Objective To investigate whether low level 45, X/46, XX mosaicism presents in women with premature ovarian failure (POF) and the sensitivity and specificity of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for detecting X chromosome mosaicism. Methods Karyotypes of peripheral lymphocyte in 18 patients with POF and 9 normal controls were analyzed and the orange signals during FISH using X chromosome enumeration probes (CEPX) were counted. Results Single signals of X chromosome (45, X) were found in 7.6% of the total counted cells, which was significantly greater than that in the controls, in spite of the normal 46, XX karyotypes by routine analyses in all POF patients. Conclusions This study indicated that some POF patients may attribute to low level 45, X/46, XX mosaicism. FISH is more sensitive than the routine chromosome analyses in detecting low level X chromosome monosomy.

Objective:To investigate the localization and expression pattern of nuclear receptor NR4A1 protein in follicle and corpus luteum cells at different estrous stages in cycling female SD rat. Methods:The SD experimental rats were divided into four ovarian stages based on the vaginal lavages,from which the ovaries were obtained in every cycling stage.The localization and expression pattern of NR4A1 in rat ovaries were characterized by immunohistochemistry. Results:NR4A1 was mainly expressed in the cytosol of ovarian theca cells and lutein cells.Expression level of NR4A1 in theca cell of mature follicle was significantly higher than that in the growing follicle(P

The statistics of purified protein derivative (PPD) test and chest radiograph of freshmen at a university from 2007 to 2010 were collected and examined.The result showed 25 tuberculosis cases (a prevalence rate of 0.18％) and 1 790 cases (13.40％) with strong positive PPD.After giving informed consents,the students with strong positive result and no abnormality on chest radiograph were divided into two groups.The treatment group (n =814) received precautionary anti-tuberculosis treatment while the nontreatment group (n =976) had no treatment.And 34 tuberculosis cases were found during four years in school (0.25％).Except for freshmen in 2008,the prevalence rate of the strong positive PPD groups much higher than that of the positive and negative groups and the difference had statistic significance between the groups (x2 =23.20,10.58,18.80,P ＜ 0.05).Therefore PPD test and chest radiograph are two main methods for an early diagnosis of tuberculosis among freshmen.Adopting precautionary anti-tuberculosis treatment for students with strong positive PPD and regular physical examinations are effective measures for tuberculosis control at universities.

Objective To investigate the association between multi-drug resistant 1 (MDR1) gene C3435T and T129C polymorphism with refractory epilepsy in children. Methods A total of 260 children including 60 refractory epilepsy, 100 drug-responsive epilepsy, and 100 healthy children were enrolled. The genotypes for MDR1 polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.The distribution of genotypes and allele frequencies of the three groups were compared. Results The distribution of TT/TC/CC genotypes and T/C allele frequencies of C3435T showed no signiifcant difference between drug-resistant patients and drug-responsive patients or normal control group (P>0.05). Drug-resistant patients were more likely to have the TC genotype and the C allele at T129C when compared with the drug-responsive patients and the normal control group (P<0.05). Conclusions T129C polymorphism of the MDR1 gene was associated with refractory epilepsy in children.

The expensive production of bioethanol is because it has not yet reached the 'THREE-HIGH' (High-titer, high-conversion and high-productivity) technical levels of starchy ethanol production. To cope with it, it is necessary to implement a high-gravity mash bioethanol production (HMBP), in which sugar hydrolysates are thick and fermentation-inhibitive compounds are negligible. In this work, HMBP from an atmospheric glycerol autocatalytic organosolv pretreated wheat straw was carried out with different fermentation strategies. Under an optimized condition (15% substrate concentration, 10 g/L (NH4)2SO4, 30 FPU/g dry matter, 10% (V/V) inoculum ratio), HMBP was at 31.2 g/L with a shaking simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) at 37 degrees C for 72 h, and achieved with a conversion of 73% and a productivity of 0.43 g/(L x h). Further by a semi-SFF with pre-hydrolysis time of 24 h, HMBP reached 33.7 g/L, the conversion and productivity of which was 79% and 0.47 g/(L x h), respectively. During the SSF and semi-SSF, more than 90% of the cellulose in both substrates were hydrolyzed into fermentable sugars. Finally, a fed-batch semi-SFF was developed with an initial substrate concentration of 15%, in which dried substrate (= the weight of the initial substrate) was divided into three portions and added into the conical flask once each 8 h during the first 24 h. HMBP achieved at 51.2 g/L for 72 h with a high productivity of 0.71 g/(L x h) while a low cellulose conversion of 62%. Interestingly, the fermentation inhibitive compound was mainly acetic acid, less than 3.0 g/L, and there were no other inhibitors detected, commonly furfural and hydroxymethyl furfural existing in the slurry. The data indicate that the lignocellulosic substrate subjected to the atmospheric glycerol autocatalytic organosolv pretreatment is very applicable for HMBP. The fed-batch semi-SFF is effective and desirable to realize an HMBP.
Biofuels ; Carbohydrates ; chemistry ; Cellulose ; chemistry ; Ethanol ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Furaldehyde ; chemistry ; Glycerol ; chemistry ; Hydrolysis ; Triticum

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a common gastrointestinal disease, often accompanied by systemic inflammatory reactions and organ dysfunction. SAP has an acute onset, severe condition, rapid progression, and poor prognosis. The development of SAP is closely related to the excessive release of inflammatory factors. In the comprehensive treatment of SAP, continuous blood purification (CBP) can clear inflammatory mediators, improve the stability of Internal environment, improve organ function, reduce blood lipids, regulate immunity, and significantly improve the condition of SAP patients. It is an important means of treating SAP. This article reviews the research progress of CBP in the treatment of SAP.

Abstract: In order to search for coumarin-based anti-platelet aggregation compounds with high efficacy and good druggability, twenty-five 3-acetyl-7-hydroxy-coumarin oxime derivatives (6a-6y) were synthesized via Vilsmeier-Haack reaction, Knoevenagel reaction, Williamson reaction, electrophilic substitution reaction and oximation reaction from resorcinol. Their structures were confirmed by HRMS and 1H NMR spectra. The anti-platelet aggregation activity of the target compounds was evaluated using Born’s turbidimetric method. The results revealed that most of them could significantly inhibit platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen, arachidonic acid (AA) and thrombin. Among them, the target compounds 6a and 6b not only had strong inhibitory activity on platelet aggregation induced by the four inducers, but also exhibited good water solubility (3.46 mg/mL and 3.85 mg/mL, respectively) and lipid-water partition coefficient (2.56 and 2.85, respectively) and were expected to become a preclinical candidate compound with multi-target action against platelet aggregation.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum progesterone level at the day with human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) administration and pregnant outcome from in in-vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(IVF-ET). Methods From Mar. 2002 to Apr. 2007, 786 cycles with serum progesterone measurement on the day of hCG administration for final oocyte maturation in IVF were analyzed retrospectively in Reproductive Medicine Center in First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University.All stimulations were down-regulated with gronadotrophin release hormone agonist (GnRH-a) in both long protocols and short protocols before gonadotrophin stimulation. When the thresholds of serum progesterone were set at 5.5, 6.0,6.5,7.0,7.5,8.0,8.5 and 9.0 nmol/L, respectively. If the level of progesterone was less than the thresholds, those patients were in lower progesterone group, on the contrary, more than the threshold value, those patients were in higher progesterone group. The laboratory results and the clinical outcomes between all patients at lower and higher progesterone group at different thresholds value were analyzed. Results The rate of normal fertilization, quality embryos, successful implantation, chemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy and live birth did not exhibit remarkable difference between patients with higher and lower serum progesterone level at multiple thresholds on the day of hCG administration in the 786 cycles (P >0.05). However, when the thresholds of serum progesterone were at 8.5 and 9.0 nmol/L, early abortion rates of 27.3% (3/11) and 3/7 in higher progesterone group were significantly higher than 8.8% (26/297) and 8.6% (26/301) in lower progesterone group (P<0.05). And the total abortion rates of 3/7 in higher progesterone group were significantly higher than 11.0% (34/301) in lower progesterone group when the thresholds of serum progesterone were 9.0 nmol/L (P<0.05). Conclusions This study did not prove the correlationship between progesterone level at the clay with hCG administration and the probability of clinical pregnancy or live birth. However, early abortion rates or the total abortion rates were associated with higher progesterone level when the thresholds of serum progesterone were at 8.5 nmol/L or 9.0 nmoL/L.

Objective: To explorer factors related to spontaneous reduction in twin pregnancy following assisted reproductive technology. Methods: 2 848 twin pregnant women with treatment of vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) or intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles were enrolled at Assisted Reproductive Centre of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity Hospital and Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from January 2013 to December 2016 respectively. Basic features of subjects, relevant clinical indicators, factors of assisted reproductive therapy and pregnancy outcome were collected from clinical assisted reproductive technology management system. According to the pregnancy outcome, the subjects with spontaneous reduction were classified as case group (n=686), and those with normal twin birth were classified as control group (n=2 162). The features of subjects in the two groups were compared. Non-conditional logistics regression model was used to analyze the related factors of the occurrence of spontaneous reduction. Results: The age of case group and control group were (30.6±4.3) and (30.2±4.0) years old respectively. After the adjustment of male sterile factor, compared to the subjects with luteinizing hormone level on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin administration (HCG) <1.43 IU/L, OR (95%CI) of the subjects with value at 2.59-5.10 IU/L was1.62 (1.08-2.42).Compared to the subjects with number of transferred embryo as 1, OR (95%CI) of the subjects with value as 3 was 0.23 (0.07-0.74). Compared to the subjects with stage of transferred embryo as cleavage stage, OR (95%CI) of the subjects with blastula stage was 0.42 (0.27-0.67). Conclusion Luteinizing hormone level on day of HCG, number and stage of embryo transfer are related factors to spontaneous reduction in twin pregnancy following assisted reproductive technology.

Objective Using of cumulative live birth rate(CLBR)per oocytes retrieved cycle,to assess the clinical outcomes of in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection(IVF/ICSI),and to explore impact factors on CLBR following utilization of all fresh and frozen embryos in one complete IVF/ICSI cycle using gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)agonist, GnRH-antagonist and clomiphene mild stimulation protocols. Methods Of the patients who underwent IVF/ICSI from January 1st, 2014 to December 31st, 2015 in the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, a total of 6 142 oocytes retrieved cycles were included. The clinical and laboratory parameters of different ovarian stimulation protocols, and the effects of the age, number of oocytes retrieved and number of embryos available on the CLBR of each oocytes retrieved cycle were analyzed.Results The CLBR was 69.0%(2 004/2 906)in the GnRH-agonist protocol versus 67.4%(644/955)in the GnRH-antagonist protocol (P>0.05); the CLBR of clomiphene mild stimulation protocol was 53.2%(1 215/2 281),significantly lower than those of the other two protocols (all P<0.05). The CLBR significantly decreased with age increased. When divided into four groups according to the patients′ age, we found that CLBR were not statistically significant using three different protocols in the 20-25 years old group(all P>0.05).There was a strong association between the number of oocytes retrieved and embryos available on CLBR. CLBR rose significantly with an increasing number of oocytes up to 6, then the rising trend slowed down. Patients were categorized into four groups according to the number of oocytes retrieved,CLBR was significantly higher using GnRH-antagonist protocol (50.0%)than mild stimulation protocol(37.0%)in low ovarian responder(0-4 oocytes)group(P<0.05). The CLBR were no significant difference among three protocols in normal(10-15 oocytes)and high responders(≥15 oocytes)group(all P>0.05).The incidence rate of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in GnRH-agonist protocols(5.2%,152/2 906)were significantly higher than those of GnRH-antagonist(4.4%, 42/955)and clomiphene mild stimulation protocols(1.5%,34/2 281;all P<0.05).Conclusions CLBR is an important index to assess the clinical outcomes of IVF/ICSI. Age, number of oocytes retrieved and embryos available could affect CLBR obviously. According to the different age and ovarian response of patients, we should design ovarian stimulation protocols based on target oocytes number in order to get higher CLBR and reduce complications.