October 2020 at Yueyang Hospital were enrolled in this study.HER2, P53 and mismatch repair proteins in gastric cancer tissues were detected with immunohistochemical(IHC)methods, and MSI screening was conducted at 7 sites with a new Idylla MSI(multiple fluorescent PCR)method.Results:Of 103 gastric cancer patients in this study, 77(74.8%)showed microsatellite stability(MSS)and 26(25.2%)showed MIS via IHC, and PCR also detected 77 MSS cases and 26 MSI cases.In MSI, there was more low HER2 expression than high HER2 expression, and the rate of low HER2 expression in MSI was higher than the rate of high HER2 expression in MSI( P<0.05).Also in MSI, there was more low P53 expression than high P53 expression, and the rate of low P53 expression in MSI was higher than the rate of high expression in MSI( P<0.05). Conclusions:MSS may exist in the process of gastric carcinogenesis and in gastric cancer it may be accompanied by low expression of HER2 and p53 in cancer tissues.There may be a mutually exclusive relationship between MSI and expressions of HER2 and p53, suggesting that carcinogenic mechanisms involving MSI may be very different from those involving HER2 and p53.MSI detection is very valuable in guiding treatment drug selection and prognosis assessment.

Objective:To establish an in vitro capsular bag model and compare the inhibitory effects of different 360° square-edge intraocular lens (IOL) on lens epithelial cells (LECs) migration. Methods:In vitro capsular bag model with posterior capsule opacification (PCO) was established using Transwell compartment, cell climbing slices, human collagen type Ⅳ, and IOL.The models were divided into Plate-loop HydroSmart group, C-loop HydroSmart group, and C-compensation-loop Hydrophobic group according to the different square-edge IOL implanted.A blank control group was set using the Transwell compartment without IOL.The early PCO pathological manifestations in lens epithelial cell line SRA01/04 cultured in the Transwell compartment were observed with an inverted microscope.The cell morphology in different groups was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining.The cell counting and cell migration inhibition rate of anterior capsule and posterior capsule were calculated by Transwell assay and cell-exclusion zone assay, respectively. Results:The early pathological characteristics of PCO, such as early Soemmering ring and small Elschnig pearl, could be found in cells in the in vitro capsular bag model after 48-hour culture.The migrating cells in model groups were fibrous.No changes mentioned above were found in blank control group.The number of migrating cells in the anterior capsule of Plate-loop HydroSmart group, C-loop HydroSmart group, C-compensation-loop Hydrophobic group was 18.80±5.53, 24.67±9.80, and 34.47±10.80, respectively, and the number of migrating cells in the optical area of the posterior capsule of the three groups was 56.43±9.00, 162.20±16.38, and 121.30±12.01, respectively.The cell migration inhibition rate in the anterior capsule of Plate-loop HydroSmart group, C-loop HydroSmart group, C-compensation-loop Hydrophobic group was (92.02±1.94)%, (89.76±3.10)%, (86.27±4.54)%, respectively, and the cell migration inhibition rate in optical area of the posterior capsule of the three groups was (91.60±3.65)%, (70.14±5.35)%, (78.43±3.48)%, respectively.The number of migrating cells in the anterior capsule was lower and the cell migration rate inhibition was higher in Plate-loop HydroSmart group than C-compensation-loop Hydrophobic group, with significant differences (both at P<0.05). The number of migrating cells in the optical area of the posterior capsule and the cell migration inhibition rate was greater than those of C-loop HydroSmart group and C-compensation-loop Hydrophobic group, showing statistically significant differences (all at P<0.001). Conclusions:The in vitro capsular bag model can be used in PCO research.Compared with C-loop HydroSmart IOL and C-compensation-loop Hydrophobic IOL, Plate-loop HydroSmart IOL can more effectively inhibit the migration of LECs to the optical area of the posterior capsule.

Whether and how garlic-derived -allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC) inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is largely unknown. In the current study, the role of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)-related protein 6 (LRP6) in HCC progression and the anti-HCC mechanism of SAMC was examined in clinical sample, cell model and xenograft/orthotopic mouse models. We demonstrated that SAMC inhibited cell proliferation and tumorigenesis, while induced apoptosis of human HCC cells without influencing normal hepatocytes. SAMC directly interacted with Wnt-pathway co-receptor LRP6 on the cell membrane. LRP6 was frequently over-expressed in the tumor tissue of human HCC patients (66.7% of 48 patients) and its over-expression only correlated with the over-expression of -catenin, but not with age, gender, tumor size, stage and metastasis. Deficiency or over-expression of LRP6 in hepatoma cells could partly mimic or counteract the anti-tumor properties of SAMC, respectively. administration of SAMC significantly suppressed the growth of Huh-7 xenograft/orthotopic HCC tumor without causing undesirable side effects. In addition, stable down-regulation of LRP6 in Huh-7 facilitated the anti-HCC effects of SAMC. In conclusion, LRP6 can be a potential therapeutic target of HCC. SAMC is a promising specific anti-tumor agent for treating HCC subtypes with Wnt activation at the hepatoma cell surface.