Objective To evaluate the effect of hydrogen on mitochondrial fusion during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in aged rats.Methods One hundred and fifty pathogen-free healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 18 months old,weighing 400-500 g,were divided into 5 groups (n=30 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),sham operation group (group S),group I/R,normal saline group (group NS) and hydrogen-rich saline group (group H).Group C received no treatment.The anterior descending branch was only exposed but not ligated in group S.Myocardial I/R was induced by occlusion of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery for 30 rmin followed by reperfusion in I/R,NS and H groups.Hydrogen-rich saline 1 ml/100 g was injected intraperitoneally at 5 min before reperfusion in group H,while normal saline 1 ml/100 g was injected intraperitoneally at 5 min before reperfusion in group NS.The rats were sacrificed at 12 and 24 h of reperfusion,and hearts were removed for examination of the pathological changes and for determination of apoptosis in cardiomyocytes (by TUNEL) and expression of Mfn1 and Mfn2 protein and mRNA in myocardial tissues (by Western blot or real-time polymerase chain reaction).The apoptosis index was calculated.Results Compared with C and S groups,the apoptosis index of cardiomyocytes was significantly increased and the expression of Mfn1 and Mfn2 protein and mRNA in myocardial tissues was down-regulated at 12 and 24 h of reperfusion in I/R,NS and H groups (P＜0.05).Compared with NS and I/R groups,the apoptosis index of cardiomyocytes was significantly decreased and the expression of Mfn1 and Mfn2 protein and mRNA in myocardial tissues was up-regulated at 12 and 24 h of reperfusion in group H (P＜0.05).The pathological changes of myocardial tissues were significantly attenuated in group H when compared with group I/R.Conclusion The mechanism by which hydrogen attenuates myocardial I/R injury is related to promoting mitochondrial fusion and inhibiting apoptosis in cardiomyocytes of aged rats.

Objective:To establish the preoperative three dimensional (3D) model of liver cancer,and to precisely match the preoperative planning with the target organs during the operation.Methods:The 3D model reconstruction based on magnetic resonance data,which was combined with virtual reality technology via HoloLens glasses,was applied in the operation of liver cancer to achieve preoperative 3D modeling and surgical planning,and to directly match it with the operative target organs during operation.Results:The 3D model reconstruction of liver cancer based on magnetic resonance data was completed.The exact match with the target organ was performed during the operation via HoloLens glasses leaded by the 3D model.Conclusion:Magnetic resonance data can be used for the 3D model reconstruction to improve preoperative assessment and accurate match during the operation.

Objective To evaluate the constancy of CT numbers of SIEMENS Sensation Open CT-simulator by analyzing the CT numbers of seven materials obtained from quality assurance(QA)tests. Methods QA tests for SIEMENS Sensation Open CT-simulator were performed with the Catphan504 phantom monthly. The CT images were obtained using three scan protocols(HeadSeq,RT_Head,and RT_Abdomen)for the CTP404 module in the phantom. The DoseLab software was used to analyze the 72 CT images acquired from January 2014 to December 2015,and the CT numbers(Y)of seven materials were obtained. Statistical analysis was performed on the Y data. The mean,standard deviation,maximum, minimum,and range values of Y for seven materials were calculated in three scan protocols. Results The standard deviation values of air,polymethylpentene,low-density polyethylene,polystyrene,acrylic acid, polyoxymethylene resin(Delrin),and polytetrafluoroethylene(Teflon)were as follows:(1)HeadSeq:0.54, 0.60,0.82,0.58,0.75,0.66,and 1.83 HU;(2)RT_Head:0.08,0.69,0.86,0.66,0.80,0.89,and 2.49 HU;(3)RT_Abdomen:0.11,0.61,0.76,0.72,0.78,0.96,and 2.56 HU.According to the statistical data, the constancy of CT numbers of the SIEMENS Sensation Open CT-simulator was in good condition in two years. Conclusions The variation of CT numbers of Teflon is the biggest among the seven materials. The relative values of CT numbers between different scan protocols vary with the relative electron density of materials.

Objective: To investigate the clinical value of independently-designed three-demensional printed navigation templates for hepatectomy in hepatic surgical oncology. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 45 patients (including 36 males and 9 females, aged from 40 to 70 years) with hepatocelluar carcinoma treated by hepatoctomy from Department of Hepatobiliary and Intestinal Surgery of Hunan Cancer Hospital from June 2016 to June 2018. These patients were divided into observation group (patients conducted with the 3D navigation-template-aided operation, n=25) and control group (patients conducted with regular operation, n=20) according to operation approach. Virtual liver resection volume and actual liver resection volume were calculated in the observation group, and the correlationship between the volume of virtual liver resection and actual liver resection was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative intrahepatic duct injury and postoperative hospital stay were compared between the two groups. Results: In the observation group, 3D modeling was successfully completed and intrahepatic and extrahepatic duct reconstruction was successful, surgical simulation. There were no statistically significant difference between the virtual and actual resected liver volume in the observation group (P>0.05). The virtual resected liver volume was positively correlated with the actual resected liver volume (r=0.991, P<0.05). Volume of intraoperative blood loss in the observation group was lower than that in the control group [(245.1±22.3) ml vs. (308.6±19.9) ml], and the length of hospital stay was shorter than that in the control group [(7.4±0.2) d vs. (8.6±0.4) d], the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no accidental injury of intrahepatic duct in the observation group, 1 case of accidental injury of middle hepatic vein and 1 case of accidental injury of secondary branch of right hepatic vein in the control group. The AST of the observation group was significantly reduced compared with that of the control group on the 4 th and 7th days after the operation, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions 3D reconstruction of liver based on high quality MR images, can facilitate restoring the adjoint relationship between hepatic duct system and liver tumor. 3D printed navigation templates effectively guide certain kinds of hepatectomy, ensure that the cutting edge at the same time protect the rest of the liver tissue, reduce bleeding and accidental damage, realize accurate tumor resection.

Objective:To investigate the changes in structural brain network topology and microstructural damage in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), and to analyze its correlation with cognitive function.Methods:Clinical and imaging data of 114 patients with MS (MS group) diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2021 to September 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. In addition, 71 volunteers were recruited as a healthy control group (HC group) during the same period. All subjects were performed on cognitive assessment and 3D-T 1 magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo, 3D-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) scans. GRETNA software was used to obtain network topology attributes, and global attributes included global efficiency, local efficiency, and small-world attributes [clustering coefficient(Cp), shortest path length(Lp), normalized Cp(γ), normalized Lp, and small-world index (σ)]. Local attributes included betweenness centrality (BC), degree centrality (DC), nodal clustering coefficient (NCp), nodal efficiency, nodal local efficiency (NLe) and nodal shortest path length. The DKI parameter map generated by the post-processing software was used to extract the DKI parameter values of the brain region with abnormal local topology of the brain structure network. The differences of global attributes, local attributes and DKI parameter values [kurtosis fractional anisotropy (KFA), mean kurtosis (MK), radial kurtosis (RK) and axial kurtosis (AK) values] were analyzed by independent sample t-test or Mann-Whitney U test, and corrected by false discovery rate (FDR). Spearman or Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between abnormal brain structure network topology attributes and cognitive scale scores in the MS group. Results:Both the MS group and the HC group structure network showed small-world attributes, and the γ and σ values of the MS group were significantly lower than those in the HC group (FDR correction, P<0.05). Compared with the HC group, BC, DC, NCp and NLe broadly reduced in the MS group, mainly involving in bilateral frontal, temporal, precuneus, amygdala, and thalamus (FDR correction, P<0.05). After FDR correction, compared with the HC group, the KFA, MK, RK and AK values of 23 brain regions with abnormal local attributes of the network in the MS group were significantly changed in several brain regions (FDR correction, P<0.05). The correlation analysis showed, after FDR correction, the DC value of the right putamen in MS patients was positively correlated with the digit span test (DST) scores ( r=0.318 ,P=0.001). Conclusion:There are extensive changes in the structural brain network of MS patients, accompanied by varying degrees of microstructural damage, and the reduction of degree centrality in the basal ganglia putamen region is associated with cognitive impairment.

Objective:To evaluate the long-term constancy of image uniformity and noise of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for the on-board imager (OBI) system of a Varian linac.Methods:Monthly quality assurance (QA) tests were carried out for the OBI system of a Clinac iX linac, and CBCT images of Catphan 504 phantom were obtained with six scanning protocols. The 6 protocols were high-quality head (HQH), low-dose head (LDH), pelvis spot light (PSL), standard-dose head (SDH), low-dose thorax (LDT) and pelvis, respectively. The 144 series of CBCT images acquired from Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University between January 2020 and December 2021 were analyzed, and the data of image uniformity and noise were obtained by delineating regions of interest (ROI) in the images of CTP486 module. Image uniformity was expressed by the absolute value of the maximum difference between the average CT value of the ROI in the 3, 6, 9 and 12 o'clock directions and the central ROI. Image noise was expressed by the standard deviation of CT value of large circular ROI. The smaller the values of image uniformity and noise, the better the image quality. Statistical description was applied to obtain data of the maximum, minimum, mean and standard deviation for the above mentioned two parameters. Y was defined as the difference between the average CT value of ROI in each direction and the average CT value of central ROI, which was used to represent the monthly changes of image quality.Results:The image uniformity and noise of CBCT images of the OBI system were generally stable during 2 years. For the 6 protocols of HQH, LDH, PSL, SDH, LDT and pevlis, the image uniformity was (21.5±1.0), (21.4±2.2), (21.3±0.9), (18.3±1.3), (3.4±1.9) and (7.2±1.9) HU, respectively. The image noise was (19.2±0.2), (41.0±0.3), (14.2±0.3), (38.2±0.2), (16.0±0.9) and (13.5±0.9) HU, respectively. The average image uniformity of LDT was the smallest, and the average image noise of pelvis was the smallest. Under the 6 scanning protocols, the average CT values of central ROI involved in image uniformity were (32.3±2.7), (24.0±3.3), (19.3±2.4), (11.1±2.5), (67.2±2.1), (-24.6±1.7) HU, respectively. The average CT values were stable. The standard deviation of Y was < 3 HU, suggesting that the stability of image quality was favorable every month.Conclusions:The image uniformity and noise of CBCT images for the OBI system are generally stable in 2 years. Among the 6 scanning protocols, LDT yields the best image uniformity, and pelvis has the lowest image noise.

Objective:To study the position of computed tomography(CT)slice of marker points of radiotherapy,which was determined by control scan(CS)method,on the application effect of patients with head and neck tumors who received radiotherapy.Methods:Based on Control Scan(CS)method,a calculator program of mark-point slice position was made,which was an enterprise WeChat program that could be used in calculating position and CT position scan of patients with head and neck tumor(slice thickness was 3mm).A total of 60 patients with head and neck tumor were selected,and the patients who underwent CT positioning scan by using CS method were divided into observation group,and patients who underwent CT position scan by using conventional method were divided into control group,with 30 cases in each group.The number of cases with three metal marker points displayed at the same slice,and the number of slices containing the CT images of marker point between the located CT scan were compared.Results:The number of patients in the observation group and the control group who showed three markers at the same level at the same time were respectively 26 cases and 13 cases,and observation group increased by 13 cases(43.4%)than control group,and the difference was significant(x2=12.382,P<0.05).The number of CT images with only 1 slice of observation group and control group were respectively 4 cases and 0 cases,which increased by 4 cases(13.3%)than the control group,and the difference was significant(x2=2.411,P<0.05).Conclusions:The CT localization scan of radiotherapy,which uses CS to assist patients with head and neck tumor,can precisely calculate and obtain the primary position of target of CT localization scan.It can take the images of 3 mental marker points of patient who receives radiotherapy to occur at the same CT slice as soon as possible,which has better application effect.It can effectively improve the convenience and work effectiveness of radiotherapy.

Objective To explore the effect of glioma stem cells with high expression of protein tyrosin phosphatase receptor type Z1 (PTPRZ1 )on the phenotypic polarization and phagocytosis of tumor-associated macrophages and its regulatory mechanism.Methods GSCs and non-stem tumor cells (NSTCs) were screened out from human glioblastoma (GBM) specimens using flow cytometry,and the PTPRZ1 expression in paired GSCs and NSTCs were detected.Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)-derived CD14+monocytes were exposed to the conditioned medium from glioma cells or recombinant chemokine C-C motif ligand 20 (CCL20)for TAM polarization.Stable PTPRZ1 knockout GSCs (PTPRZ1-KO GSCs) were constructed using CRISPR/Cas9. TAM phagocytosis to GSCs,NSTCs,PTPRZ1-Control GSCs (PTPRZ1-Ctrl GSCs)and PTPRZ1-KO GSCs and the expression of immunosuppressive phenotype (M2) polarization marker CD163 were examined using flow cytometry.Differentially expressed genes (DEGs ) between paired GSCs and NSTCs were determined using a bulk RNA-sequencing dataset (GSE54791 )from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO).A gene set informing worse outcome of patients with GBM was generated using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-GBM cohort.By intersecting the aforementioned gene set with the gene set that encodes for human membrance proteins,the PTPRZ1 gene is obtained.Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA)was used for pathway enrichment analysis to compare the differentially regulated pathways between GBMs with high or low PTPRZ1 expression.Bulk RNA sequencing,qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to identify the DEGs between PTPRZ1-KO GSCs and PTPRZ1-Ctrl GSCs.Results GSCs were more capable of escaping from TAM phagocytosis than NSTCs (P<0.05 )and had specifically up-regulated PTPRZ1 expression.PTPRZ1-KO significantly suppressed GSCs escaping from TAM phagocytosis (P<0.01 ). GBMs with high PTPRZ1 expression showed significant inhibition of pathways mediating phagocytosis (P<0.05).The expression of CCL20 as a M2 TAM polarization chemokine was significantly down-regulated in PTPRZ1-KO GSCs (P<0.05 ).Treatment with recombinant CCL20 up-regulated the expression of CD163 as a M2 TAM marker in TAM.Conclusion PTPRZ1+GSCs mediate M2 TAM polarization and inhibit TAM phagocytosis,which may be related to the up-regulation of CCL20 in PTPRZ1+GSCs.

Objective To delineate the normal stomach and thoracic stomach structure of patients with thoracic and abdominal tumor automatically using the AccuContour software based on deep learning in order to evaluate and compare the results. Methods Thirty-six patients with choracic and abdominal tumors were chosen for this study, and were divided into two groups. Group A included 18 patients with normal stomach, and group B included the other 18 patients undergoing esophageal carcinoma operation with thoracic stomach. The stomach structures were automatically delineated by the AccuContour software in the simulation CT series. Statistical analysis was carried out to data of the differences in volume, position and shape between the automatic and manual delineations, and data of the two kinds of stomach were compared. Results For group A, the differences in volume (ΔV%) between the automatic and manual delineations was (−1.82 ± 9.65)%, the total position difference (ΔL) was (0.51 ± 0.37) cm, the values of dice similarity coefficient (DSC) was 0.89 ± 0.04. There were significant differences in values of ΔV%、ΔL and DSC (P < 0.05). Conclusion The used version of AccuContour software in this study had a satisfactory result of automatic delineation of the normal stomach structure larger than certain volume, but could not delineate the thoracic stomach structures effectively for patients undergoing esophageal carcinoma operation.