Mental disorders are characterized by disturbances in behavior,volition,emotion,and cognition and are considered emotional diseases in traditional Chinese medicine.Acupuncture is one of the most widely used complementary alternative therapies for the treatment of mental disorders.Recently,there has been growing interest in the use of the Tong Du Tiao Shen(Dredging Du meridian to regulate the spirit)as a primary treatment.However,a comprehensive summary of the establishment and related acupuncture methods of Tong Du Tiao Shen is lacking.This paper aims to address this gap by exploring the origin and development of Tong Du Tiao Shen,its application in treating mental disorders,and the modern biological mechanisms involved.Ultimately,this paper seeks to expand the clinical application of Tong Du Tiao Shen acupuncture and provide a scientific basis for future research in this field.

随着铜绿假单胞菌（铜绿）的耐药性逐年增强，铜绿感染已经成为公共医疗卫生的重点关注问题。线粒体自噬及其介导的线粒体功能障碍在多种细菌感染中已被报道，但线粒体功能障碍在宿主调控铜绿感染中的作用尚不明确。因此，本研究建立铜绿刺激小鼠巨噬细胞感染模型和小鼠急性铜绿感染模型，探讨铜绿是否通过诱导线粒体自噬改变线粒体功能，进而影响宿主免疫炎症反应和细胞毒性，并通过监测生存率和肺组织病理学变化进一步确定线粒体自噬在小鼠铜绿体内感染模型中的作用。结果表明，铜绿引起小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞线粒体功能障碍，并通过线粒体自噬途径清除铜绿刺激引起的活性氧（ROS）累积，从而抑制铜绿引起的促炎性细胞因子分泌并增强细胞毒性。体内实验进一步确认线粒体自噬在铜绿体内感染中的作用。
Mice ; Animals ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism* ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Macrophages/metabolism* ; Mitochondria ; Cytokines/metabolism*

Objective To establish a quality control system of volatile oil of Chunyang Zhengqi capsules. Methods The chromatogram of volatile oil was established by GC method, and the contents of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol were determined. Results In 15 batches of samples, 19 common peaks were identified, and 9 characteristic peaks were selected to establish the characteristic spectrum. The linear ranges of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol were 0.522 - 1.565 mg/ml (r=0.9994) and 3.038 - 9.115 mg/ml (r=0.9997), respectively. The average recoveries were 97.1% and 97.3%, with RSD of 1.5% and 1.4%, respectively. Conclusion The established GC characteristic map and content determination method could control the quality of essential oil in Chunyang Zhengqi capsules qualitatively and quantitatively. The method is accurate and feasible which could be used as the quality control method of essential oil in Chunyang Zhengqi capsules.

Drinking culture has high significance in both China and the world, whether in the entertainment sector or in social occasions; according to the World Health Organization's 2018 Global Alcohol and Health Report, about 3 million people died from excessive drinking in 2016, accounting for 5.3% of the total global deaths that year. Oxidative stress and inflammation are the most common pathological phenomena caused by alcohol abuse (Snyder et al., 2017). Scutellarin, a kind of flavonoid, is one of the main active ingredients extracted from breviscapine. It exerts anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and vasodilation effects, and has been used to treat cardiovascular diseases and alcoholic liver injury. Although scutellarin can effectively alleviate multi-target organ injury induced by different forms of stimulation, its protective effect on alcoholic brain injury has not been well-defined. Therefore, the present study established an acute alcohol mice brain injury model to explore the effect of scutellarin on acute alcoholic brain injury. The study was carried out based on the targets of oxidative stress and inflammation, which is of great significance for the targeted therapy of clinical alcohol diseases.
Animals ; Apigenin/therapeutic use* ; Brain Injuries/drug therapy* ; Glucuronates/therapeutic use* ; Humans ; Mice ; Oxidative Stress

Objective To clarify the influence of the extraction process on its active ingredients by comparing the volatile oils of Rhizoma Chuanxiong obtained under different processes. Methods The volatile oil of Rhizoma Chuanxiong was extracted by supercritical CO₂ extraction (SFE) and steam distillation. The main chemical components and relative contents were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results A total of 18 common components were identified in the volatile oil samples of Chuanxiong from the two methods. In steam distillation samples, main components included phthalides (61%), monoterpenoids (25%) and sesquiterpenes (10%). In SFE samples, phthalides (97%) were major components, followed by monoterpenoids (1%),sesquiterpenes (0.4%) and other minor components. Conclusion The steam distillation retains highly volatile components in Rhizoma chuanxiong such as monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenes. For SFE approach, the phthalides were extracted more efficiently compared with other components. The effect of the extraction process on the active ingredients should be fully considered in obtained products of Rhizoma chuanxiong since the difference in constituents may result in varied effects.

Objective To observe the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the plasticity of enteric nervous-smooth muscle system,and to investigate the effects of BDNF induced plasticity on gastrointestinal motility in mice.Methods Male hybrid BDNF knockout (BDNF+/) mice and wild type (BDNF+/+) mice were selected,eight in each group.Gastrointestinal motility of BDNF+/+ mice and BDNF+/ mice were tested and compared.Longitudinal muscle strips of mice colon smooth muscle were prepared.The effects of carbachol (1 × 10 5 mol/L) and BDNF (1 × 10 7 mol/L) on contractile function of muscle strips were observed.And the effects of tetrodotoxin (TTX,1 × 10-6 mol/L) on BDNF induced contractile function of muscle strips were also studied.The changes of the density of mice intestinal myenteric plexus and the expression of smooth muscle α-actin (α-SMA) in colon smooth muscle were detected by immunohistochemical techniqne.The ultrastruetural alterations of myenteric plexus,neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and smooth muscle cells were detected by transmission electron microscope (TEM).T-test or Rank sum test was performed for comparison between groups.Results Number of feces particles and water content in feces of BDNF+/-mice ((3.80±0.75) and (39.60±1.47)％) were both lower than those of BDNF+/+ mice ((6.30± 1.03) and (51.00± 1.61) ％),and the differences were statistically significant (t=4.792,12.827;both P＜0.05).Carbachol (1 × 10-5 mol/L) could significantly increase contraction activity of smooth muscle of BDNF+/+ mice (R =3.26 ± 0.43) and BDNF+/-mice (R=2.15 ± 0.36),and the difference was statistically significant (t=15.754,9.632;both P＜0.05).The effects on contraction exciting of smooth muscle strips of BDNF+/+ mice were more significant than BDNF+/ mice,and the difference was statistically significant (t =5.972,P＜0.05).BDNF could significantly increase contraction of muscle strips of BDNF+/+ mice and R value increased from 1 to 1.41±0.09,and the differences were statistically significant (t=13.674,P＜0.05).TTX could obviously inhibit the excitatory effects of BDNF,R value decreased from 1.41 ± 0.09 to 1.03 ± 0.04 (t=11.692,P＜0.05).The density of myenteric plexus of BDNF+/ mice (median 5.8％,interquartile range 4.2％-7.0％) was significantly lower than that of BDNF+/+ mice (median 9.0％,interquartile range 7.1％-10.8％),and the difference was statistically significant (Z =3.730,P＜ 0.05).The expression of α-SMA of BDNF+/-mice (median 33.4％,interquartile range 28.8％-38.5％) was significantly lower than that of BDNF+/+ mice (median 44.6％,interquartile range 39.2％-48.8％),and the difference was statistically significant (Z=4.565,P＜0.05).The results of TEM indicated ultrastructural alterations of myenteric plexus,NMJ and smooth muscle in BDNF+/-mice.Conelusionss BDNF could induce the plasticity of morphology and function in enteric nervous-smooth muscle system,which may play an important role in mice gastrointestinal motility.

OBJECTIVETo understand the distributions of DNA and neutralizing antibodies of human papillomavirus (HPV)16, 18 in 18-45 year-old women.

METHODSTotally, 1494 women were enrolled through multistage random sampling in Funing, Jiangsu province. Cervical exfoliated cells were collected from them for HPV DNA testing, and serum samples were taken from them for the detection of HPV16, 18 neutralizing antibodies by using pseudovirion-based neutralization assay(PBNA).

RESULTSAmong the 1494 women, 28(1.9%) and 188(12.6%) were positive for DNA and neutralizing antibody of HPV16 respectively, and 15(1.0%) and 60(4.0%) were positive for DNA and neutralizing antibody of HPV18, respectively. There were no significant differences in the detection rates of DNA and neutralizing antibody of HPV16, 18 among different age groups. About 16.7% of the women were infected with HPV16, 18, or both.

CONCLUSIONIn Funing county of Jiangsu province, most women aged 18-45 years has no immunity to HPV16 and 18, indicating that they are appropriate targets for HPV 16/18 vaccination.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; isolation & purification ; Antibodies, Viral ; isolation & purification ; China ; DNA, Viral ; isolation & purification ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; immunology ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; immunology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Papillomavirus Infections ; prevention & control ; Papillomavirus Vaccines ; Young Adult

Hepatitis E, caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection, usually leads to an acute clinical course, and is the most common diagnosis among cases of acute viral hepatitis. From 2008, there have been increasing reports of chronic HEV infection in immunocompromised patients such as organ transplant recipients. Without intervention with antiviral treatment, approximately 60% of HEV infections in organ transplant recipients evolve into chronic HEV infections. Of these chronic hepatitis E patients, 10% may develop liver fibrosis and progress to liver cirrhosis. This article reviews chronic HEV infection and treatment in organ transplant recipients.
Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis E ; drug therapy ; virology ; Hepatitis E virus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Hepatitis, Chronic ; drug therapy ; virology ; Humans ; Transplant Recipients ; Transplants ; virology

Objective To investigated job satisfaction and turnover intention of clinical nurses with different educational background in northeastern Sichuan Province and to study the cor-relation between the two factors.Methods A total of 860 clinical nurses were investigated by a questionnaire,including general data,turnover intention and job satisfaction.Results The opti-mistic degree on work in secondary education was better than those of undergraduate nurses and ju-nior education nurses,and the optimistic degree and severity on work of undergraduate nurses were highest.A significant difference was observed in management,work load,work or family balance, personal growth and development of job satisfaction among the 8 factors (P <0.05).Turnover in-tention score and job satisfaction score were significantly lower than the total theoretical score and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).Conclusion The higher the education is, the lower optimistic degree on the job and job satisfaction are,and the higher the turnover intention is.Thus,the hospital can improve the wages and welfare of nurses,and provide the support and platform for their development,and strive to improve their professional knowledge,positive nursing team construction,improve their job satisfaction so as to reduce turnover intention and the nursing resources loss.

Objective To investigated job satisfaction and turnover intention of clinical nurses with different educational background in northeastern Sichuan Province and to study the cor-relation between the two factors.Methods A total of 860 clinical nurses were investigated by a questionnaire,including general data,turnover intention and job satisfaction.Results The opti-mistic degree on work in secondary education was better than those of undergraduate nurses and ju-nior education nurses,and the optimistic degree and severity on work of undergraduate nurses were highest.A significant difference was observed in management,work load,work or family balance, personal growth and development of job satisfaction among the 8 factors (P <0.05).Turnover in-tention score and job satisfaction score were significantly lower than the total theoretical score and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).Conclusion The higher the education is, the lower optimistic degree on the job and job satisfaction are,and the higher the turnover intention is.Thus,the hospital can improve the wages and welfare of nurses,and provide the support and platform for their development,and strive to improve their professional knowledge,positive nursing team construction,improve their job satisfaction so as to reduce turnover intention and the nursing resources loss.