Lives are maintained by enough oxygen.Blood oxygen saturation is one of the important parameters which reflects oxygen concentration in blood.The accurate monitoring of blood oxygen saturation is very important to both physiological research and medical application.At present,dual-wavelength method is widely adopted in noninvasive detection of blood oxygen saturation.Therefore,accurate recognition of peak-to-peak value of pulse waveform is a key process in monitoring blood oxygen saturation.In the paper,LMS self-adaptive arithmetic is applied to processing pulse waveform signal.The ratio of corrective detection is improved by the method.

Herpes zoster ( HZ, also known as shingles) , caused by reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus ( VZV) , is a viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with blisters involving a limited area. Elderly individuals older than fifty years of age are at increased risk of contracting HZ. In China, HZ becomes a significant health burden along with population aging. The virological characteristics, clinical di-agnosis, epidemiological characteristics of HZ are summarized in this review. Moreover, the burden of HZ, risk factors as well as the prevention and control of HZ are also discussed.

Cervical cancer has become an important disease that jeopardizes women′s health, causing hundreds of thousands of new cases annually. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the leading cause for cervical cancer. Since the world′s first HPV vaccine was licensed in 2006, 92 countries around the world have introduced them in national immunization programs. The WHO recommends that scientific economic evaluation should be achieved before the introduction, but this is more difficult for low-and middle-income countries. Therefore, this article introduces a mathematical model recommended by WHO in 2014 to quickly and easily accomplish economic evaluation of HPV vaccine -the PRIME, and take the China′s 2018 data published by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as an example. The evaluation result shows that the introduction of HPV vaccine in Chinese 12-year-old women is cost-effective.

Objective To investigated job satisfaction and turnover intention of clinical nurses with different educational background in northeastern Sichuan Province and to study the cor-relation between the two factors.Methods A total of 860 clinical nurses were investigated by a questionnaire,including general data,turnover intention and job satisfaction.Results The opti-mistic degree on work in secondary education was better than those of undergraduate nurses and ju-nior education nurses,and the optimistic degree and severity on work of undergraduate nurses were highest.A significant difference was observed in management,work load,work or family balance, personal growth and development of job satisfaction among the 8 factors (P <0.05).Turnover in-tention score and job satisfaction score were significantly lower than the total theoretical score and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).Conclusion The higher the education is, the lower optimistic degree on the job and job satisfaction are,and the higher the turnover intention is.Thus,the hospital can improve the wages and welfare of nurses,and provide the support and platform for their development,and strive to improve their professional knowledge,positive nursing team construction,improve their job satisfaction so as to reduce turnover intention and the nursing resources loss.

Objective To investigated job satisfaction and turnover intention of clinical nurses with different educational background in northeastern Sichuan Province and to study the cor-relation between the two factors.Methods A total of 860 clinical nurses were investigated by a questionnaire,including general data,turnover intention and job satisfaction.Results The opti-mistic degree on work in secondary education was better than those of undergraduate nurses and ju-nior education nurses,and the optimistic degree and severity on work of undergraduate nurses were highest.A significant difference was observed in management,work load,work or family balance, personal growth and development of job satisfaction among the 8 factors (P <0.05).Turnover in-tention score and job satisfaction score were significantly lower than the total theoretical score and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).Conclusion The higher the education is, the lower optimistic degree on the job and job satisfaction are,and the higher the turnover intention is.Thus,the hospital can improve the wages and welfare of nurses,and provide the support and platform for their development,and strive to improve their professional knowledge,positive nursing team construction,improve their job satisfaction so as to reduce turnover intention and the nursing resources loss.

Cervical cancer has become an important disease that jeopardizes women′s health, causing hundreds of thousands of new cases annually. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the leading cause for cervical cancer. Since the world′s first HPV vaccine was licensed in 2006, 92 countries around the world have introduced them in national immunization programs. The WHO recommends that scientific economic evaluation should be achieved before the introduction, but this is more difficult for low?and middle?income countries. Therefore, this article introduces a mathematical model recommended by WHO in 2014 to quickly and easily accomplish economic evaluation of HPV vaccine?the PRIME, and take the China′s 2018 data published by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as an example. The evaluation result shows that the introduction of HPV vaccine in Chinese 12?year?old women is cost?effective.

Cervical cancer has become an important disease that jeopardizes women′s health, causing hundreds of thousands of new cases annually. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the leading cause for cervical cancer. Since the world′s first HPV vaccine was licensed in 2006, 92 countries around the world have introduced them in national immunization programs. The WHO recommends that scientific economic evaluation should be achieved before the introduction, but this is more difficult for low?and middle?income countries. Therefore, this article introduces a mathematical model recommended by WHO in 2014 to quickly and easily accomplish economic evaluation of HPV vaccine?the PRIME, and take the China′s 2018 data published by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as an example. The evaluation result shows that the introduction of HPV vaccine in Chinese 12?year?old women is cost?effective.

Objective: To analyze the correlation between circumcision and incidence and clearance of male genital HPV infection. Methods: From May to July 2014, 18-55 year old men who had sexual behavior history were recruited from the general population in Liuzhou, Guangxi to set up a cohort. Totally, 113 circumcised and 560 uncircumcised men were enrolled and interviewed using a questionnaire (including information on demographic characteristics and sexual behaviors), then they were followed-up with 6-month interval for 2 times. On each visit, specimens of male external genitalia were collected and genotyped for HPV DNA. The differences of incidence and clearance of genital HPV infections between circumcised and uncircumcised men were analyzed by Log-rank test. Cox regression was used to analyze the relationship between circumcision and incidence and clearance of HPV infection. Results: The median age (P₂₅, P₇₅) of circumcised and uncircumcised men were 28 (24, 35) and 32 (24, 31), respectively. The incidences of any HPV infections were 9.1 (95%CI: 2.4-15.7) and 8.4 (95% CI: 5.6-11.2) per 1 000 person-months (χ²=0.10, P=0.758), respectively. The clearance of circumcised men [136.3 (95%CI: 70.0-202.7) per 1 000 person-months] was higher than that in uncircumcised men [89.6 (95%CI: 65.9-113.3) per 1 000 person-months] (χ²=8.19, P=0.004). In multivariate COX regression analysis, compared with uncircumcised men, circumcised men had higher possibility to clear any HPV infections (HR: 2.41, 95%CI: 1.30-4.46). Compared with men having one sexual partner, people having more than 4 sexual partners had lower possibility to clear any HPV infections (HR: 0.49, 95%CI: 0.25-0.96). Compared with 18-25 years old men, men aged 26-35 years old had higher possibility to clear high-risk HPV infections (HR: 2.14, 95%CI: 1.08-4.23). Conclusion Circumcised and uncircumcised men had similar incidence of genital HPV infection, whereas, men conducted circumcision and having fewer sexual partners could increase the clearance of genital HPV infections.