Objective To observe the virology response after the treatment of chronic hepatitis C by polyethylene glycol interferon in combination with ribavirin and the etiological characteristics of chronic hepatitis C.Methods A retrospective analysis of chronic hepatitis C infection route,hepatitis C virus(of hepatitis C virus,HCV)load and its gene typing of 120 patients in our hospital from August 2009 to July 2012.And the patients were given pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN-2a),or ordinary interferon (IFNα) alone or in combination with ribavifin.HCV-RNA load and liver function were monitored before and after 4,12,24,36,48 weeks.Results Blood transfusion was the main way of HCV infection(71/120).109 cases (90.8％) patients with serum HCV-RNA load between 5.0 ～ 7.0 logl0 copies/ml.76 patients were made HCV viral genetics testing,test results,65 cases of HCV-RNA 1b type,2 cases of HCV-RNA 1c type,HCV-RNA 2a type and HCV-RNA 6a type and HCV-RNA type 3b was 3 cases,especially.The application of PEG-IFN-2a of the two groups was significantly better than the application of IFNα of the two groups(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Chronic hepatitis C is mainly to infected by blood transfusion.HCV-RNA load between 5.0 ～ 7.0 log10 copies/ml.88.2％ of the cases of genotype 1(most of which is type 1b).PEG-IFN-2a combined with ribavirin combined with individualized treatment can effectively improve SVR rates.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of endocrine for prostate cancer with bone metastases with MR diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Methods Forty patients with bone metastases from prostate cancer were examined with DWI. Seventeen patients underwent endocrine therapy were recruited as the test group, the other 23 were regarded as the control group. There was no relapse of the metastases according to clinical diagnosis in the test group. DWI sequences were based on steady-state free precession with b value (800 s/mm~2). After identifying the metastasis according to the T1WI and T2WI, ROIs were marked at the metastases, normal muscle, normal bone and bladder on DWI, and the ADC values of the ROIs were calculated respectively. Non-parameter two independent samples test was applicated to compare the ADC values of the metastases between the two groups.Results ADC values of the bone metastases were (1.10±0.50)×10~(-3)mm~2/s in the test group and (1.12±0.30) ×10~-3mm~2/s in the control group (P>0.05).Conclusion MR DWI shows no help in evaluating the therapeutic effect of endocrine for prostate cancer with bone metastases.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of MRS in prostate cancer based on sextant localization. Methods There were 110 patients, 54 patients with pathologically confirmed prostate cancer and 56 patients confirmed non-prostate cancer proved by ultrasound guided systemic biopsy. The (choline + creatine)/citrate (CC/C) value in each voxel and ratio of positive voxel (PVR) in sextant localization were measured. The ROC analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of CC/C in single voxel and PVR in sextant localization. Results There are 1673 and 2426 voxel in prostate cancer and non-prostate cancer respectively. The median of CC/C in cancer sextants was 2. 137; the median of CC/C in noncancer sextants was 0. 600. The difference of these two groups was statistically significant (Z = -41.7, P < 0. 01 ). The diagnostic sensitivity was 81.4% ( 1362/1673 ), the specificity was 83.1% (2018/2426), and the accuracy was 82.4% [ (1362+2018)/4099] for prostatic cancer with the cutoff point 0. 911 of the CC/C value. The median of PVR in cancer sextants and noncancer sextants were 1 and 0 respectively, the difference of PVR was statistically significant (Z = -11.7,P < 0.01 ). The diagnostic sensitivity was 77. 5% (148/191), the specificity was 76. 9% (247/321), and the accuracy was 77. 1% [ ( 148 + 247 )/ 512] for prostatic cancer with the cutoff point 0. 519 of the PVR. Conclusion Detecting the cutoff point of the CC/C value in single voxel and the PVR in sextant localization may be valuable in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Objective To quantitatively analyze and testify the diagnostic value of combined MRS and DWI for prostate cancer based on sextant localization.Methods Patients who underwent prostate MR examinations in our hospital had MRS and DWI scanning in addition to conventional MRI.The(choline+creatine)/citrate(CC/C)value in each measurable voxel and the minimal ADC value(ADC_(mini))in each sextant were measured.Taking CC/C of no less than 0.911 as the cutoff value for prostate cancer,the ratios of positive voxel(PVR)in sextants were calculated.The selected patients were divided into 2 groups according to the date of examination,for the quantitative analysis and the verification respectively.Group 1 was from Feb,2006 to Dec,2006,and group 2 from Jan,2007 to Jul,2007.The diagnostic efficacy of PVR,ADC_(mini) and their combination was tested by ROC analysis.Results There were 40 patients in group 1 and group 2 respectively for the linear discrimination of the cluster analysis,including 20 patients with prostate cancer and 20 patients without prostate cancer.The linear discrimination equation calculated from group 1 was 'D=3.264×ADC_(mini)-0.205×PVR-4.407'.The areas under curve(Az)of ROC for PVR,ADC_(mini) and D were 0.769,0.910 and 0.909,respectively.In group 2,the Az of ROC for PVR,ADC_(mini) and D were 0.838,0.912 and 0.915,respectively.There were no statistical difference between ADC_(mini)-alone and D in both groups(X~2=0.32 and 1.50,P＞0.05).Conclusions Quantitative prostate DWI had higher diagnostic value than MRS.The combined use of MRS and DWI was not superior to the DWI-alone in the diagnostic efficacy of prostate cancer.

ObjectiveTo determine if the three-dimensional proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic(MRS) imaging helps in diagnosing metastasis ofprostate cancer(Pca).MethodsSixty-five patients with biopsy proven Pca were recruited and divided into two groups:group 1 with metastasis(bone and/or lymph node metastasis)(n=34)and Group 2 without metastasis(n=31).Voxels were placed on cancerous area in peripheral zone and the ratios of(Cho+Cre)/Cit were measured.The mean ratio in each patient was calculated and ROC curve was drawn to determine the optimal operating point(OOP)for the prediction of Pca metastasis by the metabolite ratio.ResultsThe mean ratio of(Cho+Cre)/Cit in cancerous area of Pca without metastasis was 1.3 ±0.5,whereas that of Pca with metastasis was 2.2±0.6.Statistically significant difference existed between the two groups(t=6.38,P＜0.05).According to the ROC analysis,the OOP was determined and interpreted at 1.53 with higher sensitivity and specificity.If Pca with metastasis was predicted as whose the mean ratio of(Cho+Cre)/Cit in cancerous area larger than 1.53,the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy for metastasis determination were 94.12%(32/34),67.74%(21/31),and 81.54%(53/65)respectively.Conclusion MRS may be a useful noninvasive method to predict the metastasis of Pca.

Objective To evaluate three-dimensional reconstruction of MRI images in diagnosis and therapy of prostate cancer. Methods Twenty-eight patients with proven prostate cancers were recruited in this study. Seventeen of them were diagnosed as having prostate cancer according to the ultrasound guided systemic biopsy. Their MR examinations showed fourteen lesions in the peripheral zone and three in the central gland of the prostate. The other eleven patients underwent MR examination after a period of treatment, including endocrinetherapy and brachytherapy. Using endorectal coil, a series of T2-weighted images were acquired on the axial plane. These source images were processed by 3D-Doctor software to reconstruct into three-dimensional images. Results In the fourteen patients with peripheral zone cancer, reconstruction images could display the 3D regions of cancer and the involvement of capsular. The outspread of central gland and the compression of peripheral zone in patients with central gland cancer could be revealed in the same way. The volumetric changes of the lesion and the prostate after endocrinetherapy could also be perceived through these 3D images. Similarly, radioactive seeds were revealed in a spatial manner that could be easily evaluated. Conclusion Three-dimensional reconstruction images were obtained in all patients. They were able to provide stereotyped information about the lesions and their surrounding tissues. MRI three-dimensional reconstruction can be an adjunctive tool in the evaluation of prostate lesions.

Objective:To evaluate the variation of clinical data and referred purpose of prostate magnetic resonance(MR) examination in the past 12 years in Peking University First Hospital.Methods:One thousand and sixty-six patients underwent prostate MR examination(1 296 exams) from May 1992 to Sept.2004.The clinical data of the patients were retrospectively analyzed.The number of patients was counted and three groups were classified(diagnosing group,staging group and follow-up group) according to the purpose of prostate MR examination per year.For the diagnosing group, the clinical data of patient's age,symptom,level of serum prostate specific antigen(PSA),and the result of ultrasound or digital rectal examination(DRE) were evaluated.Results:(1)The number of patients increased year by year in the past 12 years,and the majority of the increased patients required differential diagnosis.(2) Diagnosing group: the percentage of patients with the symptom of BPH increased year by year.The average level of serum PSA dropped and the percentage of patients with elevated PSA or with nodules detected by ultrasound or DRE referred for detection of prostate cancer or with the symptom of metastasis decreased.Conclusion:With the widespread screening of prostate cancer,more patients of early prostate carcinoma and non-tumoral lesion in prostate gland are examined by MR imaging.

diabeticfoot ulcer of rats induced by streptozotosin,and to find the significance of free radical scavenging and the antioxidative function.MethodsA total of 60 male wistar rats were randomized into the control group (20 rats) and diabetic model group (40 rats).The model group was induced to diabetic foot ulcer using streptozotosin tail intravenous injection,and the control group was injected equal citric acid-citric acid sodium buffer fluid instead.A rectangular full-thickness skin of dorsum of foot in the two groups was removed from model rats to construct diabetic foot ulcer.Serum zinc levels of the two groups were monitored,and immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the MT expression.ResultsSerum zinc levels in the model group( 1.17 ±0.09) was significantly lower than control group( 1.48 ±0.07),and the difference was statistically significant ( t =12.94,P ＜0.01 ).The MT expression in control group was low,while it significantly increased in diabetic model group,and the difference was statistically significant ( x2 =12.78,P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionsThe zinc levels and MT expression of diabetic foot ulcer rats may be associated with free radical scavenging and the antioxidative function.The increased expression of MT may play an important role in preventing the further development of diabetic foot ulcer disease.

0.05,Friedman Test).When b-value increased from 300 s/mm2 up to 500 s/mm2 and 800 s/mm2,the decreased rates of ADC value were 14% and 21% respectively in carcinous regions,5% and 11% respectively in non-carcinous regions respectively.Conclusion The ADC values are different when b-values changed in both prostatic non-carcinous and carcinous regions,but the difference of ADC between the non-carcinous and carcinous tissues seems to be stable in spite of the change of b-value(range 300-800 s/mm2).

40 years, old group) without prostate diseases, underwent MRI and MRS examinations. The peripheral zone (PZ) and central gland (CG) of the prostate were distinctly demonstrated on MRI, the right and left side of PZ and CG were divided into bottom, middle and tip regions,totally 12 samples were obtained from each case. The levels of (Cho+Cre)/Cit ratios were calculated on the basis of the MRS metabolic map. Results ①The mean level of (Cho+Cre)/Cit ratios in PZs and CGs of different regions in young group and old group was not significantly different. Statistically significant variation of the (Cho+Cre)/Cit ratio in PZs and CGs in the two groups was detected. ②The mean level of (Cho+Cre)/Cit ratios of PZs between young group and old group was not significantly different. Only Statistically significant variation of (Cho+Cre)/Cit ratios in CGs between two groups was detected. Conclusion The normal levels of prostatic metabolites fluctuate dramatically among individuals. There is metabolic difference between the peripheral and central zone and that of young and old group.